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    538 The Leader and Saturday Analyst. [Ju...

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    THE PAPAL QUESTION SOLVED BY NAPOLEON TH...

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    A French Invasion. T He Long-Tallced-Of ...

    beforehand—how many troops are coming , at what points they will disembark , and when " they may be expected to sit down before "London . We know all these ' ¦ particulars respecting the invasion which is to take place on Sunday next ; and we are fully prepared to meet it , though our fleet is declared to be ¦ totally inadequate for the protection of our shores , our arsenals wholly undefended , and our forts mere empty shams and pretences . To relieve the alarm of any reader who may have been perusing- Lord Oveksto > 'e ' s startling ' picture of . the sack of London , we may as well state at once that the army which is to invade us on Sunday next is composed , not of chasseurs and zouaves , but of musicians , members of L'Orpheon , an amalgamation of all the musical societies of Fiance : and their object in laying siege to London is not to make us all

    Frenchmen , and plunder the Bank , but to subdue us , as their classic godfather is said to have subdued the stocks and stones , with melodious music . The general of this invading army of harmonists is the well-known HI . Epgbke Delapokte , and he and the Directors of the Crystal Palace are the parties to the compact which has decreed us to musical enslavement for one week . The society of which M . Delapoete is the head is the largest of the kind in the world . It numbers in all 30 , 000 members , and its various branches are spread over every nook and corner of France . Ail classes are represented in its ranks—gentlemen , shop-keepers , artisansand workmen . - Of course it was found impossible to

    , bring over the whole " 30 , 000 , and so M . Delapokte is content to face us with a tithe of that number . The campaign is to be short , sharp , and decisive . The army of ¦ Orph . eonhsts will arrive in London on Sunday night , and take possession of . all the spare beds in the neighbourhood of Leicester-square . Early next morning they will march iipon Sydeiiham , and prepare for the assault upon British ears in the afternoon . ThisTwill be continued on Tuesday and Thursday ; and on Wednesday , Friday , and Saturday the town wilt be given tip to the mercy of the invaders . The Bank , the Mint ,, the Houses of Parliament , St . James ' s Palace , and the British Museum , will all surrender to the invadersat

    discretion . As Lord Ovebstoxe observes , there is no help for us when tilings have come to this pass . We . .. must yield up everything without a grumble . And so we shall . We shall show these Frenchmen what freedom is . They will find out for the first time in their lives ' { Tint they can go about where they please without a passport , and without being watched by a gendarme They will see a city ; crowded / by an industrious population , living in unrestricted freedom , under a popular constitutional Government * - ' . 'They ; - - \ vill . see . li . o . w commerce , unrestricted by arbitrary law Si hag become ^ the material bond - ^ by which all classes are held together ; and , above all , they will learn that the Government is in the 'bunds <> f tlte nation , and not the prerogative of ah autocratic and irresponsible chief . We cannot help thinking that this friendly invasion will provei ' . more effectual than any number of forts round London in protecting us against the hostile designs of our neighbours . - We only regret that M . Delapoete cannot

    bring over the whole of his Orpheonists . With 30 , 000 missionaries who had been witnesses of our institutions , going back to carry into every corner of France a true account of our freedom and — "pTOspeTityT—we— -m-Jgflit—hope—Xhat ^ -maiLy ., —of . —tliose __ £ ixaneQjja notions " which still tend to estrange the sympathies of the two nations would soon be dispelled . The bare announcement of ill . Dexaportu ' s project has already been productive of the best effect on both sides of the Channel . The moment the two nations come down from the high horse of dynastic policy to contemplate questions of social intercourse , they become men and brothers . It is only the projects of ambitious rulers that inflame their jealousies , and provoke antagonism . It is evident from the tone of the French journals that Frenchmen attach as much importance to this visit as Englishmen do , and that they are equally anxious for opportunities to cultivate our acquaintance , and draw closer the bonds of alliance and friendship . .

    The Sihcle , which can be ' very fierce on questions connected with our governmental policy abroad , meets us here on the common ground . of brotherhood , aud fervently expresses a hope that these three thousand artisans will , . carry . back with them to France juster notions of Great Britain than have hitherto obtained ; and M , Auguste Lucjiet describes , in characteristic language , the reunion as " a bridge of fraternity thrown across from one country to the other , the electric cable of humanity—a conductor of peace , union , and happiness . "

    May it be so ! In the mean tune , while Lotus Napoleon , and not the French nation , is muster of liYiniee , it may bo well if we keep our powder dry ; so that when a hostile invasion takes place , we may be prepared to meet it us complacently and with us ¦ liLt ' lo misgiving as we ( shall meet the three thousand Orpheonists at the Crystal Palace- on Monday . As to the occupation of London by French 11 icn on any terms but those of landlord und tenant , wo will say with Lord Ovkustone , " Wo oiumot contemplate or trace to its boriKeqVio [ i (;( js siicli a " supposition . It must Jlevor bo ; it must never be . "

    538 The Leader And Saturday Analyst. [Ju...

    538 The Leader and Saturday Analyst . [ June 23 , 1 S 6 Q .

    The Papal Question Solved By Napoleon Th...

