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July 26, 1851.J ®f) * 3LeabtT. 705
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Critics are not the legislators, but the...
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The death of Dr. Lingard is a national l...
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We have received a circular of a new Wee...
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Eugene Pelletan, all of whose writings t...
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P. J. Proudhon has just issued a new pam...
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A new and revised edition of the much-la...
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Pierre Vincard, an engraver on precious ...
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Emii,k Souvestre's name appears as the e...
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M. Morkau Ciiki.ntoi'iik has just comple...
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Here is another great gun of the "Party ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
S O C I A L R E F () It M. Jixpanation T...
John Mill has recognized this effect of what he names " custom . " The experience of the Rappites , however , independently of the religious influence which brings them together , the illustration of the Sheffield workhouse , and many personal experiences which must occur to the candid man , all tend to the conclusion that competition is neither the sole nor the principal incentive to work ; but that a satisfaction in doing that which is right , love of approbation , and many other motives equally concur .
Another presumption is , that by means of competition , production not only attains its greatest amount , but most fitly suits the wants of the people at a given time . This presumption is disproved by the enormous waste which takes place in trade under the competition for custom , and by the unmistakeable fact which stares us in the face , that large numbers of . people are unfed , while large numbers are out of work , and large extents of land are uncultivated or half cultivated . Such facts establish , beyond a doubt , the further fact , that competition fails to direct industry , or to extract from it the largest possible amount .
The fundamental principle of Cooperation , Association , Communism , cr whatever you please to call it , is Concert . Adam Smith showed the superior productive power of what he called " division of labour "; Edward Gibbon Wakefield showed that " combination of labour " is necessary to the " division of employments" j to which canon I add , that , in order to secure the full profit of divided employments , it is necessary that there should be " concert in division of employments . " This is the real definition of the principle . The statement that it renders the principle of assurance
universal , describes the effect rather than defines the principle . There are various modes in which any principle may be applied ; but in respect of the larger schemes for converting the whole of society into a cooperative system , it has always appeared to me that we have not yet attained sufficient knowledge to make laws for so totally altered a condition of society . Having ascertained the ceconomical principle , our business is to apply it as speedily and as efficiently as we can . That the principle is making rapid progress in general
recognition , is seen , not only by the immense increase of organizations in Paris , but the numerous organizations already existing in England , by the endeavour now made to establish a central agency for those organizations , and by the spread of a conviction in its favour ; but still more by the treatment which it receives from opponents . When we hear that a Minister makes a point of reserving his opinion on the subject , as Mr . Labouchere did to the deputation on partnership , you understand that the principle has advanced to be nothing worse than a matter of doubt even with the Executive ! The
modes in which we might apply this principle without waiting for a total change of society are , the removal of penal restrictions on labour , facilities for the establishment of working partnerships , central facilities for the exchange of information on all the great brunches of employments , —especially the agricultural sta'isticH , which Mr . Milner Gibson h ^ s been so long demanding—and the establishment of a sound law i . i lieu of the Poor Law , giving the opportunity of labour to every able-bodied man who needs it . These 1 have mentioned as the specific measures by which the principle might be applied without delay . The last would afford that stage upon which the industrious classes might effect
their transfer from one employment to another ; a process winch oeconomists talk of as following improvements in machinery , but one which has hitherto been somewhat imaginary . Believing that measures so much more important to the body of the People , than to classes which already monopolize the prosperity of the country , will not originate with class legislators , I join with those who demand an extension of the parliamentary
suffrage to the whole body of the nation . The fears with which that measure has been viewed have abated in a more striking degree than the expectancy with which the claimantH view it . I believe , indeed , that it will have nono but a very general effect on the choice of legislators or the course of legislation ; Imt it will afford to the acting statesmen of the day the sole meant * of learning the wishes of the nation , and of obtaining for their measures the sanction of the nation .
Home of these points I shall further illustrate in future letters , for materials are continually growing to our hands . Meanwhile , those friends who are doubting will better understand my general drift for this explanation . Yours , most sincerely , Thornton Hunt .
July 26, 1851.J ®F) * 3leabtt. 705
July 26 , 1851 . J ® f ) * 3 LeabtT . 705
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Critics Are Not The Legislators, But The...
Critics are not the legislators , but the judges and police of literature . They do not make laws—they interpret and try to enforce them—Edinburgh Review .
The Death Of Dr. Lingard Is A National L...
The death of Dr . Lingard is a national loss . As a candid , impartial , and comprehensive historian , he bequeaths to his country a work , the labour of long years , which may be pronounced the standard History of England up to that point from which Ma caul ay starts . The strict fairness and undeviating fidelity with which the task is accomplished without the sacrifice of a conviction , the mild and tolerant principles , the large and varied learning at once discursive and profound , the lucid
and ample style , render Dr . Lingard ' s History an honour to his country and to his Church , and an enduring monument to his own fame . It is accepted by all creeds , opinions , and parties , with equal respect and admiration . The unruffled calm of this good man ' s long and unostentatious life , the disregard of noisy celebrity , the deep love of retirement , the simplicity of life and manners which distinguished his character , are as delightful as they are instructive to recall ; for they evidence
the temperate nature , the mild and patient spirit , the open and chastened heart , which are the very ideal of a Christian , and the only true signification of a Catholic . That Dr . Lingard should have been able , even in times of bitterness and intolerance , to maintain and assert his own convictions without forfeiting the esteem of his controversial adversaries , that his death should now be mourned as a national bereavement , and a full voice of
sympathy and honour swell around his grave , is a high and signal proof that it is not so much diversity of opinions as harshness of imputation that rends men asunder : that truth need never fear discussion : that it is only the perverse ingenuity of systems that can distort and thwart generous and upright natures , which , left to their own development , bring forth fruits of lovingkindness .
Doctor Lingard had happily lived far removed from the atmosphere of the Papal Court ; and so he died , as he lived , an English Catholic . May we not , Englishmen of all Churches or of none , lay aside our differences for a moment at least , as we stand at the grave of a brother of whose memory we are proud ? May we not condescend to a little less of theology and a little more of charity and for- j > earance .
In another part of our columns will be found a letter from the friend and physician of Dr . Lingard , replying , unnecessarily we think , but with a natural indignation , to an ignoble report of we know not what obscure paper . The beloved historian had long endured a painful malady with the unswerving fortitude of a philosopher and a Chris , tan , and he breathed his last in perfect happiness and trustful peace . The latest edition of the History of England , and we believe the fifth , was published in 1849 , by Dolman , and is in ten volumes .
' 1 he History and Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church , had been almost rewritten by him . The last work from the venerable doctor ' s pen was a republication at his suggestion of a treatise originally written some years ago , entitled Documents to ascertain the Sentiments of British Catholics in former Ayes , respecting the- Power of the Popes . This was issued de circonstance last winter , with a preface by his friend , the Reverend M . A . Tibknby , the historian of Arundel .
We Have Received A Circular Of A New Wee...
We have received a circular of a new Weekly Catholic journal , " under ecclesiastical sanction , " which " will promote the great cause of Free Trade , Parliamentary Reform , and Social Progress , an cm - bodied in the views of the Irish lirigade , the ManchoHter School , and the Peel party—tho only liberal flections now remaining in the House of Commons . " Wo hail this announcement as a gratifying
phenomenon . A " Catholic" journal , " under ecclesiastical sanction , " " conducted in a broad and comprehensive spirit . " This may do for Catholicism in England ; but how will it suit the infallible authorities at Rome ? How will it agree with the Congregation of the Index ! How will the College of the Propaganda and the conclave of Cardinals approve of this organ of " Parliamentary Reform and Social Progress . " There is one saving clause , however , which announces that " the
theological department has been placed under the direction of a distinguished Doctor of Divinity , who will guard its doctrinal statements from error , and impart to its teachings the voice of authority . " A special correspondent at Rome , " capable of interesting the English world in the affairs of t he Eternal City "—and , we presume , in the blessings of Papal government—is a prominent feature in the prospectus . We hail all converts to " Social progress "—but from so unexpected a quarter !
Eugene Pelletan, All Of Whose Writings T...
Eugene Pelletan , all of whose writings that we have seen do honour to French literature , and whose name is conspicuous in the powerful phalanx of La Presse , is now writing a series of delightful papers in the feuilleton of that journal , which he calls Profession de Foi du Dixneuvieme Siecle . For vigour of thought , purity , and elegance , united to an epigrammatic concision of style and brilliant imagery , these papers , which are a kind of Story of the Progress of Humanity through successive civilizations , are eminently noticeable , and well worthy of his name ; which , to our mind , is the highest praise .
P. J. Proudhon Has Just Issued A New Pam...
P . J . Proudhon has just issued a new pamphlet , with the following significant title : —Idee Generate de la Revolution au IXme . Siecle . The main purpose of the treatise is an analysis of the great industrial forces of actual society , and the inevitable absorption of the politicalby an ceconomical regime .
A New And Revised Edition Of The Much-La...
A new and revised edition of the much-lamented Frederick Bastiat ' s Harmonies Economiques has just appeared , with his last additions . They contain the entire rationale of Free-trade . Edgar Quinet has come out upon the "Revision" question with a pamphlet , in which he exposes and annihilates the Bonapartist and anti-Republican factions .
Pierre Vincard, An Engraver On Precious ...
Pierre Vincard , an engraver on precious stones by trade , who was president of the delegated workmen under Louis Blanc's commission at the Luxembourg , has written on the Ouvriers de Paris , a series of papers first published , we believe in the Bim-etrc Univcrsely and now in a collected form . He is at present , we are informed , in London , on a visit to the Exposition .
Emii,K Souvestre's Name Appears As The E...
Emii , k Souvestre ' s name appears as the editor of the Confessions d ' un Ouvrier . From a glance at these confessions we trace the influence of CJkorgk Sand ' s Compaynon < lu Tour de France .
M. Morkau Ciiki.Ntoi'iik Has Just Comple...
M . Morkau Ciiki . ntoi'iik has just completed the third and last volume of his ] Solution du Problcme de la Misire . The larit volume treats of pauperism in modern times .
Here Is Another Great Gun Of The "Party ...
Here is another great gun of the " Party of Order . " M . ( Jautiku , uii intimate friend of Louis Pami'i'K , formerly a deputy of the ( rironde and peer of France , is very prosy and important on the topic— " J ) e I'Ordre . des Causes ui le troublent et des Moytns de la rttabfir . " For l ' ordre read la Monarchic in this and all similar
titles from the same party , and then ask La quelle These tedious chapteiH of the Bordeaux Viynicole , arc written in the true spirit of La ( lironde ; the department which in the reactionary fury of J 848 and its disgust for republican institutions , actually hesituted between offering' allegiance to the Queen of England or forming a federal state under tho dictatorship of Marshal Uvgkauu .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), July 26, 1851, page 13, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_26071851/page/13/
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