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82^ i^_ ____ ¦ g ft ^Jj*^^ tQAttlRDAy,
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TO CORRESPONDENTS. We have received the ...
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[The following appeared in our Second Ed...
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Saturday, January 17. Just one week ago ...
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A story has been ventilated in the colum...
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We have been requested to insert the fol...
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The gratifying newe reached town yeHterd...
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¦ SATURDAY, JANUARY 24, 1852.
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¦' ¦ ¦ ¦ - -.-i-i-ii-.,. - -- - ¦"f-'ViHi" ffldr tfr Mains.
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There is nothing so revolutionary, becau...
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PRACTICAL PROGRESS OP HflDtfSTRlAt, ¦FEL...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
82^ I^_ ____ ¦ G Ft ^Jj*^^ Tqattlrday,
82 ^ i ^_ ____ ¦ g ft ^ Jj *^^ tQAttlRDAy ,
To Correspondents. We Have Received The ...
TO CORRESPONDENTS . We have received the letter of the Reverend John Jessopp , respecting sermons on " Woman , " too late for publication in our present number ; but we will riot delay , even for a few day *! , to declare thai ; it places the matter in a totally different light . ..- ¦• "¦ ' . , . The new arrangements alluded to last week in the management of the Leader had especial reference to the commercial department ; and it is believed that irregularities , of which Sub * scribers and Agents have had cause to complain , will henceforth cease . We entreat that any such instance , recurring to either Subscribers or Agents , may be immediately communicated to the Editor , by letter , addressed to 10 , Wellington-street , Strand .
[The Following Appeared In Our Second Ed...
[ The following appeared in our Second Edition of last iveek . J
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Saturday, January 17. Just One Week Ago ...
Saturday , January 17 . Just one week ago Lord Cranworth wrote a letter to Lord Ashburton , on the pending dispute between the engineers and their employers . Lord Ashburton had been asked whether he would act as an arbitrator ; and , having heard that the operatives desired to place Lord Cran worth at the head of a council of arbitration for the decision of the questions at issue . Lord Ashburton at once proceeded to consult with Lord Cranworth . The result of the interview was a letter dated the same day , addressed to Lord Ashburton , and which he has forwarded to the Times , He writes : — " Before these sacrifices are actually made by a gallant band of men , in a spirit of heroism , to what I cannot but conceive to be a mistaken sense of right , I desire to put before them the impartial and disinterested testimony of one to whose enlightened arbitration it had been the wish of their leaders at one moment to appeal . "
The "impartial and disinterested testimony" of Lord Cranworth is to this effectP-the men are entirely in th < j wrong—I am very sorry for them—but they must give way . He states the question at issue under ^ three heads : the dismissal of unskilled labourers ( not one of the points at issue ) , the cessation of piecework , and overtime . On all these points he thinks that " the men are entirely in the wrong . "
" The masters ought , surely , to be at liberty to employ whomsoever they may please for each and every portion of the work . If it is work only to be done well by skilled workmen , they must employ skilled workmen , and unless they do so the work will be badly done , and the masters will be the sufferers . If it is not work requiring skilled workmen , on what possible principle can the masters be called on to employ them ? The master ought to be at liberty to employ whom he may choose . Of course , the workman must equally be left at liberty to accept the terms offered by the master and work , or to reject those terms and abstain from working . Both parties ought
to be left at perfect liberty to do what they think most for their own interest . So as to piecework and work overtime , — all the relations between employer and employed are , or ought to be , those of contract between two perfectly free agents . The master may propose whatever terms he chooses ; the workmen may accept or reject those terms . In such a state of things , when there are no combinations on either side , the result must eventually be fair and just to both sides . If the master proposes what is harsh and unreasonable , he will get no workmen to work for him . If , on the other hand , a workman insists on terms which fetter the maBter , the master will not privc employment , and the workmen will
be unemployed . He considers combination on both sides as a " misfortune , " and would like all disputed questions to be settled between the isolated workman and the employer ! Men always fail , he says , in combinations . They intend well ; they wish to avoid violence but they are sure to have recourse to it . But the masters , he saya , have an immense advantage over the men . " The worst that can happen to them is , that capital is for a season unproductive . The reason for their insisting on perfect freedom on the disputed points is , that they think that without Buch freedom they could not make their capital adequately productive ; and bo they are content to let it be altogether fruitless for a time , in the hope of a brighter future . There is no chance of any violation of the law on their part , and they are , therefore , content to bide their time . "
The . men , however , in his opinion , must descend to injustice and outrage . Recurring again to the kernel of the topic he continues : — " I cannot wonder that the masters refuse to agree to any arbitration that is to impose on them any . restriction whatever as to the terms on which they are to Contraot with their men . No one ought to presume to define such term a , any more than to bind the men as to the terms which they ought to
submit to in favour of their musters . The obvious duty and interest of the men is to treat the matter as a more question of bargain . If once they do that—If once they allow that the master in at liberty to propose his own terms , and the workman to accept or reject them , I should think the maatera would— -I am sure they ought--to bo quite ready to listen to any suggestions of the men , a « to any modifications of the Bystom which should bo more agreeable to them , without infringing on the free agency of their employers . "
On the question of a tribunal to decide disputed points between masters and men , he thinks that such a tribunal is not only an impossibility—but not by any means desirable—because the men . are free agentB . t * When , indeed , the employed is not a free agent , not therefore an equal with the employer , as , for instance , a child * or a woman , there we know the Legislature has reasonably enough interfered . But I should be sorry indeed to think that the adult workmen of this country should claim protection , on any such ground as that which has led to the legislative protection of women and children in their dealings with their employers . "
That is the substance of Lord Cranworth ' s opinion on the strike of the masters , which , it will be seen , reads -as / 4 # - it were written from no other basis than that furnished by the misrepresentations of the leaders in the Times . Two meetings were held on Thursday- —the one in Manchester , the other in Oldham . At the former two resolutions were passed , one condemning piecework ahd overtime as " gross evils , " the other calling on the public to assist in supporting thfe unskilled thrown out of employment by the strike of the masters . The Oldham meeting was chiefly local , and turned pretty much on the ever-enduring Hibbert and Platt squabble . But really that is the pivot upon which all the history turns . The following resolution was passed among others : ;—
" That having read in the different paperB that the members of the Amalgamated Society are the dupes of ' a number of paid demagogues , Communists , Socialists , idlers , * c , we at once , without hesitation , repudiate such statements as being totally unfounded , inasmuch as we have only two paid officers , who devote the whole of their time to the business of the above society . " The tone of both meetings was moderate , but cheerful and resolute .
A Story Has Been Ventilated In The Colum...
A story has been ventilated in the columns of the Scotsman , demi-semi Ministerial organ , to the effect that Sir James Graham and the Peelites have only declined , at present , to enter the Ministry . Lord John , it is asserted , will , before Palmerston can-opett his bag of grievances , lay on the table of the House his measure-of reform and at once dissolve ; and that betjveen the dissolution and the meeting of the new Parliament a new Ministry including Sir James and the Peel party will be formed . The reason assigned for the refusal of Sir James is that neither he nor any of the sect would get reflected . Not a very likely looking rUmour .
We Have Been Requested To Insert The Fol...
We have been requested to insert the following letter relative to a contest which has been going on for some time amongst the clergy of the parish of Bethnal-green . The late Incumbent of St . Philip ' s thinks our contemparary'the Guardian has not done him justice , in refusing him the opportunity of defending himself in his own way , after he had permitted others to attack him in theirs . And as this letter from the late clerk of St . Philip ' s is a brief statement of facts and nothing more , we have can no objection to its appearance in our columns . We can have no interest in the matter but fair play for all concerned : but what a touching illustration of the Church in Distress is this light for fees ! return to the whole subject of contention . January 14 , 1852 .
Reverend Sib ,, —In answer to the communication with which you favoured me of the Reverend T . Gibson ' s letter , aa published in the Guardian of December 24 , I beg leave respectfully to say that the statements contained therein , respecting the fees of marriage received at St . Philip ' Church , are totally incorrect . The fees as established by yourself at the commencement of marriages in July , 1843 , were 9 s ., viz ., banns , 2 s . ; marriage , 6 a . 6 d . ; certificate , Is . 6 d . This rate of fees continued until December , I 860 , when the Reverend A Edwards , of St . Matthews ' , having placarded his own arid some other districts with a reduced scale of marriage fees , vou lowered those of St . Philip ' s to 8 a . ; viz .,
banns , Is . 6 d . ; marriage , 6 s . ; certiBoate , Is . 6 d . The fees remained at this amount until some weeks after the Rector of St . Matthew ' s had placarded the whole of the parish of Bethnal-green , and aho in several of the surrounding parishes , with large bills headed " Reduction of Marriage Fees , " when you thought proper to reduce yours to the same amount , viz ., banns , Is . ; marriage , 4 a . ; certificate , Is . ; total 6 » .: and it waa not until some weeks afterwards , when you were informed that they were taking less than the Gs . at St . Matthew ' s , that you lowered the fees at St . Philip ' s to 2 s . 6 d . These statements I know to bo correct , for , having by your direction always received the fees , the whole of these amounts have passed through my hands . I romain , Reverend Sir , yours obediently , William SawmnoP .
