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730 ©fjS HLV&Xltt* [Saturday, _ _ _ ____...
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w OPENING OF THE GARRATT-ROAD HALL, MANC...
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SIR BENJAMIN HEYWOOD'S BATHS AND "WORKIN...
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National Charter and Social Union. — The...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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In The Course Of Some Hundred Years Of C...
her forces to keep down the elements of insurrection within her own states , and yet is compelled to interfere in Germany to oppose the schemes of Prussia , whose armies alone preserve a temporary quiet there , whilst Prussia in her turn seems drifting , under the pressure of Russian , and Austrian principles , towards a policy which must rank the whole of liberal Germany against her ? Not assuredly in Italy , where the actual presence of a French army , and , what is infinitely more , the consciousness of the overpowering force of France is necessary to keep the Pope at jiomc ; and where in Piedmont , Lombardy , and Venice the national spirit is confessedly unquenched , though beaten for a time ? In no one country in Europe has the revolution been accomplished and completed , —accepted
in all its consequences , or disposed of by a compromise satisfactory to the public opinion of the time being , and enthroning a definite policy for a certain time to come . In every country it has been defeated in part by deception , by a pretended acceptance and a subsequent evading of its consequences . It has been quelled , too , by the cooperation of the different powers in Europe ; by the aid of Prussia in Germany , of Russia in Austria , of France and Austria in Italy . And this alliance of the powers has taught an alliance of the Peoples , which is even now beginning to formulize itself ; and it has added this new element of insecurity to every state , —that insurrection , successful for a moment in any European , country , entails the immediate consequence of simultaneous movements in the rest . Revolutions in Europe are henceforth European revolutions .
If this fact gives a power and a significance to the Democratic movements of all European countries , it does so especially to those of Italy ; for in no other country is the cause of revolution so deep-seated or its spirit so wide spread . There is no Italian anti-revolutionary party ; Piedmont and the National and Republican party divide the field . Foreign force alone keeps Italy in check ; and foreign domination is the never-failing source of an element of insurrection more universal and more indomitable than any merely political idea—the spirit of nationality , the desire of national independence .
Hardly a year has elapsed since 1815 without insurrection in Italy , hopeless , isolated , provincial insurrection , crushed immediately by neighbouring foreign force . And yet this repeated failure has done nothing , absolutely nothing , to subdue the spirit which is at work . It is exhibiting itself now more potent and active than ever in its vitality , almost immediately after the long and exhausting struggle , the sacrifices , and the defeats of 1848 and 1849 . The true spirit of nationality can accept no compromise , and submit to no defeat ; for all enlightened politicians the independence of Italy it is but a question of time and mode .
But popular insurrection in Italy will no longer manifest itself as it has done before . It has grown bolder in its hopes ; it aspires to unity where , previously to the movement of the last two years , it aimed only at independence . In Rome the republican government still claims to exist—for it never abdicated its rights , but ceased at last sin impossible defence—by virtue of the almost unanimous votes of the population ; and its most active members are , in conjunction with the leaders of the popular movement in the rest of Italy , formed into a central directing body , which openly aims at the independence , liberty , and unity of Italy , and which is pledged before the country
to a national war and a Constituent Assembly as the immediate object of its labours . No less than this is the purpose of the manifesto which we have been the means of brin ^ im ? before the English public ; and of the loan of 10 , 000 , 000 francs , which the national party in Italy is bold and determined enough and sufficiently confident in its strength to propose to raise . No other country in Europe possesses a Democratic party so united , so pledged , arid so prepared for action . In no other country is insurrection so ready , or revolution so inevitable . They are facts in store for the proximate future of Italy , and of the deepest importance to Europe . Politicians may
look unfavourably on them , because they endanger the general peace , or because the dreaded name of Republic may seem to be associated with them ; but let them not foolishly attempt to ignore their imminent existence . It is this blindness , this studied ignorance with respect to the . condition and prospects of Italy , against which on the one hand , as against the influence of calumny on the other , we would oppose a true representation of the actual doings and designs of its Democratic and National party . It is with this view that in our series of truthful pictures , so to speak , of European Democracy , the ants of the National Republican party in Italy will always find a prominent i > lm : c .
We do not aim nt advocacy ; we wish to present a true picture of existing facts . We limit our responsibility to providing the necessary materials for individual judgment ; and we propose to do so in what appears to ur , in connection with existing moans of popular information , tu be the most desirable mode ; namely , by presenting the rt'co ^ nized nets of all important sections of European Democrsiuy in n succinct and continuous form , and in h «» l < l relief , unencumbered by too much comment , uncnloiiri'd by advocacy , and with only such explanation " as may appear necessary for their ' beinjr understood , ami for tlie correct appreciation of their relative importance . "
liven within these limits we might have much more to say concerning the manifesto nmlcircular of the National Italian Committee , and the party from which they emanate ; hut we have exhausted ourspnee , and must defer any further remurUti to future opportunities , which will undoubtedly occur . Meanwhile we recommend to tho careful examination of our renders the documents which no have laid before them . They will be found to contain iiitrrnul evidence of the principles and objects of the j . iirtit's from whom they buve issued , which may be most useful in i ' onninjj an accurate appreciation of their objects .
