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Ma* 10, 1855.] y^JB ^EADEB, 4W
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The eruption of Mount Vesuvius still con...
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rected for increase of population, was 1...
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NAVAL AND MILITARY NEWS. The Shipwreck o...
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' , ; , j , . j OUK CIVILISATION. Dramat...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ma* 10, 1855.] Y^Jb ^Eadeb, 4w
Ma * 10 , 1855 . ] y ^ JB ^ EADEB , 4 W
The Eruption Of Mount Vesuvius Still Con...
The eruption of Mount Vesuvius still continues . A correspondent of the Morning Post says : — " Occaaionalli huge red-hot stones are thrown up , and at night a re < glare tints the huge volume of smoke , producing a gram effect . But on the present occasion the lava stream : from the exhausted and hitherto long-tranquil Somma which is the detached portion , almost coequal in heighi with the circular old cone , from whence aU the modem eruptions have issued . The * portion of the mountain a < present called Somma was originally united , in all probability , with the existing cone , and hitherto active . The grand eruption of 79 , narrated by Pliny , no doubt materially altered the form of Vesuvius . From that period , history records a series of convulsions up to the present time , numbering nearly forty , the most important o which are those o 79 , 203 , 472 , 502 , 1036 , 1449 , 1500 , 1631 , 1794 , 1834 , and 1849 ; the latter having all issued from the same cone or black crater , which forms a circuit of 5600 feet . This portion of the mountain is now perfectly tranquil . The eruption will , in all probability , last some days , until , as on former occasions , the accumulated volcanic action of the mountain has exhausted itself . " The Daily News Correspondent says : — " The lava has now advanced ten miles from its source , and is doing terrible damage . I have before me the report of Cozzolino as to the latest changes which have taken place about the cone . Just at the base of it a lake of fire has been formed , which looks like a red sea in an undulatory state . In the very centre of this has opened another crater , which is throwing out red-hot stones . On the morning of the 7 th , the crater , at the very summit , fired , as it were , two heavy cannonades ; and , after sending forth lightning , flames , and stones , broke up altogether . In the middle of the cone , ten craters have been formed , and from these the lava pours forth like a river , and runs on the side of the Cavallo as far as the Minatore . Here four other craters have been formed , which throw up bitumen in the manner of pyramids , and resemble gigantic exhibitions of fireworks . The whole of the summit of the crater is , therefore , like a sponge , and must inevitably fall in . " A letter from Galatz , of the 26 th ult ., in the Corriere Italiano ef Vienna , says : — " Yesterday evening , the consulates of Sweden and Norway , Holland , Naples , and the Hanse Towns , received a despatch from General Luders , dated from Kischeneff , the 19 th , notifying that the Emperor Alexander , from motives of equity , has extended the authorisation for the free export of corn Jby the mouths of the Danube to all flags friendly and neutral in the present war , on the same bases and with the same formalities as agreed upon with the Austrian Cabinet . This despatch of the Russian General is a reply to a request presented on the 2 nd April by these consulates to be informed relative to the navigation of the Lower Danube . " The Austrian Gazette contains a letter from Galatz , which states that on the 1 st May there had arrived there not less than 400 vessels , of which 120 were Austrian . A letter from St . Petersburg , in the Boersenlialle of Hamburg , states that the companj' of maritime assurances for the White Sea , formed in 1848 , has been obliged to wind up its affairs in consequence of the blockade of last year . The last detachment of the Austrian troops quartered in Tuscan y , consisting of a battalion of chasseurs , and a squadron of hussars , left Florence on the 6 th . The Grand Duke and the princes accompanied the officers a part of the way . The amendment to the Convents Suppression Bill , accepted by tlio Sardinian Government , and passed by the Senate , declares that those convents , the members of which are not devoted to the ivoilt of preaching , teaching , or ministering to the sick , no longer exist in Piedmont as moral corporations ; the estates of such religious houses -will bo appropriated to the ecclesiastical fund , from which the cure ' s receive a portion of their salaries . Members of existing religious communities will receive an allowance .
