On this page
-
Text (4)
-
78 *v THE LEADER. [Saturday,
-
HOMES FOR UNMARRIED LABOURERS. This is t...
-
ELEMENTARY DRAWING A BRANCH OF NATIONAL ...
-
ACHILLL versus NEWMAN. Lord Camimijom; b...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
M. Louis Blanc's Kkcknt Lecture On Socia...
mastered . M . Louis Blanc was not simply capable -of making himself understood in English ; he succeeded in making himself admired . The manner was unforced and unconstrained ; the language terse , idiomatic , and well-arranged ; and , as will be judged from his peroration , the historian of the Revolution and the orator of the Constituent has learned to trust the wings of his ambitious eloquence to our strong and searching English air . We think men of all opinions will be
glad to hail so distinguished a man of letters to the communion of our literature and language . Nothing but good can result from such a fellowship . French impetuosity , abusing perhaps occasionally both logic and declamation , will become sobered and chastened by contact with steady and practical common sense ; while moderation will learn not to disdain spirit and vivacity . After a lucid exposition of the true principles of the French Socialists , M . Louis Blanc concluded as
follows : — Those are the principles which have kindled such gTeat animosities ; which have been represented as the sinister theory of pillage and murder ; and for preaching or adoption of which so many honest men have been driven from their country , torn from their families and their friends , deprived of their property , and consigned to the hatred of mankind ! Perhaps it will seem strange that such a triumph of calumny should have been possible . But let us remember that it was the result of the most formidable propagation of falsehood ever organized . You know for what end the famous league , called in France la Rue de Poitiers , was established . This league opened a subscription , by means
of which it succeeded in collecting nearly a million francs , a sum equivalent to forty thousand pounds of your money ; and this immense sum was entirely spent in calumniating Socialism by an astonishing inundation of libels , which were distributed in profusion , and given away in every town , in- every village , even to the remotest hamlets . "What was the consequence ? Wonderful indeed , and worth to find a record in the annals of calumny ! It so happened that the enemies of socialists , the leaders of the majority in the National Assembly , were pierced bj r the very sword imprudently forged by themselves ; for it was their implacable selfishness which invested Louis Napoleon with the power that he emplo 3 ed at last to oppress them .
In hatred of Socialism , they had assisted Louis Napoleon in disarming the citizens ; in hatred of Socialism , they had allowed Louis Napoleon to assemble around Paris more than a hundred thousand soldiers , instructed through our infamous Algerian war to act as wild beasts ; in hatred of Socialism , they had robbed the nation of universal suffrage , and thus placed Louis Napoleon in a condition to draw over the people by restoring what bad been stolen : stupid and fatal victories ! When they thought they had put Socialism down , and they could get the mastery , they found an enemy where they looked for a tool . Louis Napoleon seized on Paris by dint of falsehoods and assassinations ; and as it is enough , for enslaving France , to enslave Paris , they were crushed by the very tyranny of which they had so blindly collected the materials .
Now , it remains to be seen whether , in that fearful struggle which is not at an end , you may depend on it , the otruggle of truth against error , of light against darkness , of right against might , Louis Napoleon will succeed better than those of whom lie was first an accomplice , then the conqueror . But what ! It is not true that Franco has accepted the yoke of that man . No , this is hot true , in spite of all reports made by papers bought or terrified . If lie had really been considered by the whole of France as her necessary . saviour , would he have been obliged , in order to obtain the supreme power on the 2 nd of December , to imprison the representative's of the people , to massacre bo many peaceful citizens , to ( ill every street in Paris with drunken soldiers , to tinge every paving-stone with innocent blood , to proscribe virtue , eloquence , and genius ?
Had ho really been elected by soveri millions of votes , representing seven millions of families , —that is the whole of France , —would ho be obliged now , on pain of being immediately burled down , to maintain an army of five hundred thousand hired killers , to stab the liberty of the Pre . su , to count , by bin thousands of spies , tho beatings of tho heart of France , and to awe around himself every one into silence , no that no breath could bo heard but Inn own P Such a situation i . s too violent to last . 1 think I know my country . Consequently , I know that . she in enamoured ot grandeur . If , invested as ho is with mi unexampled power , Louis Napoleon proveH incapable ! of uceompliHhing great tliingH , he will not eHeape universal contempt , and to fling him down , nothing more its required . Now , will lie attempt to realize Socialism , the true tank of our century ? No , because Socialism in essentially inconfii . stent with the dominion of a wingle man , and cannot possibly exist where liberty and dignity of human nature nro not .