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W Opening Of The Garratt-Road Hall, Manc...
w OPENING OF THE GARRATT-ROAD HALL , MANCHESTER . The Socialists of Manchester ( the name " Socialist" has , it seems , become both , accredited and accepted by the public ) , according to an advertisement ¦ which , appeared in our columns of last week , opened on Sunday last their new hall in Garratt-road . The hall is opposite the Carpenters' Hall , and accommodates 700 people . It was full morning and evening . Before each lecture by Mr . Holyoake the following address from Mr . Owen was read . We give it entire , as it is unequalled in enthusiasm by anything which Mr . Owen has written for some time . The words of this octogenarian reformer , excellently read by Mr . James Campbell , were received with loud demonstrations of pleasure by the audiences : — " Cox ' s Hotel , London , Oct . 18 , 1850 . " I have this morning received your letter , written at the request of the Socialist Committee of Manchester , informing me that they have obtained possession of a large hall , which they intend to open on the 20 th instant , and expressing their desire that I should send them , by Mr . Holyoake , a written address for the occasion . " It also gives me much pleasure to learn by your letter that you are all in earnest working hard to spread the principles in your town and district . I hope you will be successful , because there are no other principles that are true , respecting humanity and society . I do not find there is now much difficulty in spreading the principles or having them acknowledged to be true ; the real
obstacle now to associative progress arises from the professed disciples of our principles not knowing how to exhibit them in their daily and hourly intercourse with society . It is true that , surrounded by all the institutions and arrangements which have emanated from false fundamental notions respecting man and society , it is a new and a hard lesson to acquire to act in accordance with principles directly opposed to those fundamental false notions ; but when the true fundamental principle is received and fully comprehended , it must create a new and enlarged spirit of charity and kindness , which gradually encreases as the knowledge of the application of the principle to practice encreases , until it becomes universal , and withdraws all anger , ill-will , and unkind feelings from class , sect , country , and colour . Making full allowance for the knowledge of the causes which
necessarily produce these differences in man , for whatever may appear defective in them , and these defects will only create pity for their misfortune in being so defectively formed—and the sincere desire to introduce measures that will overcome these evils , and in future prevent their occurrence , in so far as any of them may be a cause of misery to any of our fellow-men—such must be the necessary result of the introduction into general society of the national system when it shall be fully understood in principle and practice . According to my view of it , both are yet but imperfectly known , either in Great Britain , the continent of Europe , or in America ; but it is most gratifying to me to perceive everywhere the spirit of enquiry on this subject which is now abroad , and from which it is evident that the world is at length approaching the confines of a national state of existence in mind and action .
" To hasten this progress—for I cannot be idle and see so much removable misery in all classes and know that it extends into all countries—I am about to commence a weekly publication at the price of one penny , that it may be extensively read and studied , to explain the national system in such manner that it cannot much longer be misunderstood or withheld from universal adoption by all nations and people , and universally adopted , because it will be to an extent not yet imagined by any one—universally beneficial , from the beggar to th e sovereign . My health , thank you for the wishes expressed respecting it , is good , and if it should be so till next summer I hope to visit the friends of this great and now most necessary work in all the large towns from the south to the north , where I shall hope to find the pure spirit of this system in active operation among its diseiple ?
. . . . . „ , " Wishing you every success in your new hall , and with kind regard to the committee and yourself , " I remain , yours faithfully , " Robert Owen . «• Mr . J . M'Kenzie , Secretary /'
Sir Benjamin Heywood's Baths And "Workin...
SIR BENJAMIN HEYWOOD'S BATHS AND "WORKING TAILORS' ASSOCIATION OF MANCHESTER . "What Curlylc so admirably suggests as possible to be done by Captains of Industry in our day , Sir Benjamin Hey wood , of : Manchester , seems to have accomplished by his judicious munificence . Mile Platting has been indebted to him in various ways . The Mechanics' Institution is an honourable instance of his liberality . Lately ho has added bath 9 and wash houses to the district , at an expense of £ 2500 .
This establishment , fitted up with great taste , is superior to that in George-street , New-road , London , which will suggest to tho metropolitan render an idea of its stylo . Its munngement is entrusted to Mr . Winstanley , whose judicious rules , partly sclfcleviscd , produce both harmony and efficiency in the operation , which do him very grout credit . Mr . Winstunloy is nn instance of one who carries the profitable experience of humble life into an enlarged sphere of usefulness . The utility of these baths to the populace ia evidenced by the fact that they have
been used twelve thousand times in the short period of little more than three months of which they have been opened . We are glad to find that alread y they nearly pay expenses ; and as bathing is a habit which , when once acquired , is , like eating and drinking ! never likely to go out of fashion , the time must come when they will repay the capital expended on their erection . The Working Tailors' Association , Manchester , has been about four months in operation , and has done £ 400 worth of work . Triple this amount might have been done had they possessed more capital . Considering the few pounds with which they commenced , it is very creditable to Mr . Lindsay , the manager , that they still continue in operation .