We n A ' aris correspondence ol the JJaily News : — " General Lamare , whose name will be familiar to Peninsular officora as the colonel of engineers who conducted the defence of Badajoz , has just died at Fontaineblcau , at the ago of eighty . Ho was one of the most eminent engineering officers in France . After tho peace , he was successively appointed to tho ' direction of the fortifications of I 3 ayonm ; , Rochollo , and Havre . He was at one time a prisoner of war in England , and it is narrated that Napoleon I . ( under circumstances of which I am not aware ) showed his great attachment to him , by personally providing means for hia escape . Napoleon III . appointed him in 1852 Governor of tho Palace . of Fontaiuoblcau , which post he held up to the time of his death . General Laniuro was known as tho author of several military works , and amongst others the history of the sieges of Olivcncn , Budajo / ., and Canipo-Muyor . " Wo derive tho following from tho name source : — II Government , in concert with tho municipality of Paris , has sought in the approaching Universal Exhibition an excuse for modifying , in a slight degree , tho thoroughly unsound legislation in pursuance of which tho bakers of Paris have- for a long time past been compelled to soil broad under tho market price . Tho expense incurred by tho city of Paris in making up the diHeionco to tho bak « ra haa boon frightful ; and tho season unfor-
L tunately gives no promise of coming cheapness of corn . y It is now ingeniously said , that inasmuch as the system I supposes that whenever the good time of plenty comes 1 the people will be called upon to pay a little more than 9 the value of their bread to make up for their having , eaten it at a comparatively cheap rate in time of scarcity , t it would not be just that the many foreigners expected l in Paris this year should enjoy the loaf at the artificially ; low price . Therefore the price of the 21 b . loaf is raised from 40 c . to 45 c . ; but in order to secure the benefit of the original system to the poor , tickets called " difference ; tickets" will be issued by the mayors , under certain regulations , to persons applying for them , authorising bakers to deliver bread to the persons indicated at the old price . The tickets will not be transferable , and must be renewed every fortnight . It is hoped that the abuses so much complained of formerly may be avoided . " Negotiations are still going on at Vienna , according to the papers of that city . It is said that Baron Bourqueney , Lord Westmoreland , and the Turkish plenipotentiaries , have frequent and protracted interviews with Count Buol . A conference was held at Berlin on the 12 th ( according to the German papers ) between M . Manteuffel , President of the Prussian Cabinet , Count Esterhazy , Ambassador of Austria , and M . Bismark , who represents Prussia in the Germanic Diet . A union between Austria and Prussia for an armed neutrality is said to be becoming more and more probable ; and it is added that Prussia , with a view thereto , is to support the proposition which Austria is about to make in the Diet for the mobilisation of the federal contingents . There is some prospect of an interview taking place at the end of the month at Cracow between the King of Prussia and the Emperor of Austria . A very remarkable article appears in the Siecle—an article so bold in its language towards Austria and Prussia as to induce the supposition that it must speak under Government sanction . The writer points out that Austria has done more harm by her so-called friendly offices than she could have effected by her opposition ; and she is plainly accused of aiding the enemy rather than us . The article concludes with the following startling sentence applied to Austria and Prussia : — " Against the neutrality of these powers we have nothing to oppose : against their hostility we should have the nationalities ; we should have—why should we fear to say it ?—the revolution . " The Austrian Gazette asserts that the agitation in the Ukraine is not yet suppressed . The St . Petersburg correspondent of La Presse says that the disorders are being composed by the concessions of the Government . A letter from Vienna , in the Dresden Journal , says : — " Count Coronini , who has left Bucharest for Orsova , is only gone thither on family affairs , and will return to the former place in a few days . There has lately been much talk at Bucharest of the discovery of a political conspiracy , but the persons arrested appear to be only secondary agents . It is reported that papers of a compromising character have been found in the possession of those arrested , and it is supposed that Kossuth is somewhat connected with these proceedings . " We learn from Frankfort that a despatch , dated from St . Petersburg , 30 th ult ., addressed to the Russian Minister at Darmstadt , states that Russia considers tha ^ the understanding which was come to in the Conferences of Vienna on the first two points of guarantee is a useful result for Germany . In thus separating German interests from the Eastern conflict , the Cabinet of St . Petersburg , says the despatch , relies on the States of the Confederation persisting in a strict neutrality , for it is only on that condition that Russia will consider herself bound to maintain tho interpretation which she gives to the results acquired at the Conferences of Vienna . The Corriere Italiano , of Vienna , says that the Russian Government has lately been treating Poland with remarkable leniency , and that reforms arc talked of . If this be true , it would seem that tho Czar is coaxing his Polish subjects to make them stand by him . The jSultan has signed the decree abolishing the capi- tation tax . The same decree subjects the Christian subjects of tho Sultan to the conscription , and renders them eligible for promotion in the army . A special tax will bo imposed on those who do not servo . The King of Prussia is recovering his health .
Rected For Increase Of Population, Was 1...
rected for increase of population , was 176 . Of those 225 cases , 94 were caused by bronchitis , and 95 by pneumonia ; and the close coincidence which appears in the results of the last two weeks deserves to be noticed , for each of these diseases was in the previous week fatal in 94 cases . In the colder weeks of winter , bronchitis always had a large majority . 28 persons died last week of small-pox , 8 of whom were above 20 . years of age . Scarlatina carried off 35 children , hooping-cough 47 , croup 10 , measles only 9 . The mortality from phthisis was great , 182 persons having sunk under that malady . Four deaths from scarlatina occurred in Islington East ; and a man died of " English cholera , " after a short illness , in Bethnal-green . ~ Last week , the births of 909 boys and 769 girls , in all 1678 children , were registered in London . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1845-54 , the averago number was 1472 .
. : HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Registrar-General ' s Weekly lie turn . ") This returns of mortality continue to show the efteet produced on tho public health by an ungoninl . spring . Tho number of deaths recortfed in London in tho wcuk that ended last Saturday wan 11 H 2 J , almost the same as that of tho preceding week . If the deaths had been tho name in proportion to population an , taking tho average , they wore at tho beginning of May in the ten years 1845-64 , they would not have been more than 1071 . During the last fortnight , tho excess of deaths linn boon about 15 in a day above tho estimated number . Tho mean tomporaturo has been more or lows below tho average evory day , except two , sineo tho 20 th of April , and last Saturday it was 9 degH . lows than tho averago . Tho total number of deaths referred hint wook to disonses of tho respiratory organs was 2 "fi ; tho avonigo number in corresponding weeka of previous yours , cor-
Naval And Military News. The Shipwreck O...
NAVAL AND MILITARY NEWS . The Shipwreck of the John . —The inquiry into the causes of this dreadful calamity has terminated in the following report to the Board of Trade : —" That the ship was provided with four boats , three of which were efficient , the other doubtful ; that the life-boat was neither stowed in the proper place , nor prepared for immediate service , as directed by the act , and to these circumstances , probably , the staving and loss of the lifeboat , and the delay in endeavouring to get out the long boat , are to be attributed . —That , with the exception of one signal lantern , there were no means on board the ship of making a signal of distress by night . —That , with respect to the above deviation from the provisions of the Passenger Act , we consider that the Government emigration officers and owners of the ship are culpable .- —That either from the ignorance or gross and culpable negligence of the captain , the courses steered by his orders were the direct cause of bringing the vessel on the Manacle Rocks . —That , after the vessel struck , the conduct of the captain was most reprehensible in every respect ; he appears to have taken no active means to save the lives of the passengers ; did not assist them to leave the ship ; quitted her himself whilst many passengers were still in the rigging ; and he and the mate were the only two persons who secured anything for themselves—the captain saving his cloak and the mate his quadrant . —That the chief mate appears to be ignorant of his duties and responsibilities ; and is culpable in not having personally rendered assistance to the passengers . —That the conduct of the crew , with the exception of Andrew Elder , and one or two others , appears to Lave been very bad , but would possibly have been different had a better example been set them by their officers . — That the conduct of the chief boatmen of the coast-guard and his men , and of a fisherman named James Hill , and others associated with them , in going to and taking the passengers and crew off the wreck , was highly commendable . The circumstances of this case render it our duty to suggest to your lordships , that in all passenger ships the first mate should be required to have a certificate of competency instead of one of service only ; and that the number and nature of the night signals required to be provided by the owners of passenger ships should be specified . " The Baltic Fleet , or at least the bulk of it , was at Faro Sound , according to one report , on the 9 th of May . According to another account , Admiral Dundas , with twenty-four sail , left that locality on the 8 th , and proceeded to the entrance of the Gulf of Finland . The officers and crew of the Driver report tbnt the Bay of Finland is full of ice , from Revel on the southern coast up to the Aland Alps .
' , ; , J , . J Ouk Civilisation. Dramat...
' , ; , j , . j OUK CIVILISATION . Dramatic Conclusion . — A well-dressed man was recently summoned at the Thames Police-court by a young woman whom he was alleged to have married while his first wife was yet living . The summons was with the object of affiliating a child upon him ; and tho previous marriage having been mentioned , the defendant , to avoid being given into custody for bigamy , sworo that tho woman was not his wife , and never hnd been . Upon thi . s , tho magistrate said— " As the defendant swear * lie is not married to the complainant , 1 order him to pay 2 s . 6 d . a week for the support of his illegitimate child ; al « o , tho costs and the solicitor ' s foe . " Tho man exhibited tho greatest surprise and rngo at finding himsolf thus caught in bin own trap . oi
ToitTuuiNCi Siiukt . —A man in tho employ a butcher was charged at Bow-street , on tho instance of tho Society for tho llio Prevention of Cruelty to Animate with cruelty to sheop . On tho animate showing a reluctance to being driven into his master ' s whop ho pulled them back by tho cars , threw down , knolt on their bodies , and forcing their heads backwards with grout violence , nearly suflocaUid thorn ; after which , ho dragged them in a fainting stato into tho slaughterhouse . Ho was lined 10 ri . . Ikaloii sy ani > Atticmiticd Muitwiit . —A young man has been charged at Salford with attempting to drown a young woman , named Mary Conley , to whom ho was paying court . Tho statement of tho girl herself was as follows . tSho said— " Tho prisoner hnd paid his uddresscs to hor , and on Saturday night , about eight
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 19, 1855, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_19051855/page/9/
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