Will Louis Napoleon an ]> ire to tho blood y glory of war ? But as noon uh he had war before hiniHelf , he would have revolution at Iiik back , and , on the other hand , how could ho succeed whero the most extraordinary genius , after a prodigious scries of triunipliH , no miserably failed ? Tho time of comments in decidedly panned . One day , two men met . One said to the other ,--- " Von shall have Kuropean Turkey , and all the conquewtH which your armies shall jimlio in AhIh . Ah to me , 1 shall make myself master oi Spain and Portugal ; 1 shall re-unite Rome and her dependcneioH to the kingdom of Italy ; I shall poHHONS Malta ; 1 shall invade ICgypt ; the Mediterranean filiall know only your ships and my own . That is well understood . You take the Kiwi ,, and leave the Went to me" Since that , the Kmporor Alexander went and Hank with languor in a wild region , whero lie wiih often heard exclaiming , "I sliall fall by tho corner of uume wood , and no one will think
of it . " How the other died , and where he died . . . . who knows not ? > t What , then ! will Louis Napoleon limit Bimselt to imitate his uncle in having an enormous civil list , in making himself called your Majesty , in occupying a palace , in creating lords , chamberlains , and pages ? In that way , imitation is too ridiculous not to be dangerous . It is said , in a very interesting French fable , that , a ship having been wrecked , a dolphin—you know that dolphins arc reputed to be very fond of human species—took on his back one of the passengers , who wall on the point of being drowned ; but , after going a little way , the dolphin wishing to converse with his protSge , he perceived that he had mistaken a monkey for a man , and indignantly sunk the monkey in the sea . So will France do , as soon as she comes to say , the new Empire is despotism , without glory ; ridiculous lords and their embroideries , without heroes and their
scars ; courtiers over our heads , without the world at our feet ; it is a great name , without a great man ; it is the Empire , without the Emperor .
78 *V The Leader. [Saturday,
78 * v THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
Homes For Unmarried Labourers. This Is T...
HOMES FOR UNMARRIED LABOURERS . This is the title of a small pamphlet on a subject of great importance ( socially and politically ) to every agricultural district in the three kingdoms ; nor can it be a matter of indifference to our townships , great and small , when it is remembered that " the unmarried labourers" are the stuff out of which , for the most part , the soldiers , sailors—the moveable and excitable masses —the neck-or-nothing folks , and the criminal classes of England , are made . They have not yet " given hostages to Fortune , " and being not too old . to learn , may be taught successfully the best way of winning that lady's favour , and retaining their own esteem into the bargain . The pamphlet in question is composed of three letters , by Mr . Arthur Hallam Elton , addressed to the Bristol Mercury ; the first bearing date Oct . 13 th , 1852 . In this first letter Mr . Elton states with force and brevity the discomforts and temptations which beset the daily life of young unmarried men in villages : — " Nature , even in the roughest organizations , peremptorily demands some sort of diversion and refreshment . There is little recreation for a village youth , except such as is mischievous and sinful . Consider him of a winter ' s evening ; his work over , sauntering down the street , tired and chilly . Home has no great attractions for him ; the cottage is small , and the children troublesome ; the fire is diminutive ; the solitary candle is lighted late , and extinguished early . He finds himself in the way at home ; he treads on the children , amidst an explosion of screams ; is perpetually taking his father ' s chair by the
chimney-corner ; is constantly leaving dirty thumb-marks on tlie fine linen bis mother is getting up for the squire ' s lady . If he goes to bed oarly , his elder brother , who sleeps with him , awakes him an hour after with a kick ; if late , he is scolded by his mother for disturbing the four children , who sleep in the next bed to . his own . He saunters down the villago street , and sees the red light of a blazing fire through the windows of the beer-shop . He hears jovial voices , and possibly the sound of a fiddle . He stops , hesitates , turns in , and ia soon seated by the fire with a pot of bad beer before him . But it is not so much the beer as the warmth , and light , and companionship which he seeks . Sottish habits may spring up , but at first it would seem , to bo chiefly a natural craving for ordinary comfort that draws
him to one of the only places where ho finds a friendly greeting ; where he bears voices more cheering than the austere master ' s shout , or the whine of children , and can forget the toils of the past day . Thus his only consolations are such as are derived from bad companions and dangerous habits . It is natural he should acquire low and brutal tastes , whilst he loses the better feelings of his earlier years . He begins to look at those whom Tie once regarded as his benefactors not merely with indifference , but with Rour discontent . He is at first ashamed to meet his clergyman , but shame wears off and ho becomes reckless ; and , finally , often hardens into a state of stupid apathy , or surly hostility to every one who ia better off than himself . "
He then discusses the difficulty of the clergyman in gaining and exercising authority over young agricultural labourers , especially in largo parishes ; and he ends the letter by mentioning some laudable attempts made by the Jtev . E . Onmmnney , of Chew Magnu , and Ihe ltev . Henry Thompson , of Wrington , to draw the attention of their brother clergymen and of landed proprietors to the practicability of establishing lodging or hoarding houses for young agricultural labourers . A particular plan for this purpose , submitted to the Chew . Decimal Chapter , then follows , which for varioiiH reasons Mr . lOlton does not approve thoroughly . In tho « i ; cond
