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Mis 22, 1852.1 THE LEADER. 483
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ON FRENCH SOCIALISM. "WHA.T IT IS, AND I...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Continental Notes. M. Gbavkbb Bu Oabbaon...
¦¦ tUa' -Hfaies three distinct charges against General Chanr £ aL Krst , he says : —" In March , 184 S , General Chan-^ ornier applied to Prince Louis Napoleon for a -written aiutlMWizatidn to throw the Constituent Assembly out of the windrwv Secondly , at theperiod of creating the great military JJnmsinas , General Changarnier again ^ -urged : with energy ¦ theittecessity of a coup d ? 4 tat ; and , as Prince Louis Napoleon g ^ ed these overtures with great coolness , the general ^ nnvpl ained aloud before the ministers , declaring that there «« t 3 nothing to be done with that Thomas Biqfoirus ; * ^ ed thirdly , in November ,. 1850 , when the Alais trial was ' ^ oinff on General Changarnier assembled at the Tuileries , !
, $ One of the drawing-rooms given to him by the President with the command of the army of Paris , a number of political personag es , to whom he proposed to arrest Louis jfapoleon , and to send him to yineennes ; to shut up the legislative Palace , by proroguing the Assembly for six months ; and to assume himself the dictatorship . Amongst ithe persons thus convoked and present was Count Mole " , who refused to take part in such , treason , and who immediately informed the head of the state of what had taken place . In fine , two years running . General Gliangarnier persecuted Prince Louis Napoleon to obtain from him a ¦ written order to drive away the Assemblies . "
Count Mole" has sent the following peremptory denial « of the assertion with which his name is so unwarrantably rtjoupled : — - ( To the Editor of the Cowttitutionnel . ) « Sib , — -I have just read in your journal an article in i-which my name is mixed up in the most disgraceful . manner with facts which I declare to be completely false . " I was never present at the meeting at the Tuileries , of which that article speaks , and I affirm that to my knowledge nothing of the kind took place . As to the part of ( denunciator , wMch I am made to play on leaving that ¦ meeting—I shall only make one remark—it is an infamous add
( Calumny . I willj moreover , , that so much audacity in iinsult , and sd much boldness in outrage , injures the cause which it is pretended to serve . Erance seldom forgets the services which are rendered to her ; but if she could cease to remember them , insult and calumny would instantly sreyive the remembrance of them in her memory and in Iher heart . It certainly is not either of myself or of my own career that 1 ^ speak thus . They are the reflections -which have arisen in my . mind , from reading ; the article entitled e M . Changarnier etM . Be liamoriciere . ' I beg jour insertion of this letter , and hay & the honour to be , & c , ( Signed ) " Moi , e . " Paris , May 18 , 1852 . "
The journals are cautioned , r ^ gainst admitting false reports under , cover of an o »< dit , which will not protect them from the consequences . of infringing that article of the Press Law , which forbids and punishes insertion of false inteUigence . This caution is , of course , intended to prevent the insertion of any . rumours , however well founded ( such as the Tjmperor of Russia ' s demand of reimbursement of stoc ^) , of a complexion unfavourable to Government . The secretary of the Archbishop of Paris has , by his desire , addressed the following letter to the Presse- — " You have . been incorrectly informed in announcing that the ArcJj . bisb . OTj of Paris had given his benediction on in of St to of
Saturday la ^ t the church . Eustaehe busts the Prince President of the Republic . The Archbishop had been ear nestly entreated by the forts of the Halle to be present , at the mass which they caused to be celebrated on that f ( ay . Not being able to comply with their request , he promised them that , in going to administer the sacrament at a neighbouring church , he would attend at the < md of the mass , and give them his blessing . This is what iche Archbishop did after addressing to them some words of paternal advice , but he never blest any bust . It is not the custom of tho Church to bless the busts of living persons . It only blesses them after death , when they have been placed amoncr the number of the saints , "
The Presse says there ifl not the slightest truth in the statement that M . Proudhon has arrived at Havre on his way to the United States . He has , adds the Presse , only a fortnight more to remain in pr ison to complete the three years to which he was sentenced , and ho has no intention to quit Paris . Tho marriage of M . do Persigny with the daughter of * he Prince de la Moskowa ia fixed for this day . The obaioauof Fontainebleau is to bo placed at the disposal of M . do Persigny and his bride during the honeymoon . M . Tortoul is to bo Minister of tho Interior ad interim , during tho absence of M . de Persigny . The new law on Customs Duties before the Council of State- removes tho duties on raw materials for ship building and on crockery ware .