If we had some benevolent gentleman who would do for small Associations what Mrs . Chisholm does for Emigration , lend them a small capital to trade with , very great good would be accomplished . Such loans , I am sure , would be gratefully used and honourably repaid . Mr . Lindsay informs me that they should be glad to pay seven per cent , for £ 100 . There is no opening for the employment of capital more safe , profitable , and humane than this . Private honour , associative credit , and public opinion would promote the security of these loans . Contrary to everybody ' s expectation , Mrs . Chisholm finds her generous trusts repaid ; and money lent at home must be far more secure than that lent for expenditure on the other side of the world . Ion .
National Charter And Social Union. — The...
National Charter and Social Union . — The sittings of the Conference were continued on Sunday last . Mr . George Hooper was called to the chair . An animated discussion then commenced , as to whether the Union should direct its efforts solely to obtaining the Charter , limiting its collective action to that , and leaving to its members the widest latitude as to advocacy , or whether those propositions should form a substantive part of the programme . Mr . Stallwood and Mr . O'Brien
supported the former view ; Mr . Stallwood , however , incidentally declared his intention of moving the addition of certain other measures to the programme , as things desirable in themselves . The comprehensive programme of the committee , slightl y modified by Mr . Harney , was , however , supported by Mr . Thornton Hunt , Mr . Walter Cooper , Mr . Leblond , and Mr . Pettie , and carried by a very large majority . As a report has gone abroad that the partnership clause " is virtually struck out in the new arrangement , we are authorized to state that it is unfounded . The Conference will sit again on Sunday
next . Labour Conference at Manchester . —At a meeting of the committee appointed by the Labour Conference , lately held in this town , the following resolutions were discussed and adopted : — •« 1 . That this Committee be henceforth known as the North of England Central Committee for promoting Cooperative Associations . 2 . That Messrs . Graham , Lindsay , and Mantle be respectively Chairman , Treasurer , and Secretary to this Cojnmittee . 3 . That the two foregoing resolutions be
inserted in the Leader newspaper , and that the secretary be instructed to request , through that Journal , information of the history , position , and prospects of the various Cooperative Associations in the United Kingdom . " In conformity with the foregoing resolution , I beg to solicit the correspondence of all those now cooperating , or in favour of cooperation . — George Joseph Mantle , 39 , Henrv-street , Oldham-road , Manchester .
National Refoiim League . —At a full meeting of the council of this body held on the 21 st instant , the following resolution was adopted with unanimity : —Resolved— " That sincerely desirous of seeing established a real union of all shades of democratic and social reformers , and believing that universal suffrage with the necessary guarantees as laid down in the People ' s Charter , is the only practical basis of such union , this council cannot but regret the vote come to by the conference of
delegates representing this and other bodies , as the Johnstreet sittings , whereby the expediency is affirmed of mixing up with the great question of universal suffrage certain reform measures of detail , which , however good and necessary in their proper time and place , cannot be made the object of a great national movement , without causing dissension and div isions in the popular ranks , and thereby retarding the success of our common cause . This council is therefore of the opinion of our delegates , that their attendance at the aforesaid conference is
useless and unnecessary . Progress of the Redemption Society . —Great animation is beginning to be manifested in various parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire in favour of the society , and meetings have been arranged in many of the towns . The Communal Building Fund , is being revived with treat spirit . A gentleman who has just visited the farm in Wales , and who is delighted with it , asks if it would stimulate the subscribers to the Communal Building Fund were they told that if the sura of £ 200 be raised by Christmas , a gentleman or two in London would add £ fi 0 or £ 100 to it ? It must be understood that this question is asked in a manner that amounts to a promise . We
have little doubt but this will cause the £ 200 to be completely raised by the time stated . Dr . Lees has been at the community , and wo expect that he will send his impressions to the Leader . We hear that he is much pleased with it . Moneys received for the week ending Oct . 21 : Leeds , £ 4 7 s . 3 $ ; Rothwell , Northamptonshire , , T Bull , Is . ; Scndon , Mr . Charles Paul , 5 s . ; Huddersflrld , C . Gledhill , los . 0 d . ; Hyde , J . Bradley , 9 s . Gd . ; Birstul , Mr . Oddy , Us . ; Halifax , J . Chaffer , £ 2 13 s . 7 d . ; Drigglington , £ 1 2 s . Communal Building Fund : — Leeds , £ 1 8 s . Gd . ; Drigglington , 5 s . ; Hyde , per J . