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A.VG- 23 ? I860.] The\ Saturday^Analyst ...
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SIR W. HAMILTON'S LECTURES ON LOGIC* ABO...
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* ? Lecture* on Logic. Uy Hlr William Il...
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MISS MACREADY'S POEMS. * Tf^IIE daughter...
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• Leaveifrotn (He olive Mount. Vctmi* by...
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* Patriots And I'Uiouttti'r* T M: Jntutx...
pioneers , who advanced timidly , keeping their fingers in their mouths like civilized infants , until within reach of the prize , wlieii they clutched it ravenously , and rushed hacked triumphant . " Mr . Oliphant by no means ' - agrees in the terms of the late treaty with Russia : He complains that the interests of the Circassians have not been sufficiently considered ; a line of Russian forts upon the Circassian coast , which had been evacuated during ' -the war , have since been reconstructed and regarrisoned by Russian forces . " " The whole question , " says the author , " of Eastern aggression by Russia
hinges upon the existence of this line of forts . Without them Russia could never have hoped to subdue Circassia , any more than she could have taken Kars if she had left one gate open . The success of the Russian war in the Caucasus depended upon the efficacy of the blockade that could only be secured by the reconstruction of these forts . Now that these are rebuilt , Schamyl has been captured , und Circassia has been thrown again upon its own limited resources , the latter must soon be exhausted ; and when the besieged country has entirely capitulated , the only barrier to Russian aggression in the East will have been swept away . "
The second portion of this book is entirely devoted to America , its politics and institutions ; but since the whole of the argument has been before published in Bladewoods- Magazine , it will be unnecessary to dilate further upon it here . The reader who'desires information on such points , will do well to seek it in these wellconsidered pages .
A.Vg- 23 ? I860.] The\ Saturday^Analyst ...
A . VG- 23 ? I 860 . ] The \ Saturday ^ Analyst and Leader . 751
Sir W. Hamilton's Lectures On Logic* Abo...
SIR W . HAMILTON'S LECTURES ON LOGIC * ABOUT eighteen months have elapsed since the publication of Sir William Hamilton's Lectures on Metaphysics . We have now before us the complement of his professorial prelections , the " Lectures on Logic , " which he biennially alternated with his course on mental philosophy generally ' . We cannot complain of the lapse of time that lias separated the two divisions of publication . The subject was not one which incited hasty posthumous publicity ; the author ' s reputation could well afford the delay ; and the learned editors have well occupied their leisure in the
preparation of the elaborate and assiduous . annotations which so greatly enhance the value of these volumes . t > r . Mansel is to be cbngratur lated upon his occupation in so kindred and congenial a labour , which has doubtless soothed the possible irritation which the recent angry polemics of Mr . Maurice may have caused . We have to congratulate Mr . Veitch , one of liis pupils vihonv Sir William most highly regarded * upon his appointment to the logical chair of sleepy St . Andrew ' s , for which we believe he is mainly indebted to the proofs of his capacity , which his joint editorial responsibility for the metaphysicar lectures evinced . the science
The volumes Before us consist of a central corpus on of logic , adapted only for those who are esoterically qualified , or who wish to be so ; and of a luminous introduction to the ^ study bt the science , and an instructive and copious body of concluding matter m " modified logic , " which admits and demands popular and easy treatment . There are also a variety of appendices , containing fuller and more abstruse information on certain isolated points than the text of the lectures contains ; more especially , an exposition of Sir W . Hamilton's doctrine of the New Analytic of Logical Forms , somewhat immature , and not finally prepared for publication , but — vmfficiunt to show the perfect originality and the luminous completeness oflnVview " ¦ : . '¦¦'¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ' :.. ' ' ~~* ¦ ¦ " ¦ , , ^~~~ . — could not be
Better editing than has been applied to the text imagined . Every citation—nay , every slight and ¦¦ involuntary plagiarism , is traced to its source , and verified by chapter and number . This conscientious care goes to the rare length ( for enthusiastic disciples ) of the reference to German authorities , more especially Krug and Esser , of a larger portion' of what wo had been accustomed to consider the original doctrines oi bir William than we were prepared to discover . There still remains , however , a large marginal territory . ' ,, all his own , with which his most enthusiastic admirers maybe well content , and the Hoyercignty of which establishes him not only as the greatest writer on logic whom Great Britain has produced , but as the only great writer on logic whom our soil can claim . . - " . ¦
. Detailed criticism , still less comparison and contrast with other writers is , within our limits , impossible , We shall , therefore , content ourselves with a brief summary of , and occasional comment , on , the cardinal doctrines of Sir William ' s system . It comes unavoidably , and , indeed , explicitly ( for Sir William undertakes the criticism himself ) , into competition with Whatelv ' a bald grammar ot tho acierico . And here wo may remark , by the way , that nothing more clearly displays the extremely backward state of the science of logic in England , than tho fact that until the publication of these Lectures Whately's Eleinonta were tho best and the only manual extant in our tongue . Wo arc not forgetful of Mill ; but ho in only viduublo
as a teacher of applied logic . Now , Whatcly shows no evidence of knowing anything that has been written upon tho subject within tho last hundred years , which have been an much an era of progression in tho wcionco of logic as in the science of geology . Walli « -- ~ aaid _ . Aldricn . ^ ygre . his only guidon . To them ho added strong common-sense , tact ,-find a great " pp \ vor or exposition" ; and this is tho receipt , for " Whately ' s Logic . " His opening sentences proclaim his incapacity . If we dwell upon that incapacity , it is that wo may tho more . easily determine , as by ioil or contrast , tho incontestiblo paramouncy ' of Sir W . Hamilton ' s claim to . bo tho only reliable expounder of the . scionco in our tonguo
Whateley says that logic has been generally regarded as an art . the fact is , that most writers have exclusively regarded it as a science . He mistakes the real difference between art and science , thereby , ^)! course , vitiating his whole primary definition , and , mediately , the superstructure which he bases upon it . Whately looks uponscience as knowledge viewed absolutely , and without relation , to practice . If this ' were- so , every . art would be , in its doctrinal part , a science . And if art is the application of knowledge to practice , ashesays or assumes , then it follows that religion , politics , and morals , ' are arts . The confusion inheres in this ambiguity _ : —the Archbishop confounds the distinction between practical and theoretical sciencewith that which severally defines science and art .
, But from the foil , let us at once proceed to the counterfoil . We dwell on definitions—on the definition of the science of logic—because the decisive root of the whole corpus is here to be found . And , let it be remembered , that the great and cardinal mistake ot all false logicians has been the arrogation to their science of a larger area , scope , and domain , than was justified by facts . And it may be alleged , without paradox , although the statement is put vulgarly and roughly , that it was this arrogance and all-embracingness ot logicians that retarded the advent of inductive philosophy , and winch it required two such men as Des Cartes and Bacon to slay and bury
out of sight . Let us contrast , for example , still faithful to our plan of foil and counterfoil , the arrogant definition of the Prae-Baconian Scotus , and the Post-Baconian Hamilton . " Logic , " says Scotus , "is the art of arts , and science of sciences . If it is opened up , all others are also opened ; if it is closed , all the rest are closed . With it , you can establish whatever you like ; without it , nothing . " Others , true Scotists in this respect at least , it not m the great Realist and Nominalist controversy , have styled the science , * Via ad Yeritatem , " " Cynosura Veritatis , " " Caput , ef Apex Philosophiic , " " Heuristica , sive Introductio ad Arfcem
inveniendi , " & c . . , e Sir William's definition of logic is this : " Logic is the science ot the laws of thought as thought . " It is not only a science , but a demonstrative , or apodeictic science . It is conversant about thought , that is , thought proper , the acts of the understanding , of the faculty of comparison , and , in Sir William ' s nomenclature , the elaboratiye faculty , the fifth in the scale of his cognitive powers . But the nicest and nibst to be emphasized portion of the definition is that which designates logic as th < 5 science of the laws of thought-, ** ' thouakt .- When we think , we think about something . But the sivbabout
iective act of thinking , and the objective thing thought , are distinct and different . Only witlvlhe former does , logic concern ltselt , with the thinking act of the mind , and the laws by , or in accordance with which it operates . Still there remains one element in the terms of the definition ; i ( Logic is the science .. of the laws ot _ thought as thought . " We may regard human thought m-two aspects . It is kno \ yn to us by experience or observation ^ and by reflective speculation ; by analysis and abstraction , by which we seek out and discriminate in the manifestations of thought whatever is necessary and universal . The former , the empirical , consideration , belongs to the phenomenology of mind , or psychology . And where the empirical consideration of the mind terminates , there the province of logic commences , and a special and exclusive science begins . Our speculative consideration secures certain necessary elements from the contingent materials of observation . And " these are what constitute tho laws of thought as thought . — - ^ Whriftwflr-iit-a ^ jiiainted only with current logical manuals , more
Or less charlatanish , from Whatcly down to vYaWt ^ Tlbar ^ nustr experience all the joy of the discovery of a New Atlantis , at the suggestion to his mind of the precise , definite , but large and comprehensive region thus presented to him . Independently altogether of the question of the truth or untruth taught in these volumes , the mental exercitation which must be earned by every one who will peruse them , will he gain and recompense enough . They arc not drv reading . Every point is so closely linked with its successor , and the nexus is so often repeated , that none but those who will not , can fail to be carried consecutively from commencement to close , fho . ro is a stately grandeur , too , about the style , and a keen human zest , m llayin" a pretender that sheds interest over this apparently dry subject . Wo best express our opinion of the lectures—and we are i ' uliv alive to the full import of the not too easily to be conceded eulogy—by saying that they are a contribution of great value as well to polite literature as to mental science .
* ? Lecture* On Logic. Uy Hlr William Il...
* ? Lecture * on Logic . Uy Hlr William Ilunillfon . l *» rt . Kdltod l > y tho Nov . II . J-. Mannel , H . r > ., l . h , li ,, WftvnHeto Vrottmor ot Moral ami Mutnjiliyalcul l'hlluoupliyi OatforU i nna John Vcltch . M . A ,, VrotuBsor ot l-o « lo , Bt . AnUruw ' a . WUUam Jiluckwood & Sons , 18 U 0 .
Miss Macready's Poems. * Tf^Iie Daughter...
MISS MACREADY'S POEMS . * Tf ^ IIE daughter of our last great tragedian , Mr , Macready , has ' I published a volume of pooms which testilieH at onoe to this careful manner in which she has been educated , to her pious disposition , and to hor poetical temperament . Tho volumo is suitably dedicated to her father , in terms which show the warmth of her affeotiou and tho depth of her rovorence . Tho principal poom in a narrativo blank-verso o ( fusion , entitled " Tho Passion 1 < lower . We may congratulate Miss Macready on tho quality of her vorao . She has learned to shoot in tho Miltonic bow with fiiteet . It is rofroshing to catch tho old tonos , the complex musio of our attciontbards . —Warucoguiao _ atP . nce thojohoul in which sho has studied / and ultimate the benefit to a young writer" ! ho lighter- measures of modom rhymers might havo mado hur inoro lmmudiatoly popular ;—but tho stornor form in which she lias alroudy gained so much of mastery will inoro conduccj to hor lasting reputation . , ¦ , Tho story of this briof epic > simplo , but it is , at tho « amo
• Leaveifrotn (He Olive Mount. Vctmi* By...
• Leaveifrotn ( He olive Mount . Vctmi * byCMUvrlw KruucM U . M «« w « . ly . OJu «) ' uum mxl Hull ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 25, 1860, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_25081860/page/7/
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