General Parchappo has prosentod to tho Legislative Body a report in the namo of the committee charged to examine tho bill authorizing a lovy in 1868 of 80 , 000 men of tho class of 1852 . Tho report states that , in order to keep up the armed forco of Franco at 600 , 000 mon , it is necess ary to coll out 80 , 000 , as has boon dono annually for twonty years past ; and , as an addi tional reason for tho lov y » it nays—" Foreign countries do not reduce thoir wmioB . England fools groat anxiety witf * respect to our progress , and thejirm and becoming attitude of the country , Ivor Chambora have voted subsidies for tho organization of a numerous militia and tho increase of tho navy . ¦ In Austria , tho novoroigh of that ompiro and tho Emperor ° " UuBsiii havo passed in review tho troops assomblod at Vienna . "
"I montionod ( writes tho correspondent of tho pallp Jxotoa ) that Louis Napoleon had boon aocampaniod in his view of tho gallory of Marshal Soult by M . Ifortoul , tho Jmiuator of Publics Instruction . A Bpoooh jb roportod to * no by a person who was prosont on tins occasion , as liaving boon uttorod by this miniator , which affords ; an excellent * 08 t of tho civilization of some of tho highest functionaries ot tho , proaent Govornmont . Louis Napoleon paused bo-1 (» ' « tho famous « Concoption of tho'Virgin / of Murillo , * A Kidiouioufl character in Molifoe'e Malado Imogimire *
the pearl of the collection , and asked M . Tortdul his opinion of it . The Minister of Public Instruction , I hear , replied— ' Mon , Prince , n'dctietezpas tine crodte comme celle-la ; je vous trouverai mngt brosseursa Paris qui vous enferaient mieux quf ) . fa . " This assurance reminds one of the famous blunder of the Roman Consul Mummius , who , when he was informed of the destruction of the famous pictures and statues in the sack of Corinth , said that he would order fresh ones to be executed . The modern Athenians , as the Parisians style themselves , laugh quite as heartily at the taste of M . Fortoul as the ancient ones did at the barbarism of the Roman consul . "
The Emperor of Russia left Vienna on the night of the 11 th ins t . & r Berlin , by way of Prague , where he stopped to pay a visit to the ex-Emperor Ferdinand . On the evening of the 12 th inst . he reached Dresden , where he was received at the railway station by the king . On the 13 th inst . he was at Leipsic , and on the evening of the 16 th inst . be reached Potsdam , having taken the route from Weimaf . by Halle to Magdeburg , On the 17 th a grand review was to take place at Potsdam : and the Emperor was not expected at Berlin till the 18 th or 19 th . Count Nesseirode was to meet him at Potsdam . After attending the anniversary of the marriage of Prince Charles of Prussia , at Potsdam , the Emperor
proceeds to Warsaw to attend the military manoeuvres . In the month of July the Czar is to return to Potsdam for the Empress , who , in the meantime , will be taking the baths at Schlangenbad . During his stay at Vienna , a review , a manoeuvre , a Prater-promenade , a grand tattoo executed by six military bands and a couple of dozen of extra drums , and three visits to the court theatre , afforded the public very favourable opportunities of seeing the Emperor . One evening ( writes the Vienna correspondent of the Times ) he went to the Burg Theatre , which may be styled the high school of the legitimate German drama . In the piece given— -a comedy entitled The Prison—the gaoler calms the fears of one of his pr isoners lest his name should become known by the assurance that , like all persons committed to his care , he has a number but no name . The
whole audience must have thought of Siberia , for every opera-glass was suddenly directed to the Imperial box . The eyes and mouth of the Emperor underwent no change whatever , but a slight contraction of the skin around the former showed that he was suppressing a smile . The " particular policy of Germany , and the general policy of Europe , " are reported to have been the subjects of discussion at Vienna between the two monarchs and then * - counsellors . Prince Metternich ( writes the last quoted correspondent ) " takes a great part in the conferences . Notwithstanding his great age , he is still- ( the letters I quote from Bay ) as active , as ardent , as devoted to work as he ever had been . The Emperor Nicholas has
in no wise ceased to cherish for him the same esteem , and to manifest the same respect for his counsels as before . It is also known that friendship of an ancient date subsists between M .. de Nesseirode and M . de Metternich . The new Minister of Foreign Affairs of Austria , Count Buol , participates in the ideas of the two statesmen with whom he is associated . M . de Buol is the son of the former President of the Germanic Diet , and the father-in-law of M . de Mayendorfly actual Minister of Russia at Vienna . The Emperor Nicholas has much confidence in M . de Buol , whom he had seen at the Dresden Conferences . The Earl of Westmoreland , the British Ambassador at the Court of Vienna , eave a grand ball on the 13 th in