    THE PAPAL QUESTION SOLVED BY NAPOLEON THE FIRST , ABOUT half a century ago the Papal question was the order of the dny . Another Napoleon whs seated on the thr , otiu of Prance , in the lull tide of success and triumph of victory . Another Pius was Pontiff ut . the Vatican , under the patronage of French legions ; and , strungo to hay , another Antonelli wuh the lending udvisor of the Popr . The city of Home , too , und the Pupul fStntcw ,

    were in a condition of general discontent and disaffection ; but , unibrtunatelv , this latter circumstance is one of too constant occurrence , to afford any clue as to the date of the period in question . In the vear of grace 180 o , the enemies of Napoleon- were ipso facto our fiiends ; ' and in consequence the Pope , who was known to be hostile to France , became somewhat of a popular character . amongst us . Indeed , Pius VII . was looked on here rather in . the Ho-bt of a martyr and a hero . It is only of late years that this feelin < - has worn off , and that we , as a nation , have begun to doubt whether , in his struggle with the Papacy , the " Corsican usurper , ' as it was the fashion then to style him , may not have been m the ri « -ht aftor all . Considerable light has been thrown upon this question by the recent publications of certain private State papers , which remained in the possession of Count Aldixi , the Minister of Italian Affairs under the great Eaiperor . It is the pith of these papers , in so far as they bear on the Papal question , to which

    we wish to call attention . There had long been subjects of dissension between the Papal and the Imperial Governments . At last , in 1806 , these dissensions came to an open rupture . On the 1 st of June in that year , Count Aldixi wrote a despatch , by order of the Empeeok , to complain , of the avowed hostility displayed by the Papal Court against the system of legislation introduced into the kingdom of Italy , and of the private intrigues carried on by Cardinal AsrTOJfEfcLi . In this despatch occur these words , which at the present day read strang-ely appropriate : — , " His Majesty cannot behold without indignation , how tnat authority , which was appointed by God -to ' maintain order und obedience on earth , employs the most perilous weapons to spread disorder and discord . "

    This appeal to the conscience of the Vatican remained of course without effect , and things only grew worse . At the end of the same year Napoleon published at Berlin his famous decrees - for the blockade of England , and the exclusion of all English-merchandise Whether justly or unjustly ,, the Court of Rome was suspected by BtTO ^ APAiiTE of not keeping up the blockade ( the most unpardonable of all political -offence ' s i" his eyes ) . At last , by a decree' of the 2 nd April , 1808 , he ¦ . removed the Marches from the Pap ; il Government / and annexed them to the kingdom of Italy . The Legations , by the \ % Viiy , " had *" fbrinedT ) art of that kingdom since the treaty of "T olentino . ~~ - - ' .:

    This experiment proved unsuccessful . Napoleon" soon discovered , what his successor is also likely to learn , that the real evil of-the Papal Government consisted not in its territorial extent , but in the admixture of teniporal and spiritual authority ; that , in fact ,-its powei ~ ofworking mischief wus if anything , m inverse proportion -to its size . With that rapidity of res . olntio . which formed half his power , he resolved at once to suppressihe temporal power of the Popes , and gave instructions to Count Ai / piNl to draw up the necessary decrees . The Emperor was then on the eve of departure for the Spanish peninsula ; and it was during the harassing reverses ' of . his fortunes in Spain that the following report of Aldixi was perused by him : — "Sire , —Your Imperial . and- Royal Majesty has considered that the time is come to fix the destinies of Borne . - ^^^ n ^ aT ^^^^^''^^^"^ - ^ > - ^^»» J » P--iviiiiCli . amidst the diverge

    governments that Rome has had during modern times , is nicsfc adapted for her actual circumstances , while retaining the character of a free government . " It appears from hisfory , that Cukscenzius governed ltonie lor many years with tho title of Patrician and Consul . "Pope JOHN XV . having appealed against him to the Emperor Otho , the appeal was dismissed , and Crkscicxzius was confirmed in his office , and caused to swear allegiance to the Emperor . "The supreme dominion of the Emperors over Rome was exercised without contradiction throughout all the dynasty of the OTHO 9 and Conrads , und only became assailed under FREmcuieic I . "Afterwards , amidst the multitude of Italian republics , tho Roman republic was restored for a time , and in tho 13 th Ci-mury had lor the head of its government a Ma . tteo of the Oksini family . with the title of Senator , in honour of whose memory a medal-was struck . ,. . '¦¦ . ' .

    "For a long period the Kings of Naples , of the Ahjou race , were Senators of Rome . "Pope Nicholas III . retained tho Senatorial dignity for himself , and by a bull of 12 ( 58 forbade tho election of any Senator , without tho saihction of the Pope . " From this date all the Senators of Rome have been nominated by the Popes , and were never permitted to be foreigners . " Besides the Sonator , there was a Council , called the " Consorvatori . " Tho members of this council wero chosen from amongst the first families'of Home , proposed by tho Senator and approved by the l ' ope .

    . ... " From time to time the Pontiffs have endeavoured to diminish the jurisdiction ami ..... the prerogativort of the Senators , . so that in latter times their office has been reduced toi'ii mereTlioiiorjiry . ( tbiirgfe ; . "It has appeared to me thut tho rcntoration of this form ol government , replacing tho Senator in his old authority , would be a step at once adapted to tho cir'uuistunces ol' tho present day , nml acceptable to the Roman people . ' . " To declare Rome a free Imperial city , and to reserve u palace there for your Miy « . sty and your court , cannot but pruduce the moat favourable effect on the minds of tho Romans .

    \* In tho other dispositions of tho proposed stiititto I have confined rnyaoU to following tho precedent adopted by your Mnjonly on former occasions , under Biinilar circumstances . "

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), June 23, 1860, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_23061860/page/8/