The Gratifying Newe Reached Town Yehterd...
The gratifying newe reached town yeHterday that thirteen move of the passengers and crew of the Amazon wpre nicked up from the port lifeboat in the Bay of Kav by a Wch Ralllot . Eliot Warburton and Captain S ymons ftro still missing . Angus , the second engineer , 1 b among the saved . Inspired by Mr . Roebuck ' s Sheffield speech , a •« Citizen ** in the Morninp Chronicle , makes a similar though more extended proposition : —¦ " Let those who ore willing to become noldiors for the preservation of peace in oaoh parish , or district , form thomselvoB into volunteer companies . "
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¦ Saturday, January 24, 1852.
¦ SATURDAY , JANUARY 24 , 1852 .
¦' ¦ ¦ ¦ - -.-I-I-Ii-.,. - -- - ¦"F-'Vihi" Ffldr Tfr Mains.
¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ - -.-i-i-ii-.,. - -- - ¦" f- 'ViHi " ffldr tfr Mains .
There Is Nothing So Revolutionary, Becau...
There is nothing so revolutionary , because there it nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law ox its creation in eternal progress , —Dk . AbnolI ) .
Practical Progress Op Hfldtfstrlat, ¦Fel...
PRACTICAL PROGRESS OP HflDtfSTRlAt , ¦ FELLOWSHIP . Production is the grand object in all industrial organization . That is the beBt organisation which , with the greatest ceconomy of time , labour , and means , produces the most . The purpose of industry is the support of life , and that is a- bad organization which contributes little towards tile support and comfort of life . The very purpose of industry iB frustrated if the labourer is sacrificed to the labour ; for the labourer is a human being not less than the " consumer "—that idol of
ceconomists . Improvements in machinery are badly Used if , " displacing labour / ' they deprive any human being of subsistence . Division of employtnetit & is badlyconducted , rifhumanbeingspreset -to prbduce commodities that are not needed , and that therefore yield no return . On the other hand , measures to " protect" the labourer , by checking the amount of production , frustrate the very object of industry , and rob somebody-- ' it not , as is most often the case , a good many persons *—or even society at large * To protect native industry by exrob the whole of
cluding foreign commodities is to society for the sake of a part , which is evidently the worst OBConomy . To protect one set of labourers by keeping another set in compulsory idleness is not less absurd . Yet ceconomists of different schools justify all these mischiefs—the relentless displacement of labour and of subsistence by machinery , the prohibition of machinery to render toil more scarce , the robbing of society to protect native industry , the compulsory idleness of the pauper to protect the " independent " ¦ laboured ! In all cases the absurdity is the direct result of looking at the relations . of labour in too partial a view ,
and preventing some particular evil by a partial measure which produces a greater evil . In truth , the interests of society are not thus conflicting ; the interest of the whole is , that there should be the greatest amount of aggregate happiness for the whole . If , then , we keep in mind that the primary purpose of industry is the subsistence and welfare of all the human beings , and that the direct object of industry is production , we shall find the clue to reconcile these apparent conflicts in the One blessed principle of Concert . Let the producer , the dealer , and the consumer—considering their common interest as superior and more enduring
than their separate interest—come to a common understanding in conducting the division of employments , and we shall soon find a way to recon * cile the several objects of improvement in machinery free-trade , and protection . The idea , indeed , is gaining ground . In spite of the obloquy which prejudice casts on the
principle of Association , the practice of it is taking root in our industrial system ; and the principle itself is attracting the notice of important bodies engaged in the larger evolutions of the industrial development which is advancing before our eyes . The proceedings of the Amalgamated Engineers are a striking instance . We regard without rancour the virulent abuse of the masters , through their secretary and their newspaper organ , because We
believe that the said masters are fairly baffled ana frightened . They eee that , by the resort to dooperation , the men have begun that revolution which will take absolute power out of the hands of the employer ; and , in the anger of alarm , they scow * Their bad language hurts no one very seriously ot permanently ; the bad faith of their representations will soon defeat itself ; meanwhile the men a * w their friends are strong in truth , both of P ** PoBf and fact : And we know that ultimately , althougn
deprived of the arbitrary tower to tyrannize , * ne masters will find refuge from oornraeroiai yi ° w « J tude and bankruptcy in that same pnnoipw « concert . By associated labour and eelf-ertipioyment , the wen obtain representation of their own
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 24, 1852, page 14, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24011852/page/14/
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