honour of the Queen ' s birthday , at _ which several members of the Imperial family were present . In Hanover , the Constitution of September , 1848 , granted by the late king , is to be stripped of all its liberal provisions by the present reactionary government . On the 14 th , a message to this effect was communicated to the First Chamber . Among the most essential are the following proposals of the Government : To strike out , as contradictory of the monarchical principle , tho article which provides that the monarch , on succeeding to tho throne , shall pledge his royal word to maintain the constitution ; to strike out those provisions which violate the fundamental idea of a Christian state , and to withdraw from the
judicial courts the power of deciding then * own competency . The Legislature is to bo re-constituted on a very narrow basis of rank , wealth , and privilege ; and both Houses may be dissolved . Those measures aro to bo presented in a regular way to tho Chambers for acceptance ; and in case of rejeotion , to bo offected by ordinances , with an appeal to the Diet . Ah oxtonsivo conflagration at Dantzic , by which several mills have boon destroyed ^ has burnt also tho waterworks by which tho town fountains were partly supplied . Local tradition ascribes the construction of theBe works to tho groat astronomer , Copernicus . Four lives were lost in tho There is a ministerial crisis at Turin . Ratazzi , tho chief of tho moderate Opposition , having been elected to tho Presidency of tho Chamberin tho p laco of Pinolli ,
de-, ceased : the Marquis d'Azoglio resigned ; and Count Oavour was intrusted with tho formation of a now cabinet ; but a telegraphic mossago , dated the 17 th , announces that tho latter having boon unablo to form a ministry , tho Marquis d'Azeglio has been recalled . The Chambers will probably bo dissolved . Lottors from Rome of tho 10 th inst ., stato that tho Grand Dukos of Russia . had loft that city on tho Otli . Tho French had viod with tho Pontifioal authorities in paying thorn all civil and military honours . Onlho Oth of May , tho long expected abolition of tho Tuscan Constitution was docrood . Tho conclusion of tho preamblo to tho decree is in tlicso words : — ,
" And whoroas no vostigo of tho representative regimen exists any longer in tho greator part of Italy , wo may infer that the majority of tho Tuscans , remembering tho ropoao and prosperity thoy ao long enjoyed , and taught by unhappy experience , aro inducod to hope , from tho consohoation of power and order , tho development of tho welfare ot tho country , rather than to desire tho royivftl of a form ot
government which neither accords witl the national institutions nor with the manners of our peoplci , and was only productive of evil whilst it continued in vigour . At a moment when the real welfare of'the country andgeneral circumstance require that the Government of the State should be redinstructed on the same basis as before 1848 , we have firmly resolved to promulgate the following measures , and we assure the Tuscans that , until our last hour , our most grateful solicitude shall be to develepe , by ati means , in our beloved country , all the moral and civil advantages they ore entitled to enjoy . Thus may God assist us , secure to us a power derived from the cordial confidence of our beloved people , and impress us with the idea that the new re-organization of Tuscany , by augmenting the prerogatives or the Government , renders also more weighty the burden of our duties . "
The decree itself runs thus : — "¦ Art . 1 . The statute promulgated on the 16 th February , 1848 , is abolished . Art . 2 . The Royal authority resuming the full exercise of power , the Ministers , as councillors of the Prince and executors of his orders , become again responsible to the Grand Duke alone , and countersign all his sovereign acts . Art . 3 . Matters of public law , specified in the first chapter of said statute , shall be regulated conformably to the principles and rules resulting from the laws in vigour in the Grand Duchy , previous to the publication of said statute , with the exception of what is expressed in
the present decree . Art . 4 . The law on the press shall be revised , so as to establish a system calculated to guarantee efficaciously the respect due to religion , to morality , and public order . Art . 6 . The National Guard is definitively and generally abolished . Art . 6 , The Council of State , ' inaugurated On the 15 th March , 1848 , is maintained , but is to be independent of the Council of Ministers . A new decree shall fix its attributes in a more precise manner . Art . 7 . The communal law , decreed on the 20 th of November , 1849 , and which was only intended as an experiment , shall be revised and receive the modifications commanded
by experience . " Given on the 6 th of May , 1852 . "( Signed ) Leopold . " Countersigned by the President of the Council , G-. Balaasseroni , and the Minister Secretary of State of the Department of Justice , N . Lami . " The Conservatore Constituzionale of Florence has as sumed the name of Gorriere delV Anno .
Mis 22, 1852.1 The Leader. 483
Mis 22 , 1852 . 1 THE LEADER . 483
On French Socialism. "Wha.T It Is, And I...
ON FRENCH SOCIALISM . "WHA . T IT IS , AND IS NOT . Letter VII . A COMMON instrument of calumny employed by adversaries to make Socialism hateful to every generous heart , has been the false pretence that the end assigned to human life by the Socialists was this—the pursuit of happiness ; the word happiness being understood in the sense of purely material and selfish enjoyment . Now it happens that the man who has most eloquently and most powerfully combated this theory , and stigmatized this definition , is one of those " systemmakers" so bitterly accused—my illustrious friend , Pierre Leroux . I have before me his book on Humanity . The entire introduction to this work is devoted to the examination of this question of Happiness . I quote the precise words of Pierre Leroux on this subject : — " No ! the aim of every human creature is not happiness , defined as it is in the first axiom of Voltaire—that is to Bay , in tho sense of individual satisfaction . Human beings are not created to bo happy , but to live , and to develope themselves in following after a certain type of perfection . Nothing can bo finer , nothing more noble , more profound in feeling than the manner in which Pierre IJeroux demonstrates this proposition . He commences by inquiring if it bo true that absolute happiness exists , and ho cites all the philosophers of past tunes to reply to the question . All , with a common accord , render
him this tragic answer—No ! At ono time it is the Greek poet who calls life the shadow of a dream ; at another , it is tho Christian apostle , struck with the universal grief prevailing throughout nature , who exclaims , " Tho whole creation groans . " Epicurus , in the midst of his gay philosophy , confessed that our greatest contentment resides in tho memory ; and Anacreon himself , ns ho sat ot tho banquet-table , his brow crowned with flowers , found the cicala happier than nwn ! When Sliukspearo , under the cloak of Hamlet , harshly repelled the love of his betrothed , did he not acknowledge tho vanity of human happiness P After having glanced at a long series of the moat striking testimonies , Pierre Leroux discourses in a strain of sad and tender eloquence as follows :
" Lot us then frankly confess that real happiness is denied us , at least in our present life . How mdood could we hopo to find it in this life , and , as w « say , upon this oarth , whoro grief and death abide ? All that wo lovo being per ishable , wo aro thus exposed by our lovo to continual flufl ' oring . Not to suffer , then , must bo , nofc to lovo . But to bo without lovo is the death of the soul , tho moat dreadful of deatliB , tho true death , So tlion , whother wo depart out of ouraolves to bocomo attached to some oxtorior objoot , or whother wo detach ourselves from all the objeots that tho world offers to our lovo , wo aro assured of Buffering . But it is not only becauso nil worldly objects aro changeful and perishable , that wo suffer ; it . is even more bocaueo they aro so miserably imperfect that thoy can novor satisfy our thirst of happiness . And it is not Ho Pawnanitj , vol . i . p . 40 , Introduction .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 22, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22051852/page/7/
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