letter he states the grounds of his disapproval , in our eyes they are good and sufficient . There should bo nothing of charity , or of patronage and dependence , in any such establishment . To work well , it must bo selfsupporting , and free from the interference and formal coercion of any religious body , whether orthodox or dissenting . Mr . lOlton ' s own plan has the advantage of simplicity , facility of trial , and provision for that " glorious privilege of being independent , " which overy British heart yearns for , whether it boat beneath fustian or siqMirUue broadcloth . Wo give the general outline of thin plan : —
" Lot a hoiiHO be built or rented capable of containing , by way of commencement , Home twelve or eighteen lodgers , each of whom ehould have a ponarulo bodrooin , however
young man would be able to get a clean , comfor - room at as cheap a rate as he would have to pay elsewhere for one noisy and dirty . In the hall the lodgers would take their meals , which would be cooked by the woman of the house at a trifling charge . They might , if they pleased , contract for board with her , paying weekly what was agreed upon , or they might cater for themselves . Those in regular work would probably have their victuals together , according to the same scale ; but their meals would be ux correspondence with their earnings , and they ^ ° ^> M ** were , cut their coa ' t according to their cloth . We will suppose the establishment to be set on foot by the influential residents in the parish ; these would form a committee for the primary organization and general management ot the concern . "
table bed small , to himself . A good-sized hall or living room , a kitchen , and other offices would occupy the ground-floor , whilst the bedrooms would be above . A couple ot rooms would be allotted to a steady man and his wife , who should have the charge of the whole establishment . 1 HO inmates would simply pay for their lodging and washing . They would provide their own food . Iron bedsteads , witb straw mattresses , would be fixed in each bedroom , and . there would be a certain quantity of strong plain iurniture required for the hall , besides kitchen utensils , & c . in © regulations of the house ( for some regulations there must be ) should be few and simple . The whole establishment would be conducted ostensibly on a business principle . A
The rest of this letter , and the whole of the one which follows it , show how carefully and how broadly Mr . Elton has considered the evils to be avoided in the ordinary condition of the young labourer , and how they may be avoided , and in part destroyed , by the establishment of judicious homes , provided with the means of recreation and instruction as well as with comfortable bed and board . We sincerely hope that this gentleman ' s benevolent exertions may lead to the improvements he so much desires .
Elementary Drawing A Branch Of National ...
ELEMENTARY DRAWING A BRANCH OF NATIONAL EDUCATION . A ciBCnxAB has recently been issued from the Committee of Council on Education to the authorities of the several training schools under inspection , calling their attention to the steps which have been taken towards organizing local means of instruction in drawing , as part of elementary education . The circular proceeds to state that— x " It hashoweveroccurred to my Lords of the Education
, , Committee , and to their Lordships of tho Board of Trade , that the various training schools for masters and mistresses , which are under inspection , are the points at which tho most effectual impetus can be given to tho promotion of the object in view . My Lorda have felt sure that tho authorities of the institutions in question appreciate the importance of this object , and will not have been slow to avail themselves of the means already at their disposal , for obtaining supplies of apparatus , and the services of competent instructors . "
And an intention is announced of causing an inspection to take place into the system of drawing which may be pursued in the training schools . " My Lords would contemplate it as one of tho results to follow in time from this step , that evidence of a certain , proficiency in drawing should bo afforded b y each student on account of whoso examination tho training school receives a grant , and their Lordships would expect each training school , desirous of receiving Queen ' s scholars , tomako adequate provision for imparting this branch of instruction .
" In like manner my Lords might , sooner or later , regard it as improper to sanction the apprenticeship of pupil teachers to masters or mistresses who had neglected to profit by the means now about to bo mode generally available for acquiring a practical knowledge of elementary drawing . " You will observe that elementary drawing is mentioned both in the minutes of 181 ( 3 and in tho earliest document explanatory of them , as ono of tho subjects in which an apprentice ought to be instructed , and as one of the attainments to be expected in a cortilieated teacher . not to
" My Lords would , however , be most careful enforce any requirements of this nature until ample timer hiul boon allowed for making the necessary provision to meet them . They desire , however , emphatically to record their opinion that tho power of accurately delineating tho forms of objects ought no longer to be regarded as an accomplishment only , or tho result of some rare natural aptitude , but as an essential part of education . " This circular was issued before tin ; late change of Ministry , but there can be no doubt that ; the intention will bo fully carried out undid- the present ( jovcrinnent .
Achilll Versus Newman. Lord Camimijom; B...
ACHILLL versus NEWMAN . Lord Camimijom ; beard arguments in thin ease thin week . Sir Frederick Thesiger and Sir Fitzroy Kelly appeared , and showed catipe why a new triul should not . be granted . At great length Sir Frederick Thufuger entered minutely into the evidence taken on the trial , pointing- out , the individual cases , and declaring them unsuHtuinod . He argued that , from 182 (> to 18 ! M < , Dr . Achilli occupied high and important posts in the Catholic Church , and therefore it was improbable that ho should have been guilty of the crinKiu imputed to him at Viterbo ; or led an immoral life , and at the sum * time ei \ joyed the esteem and confidence of bin superiors . Ho dismissed tho chargo of dobuudnng the young
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 22, 1853, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22011853/page/6/
-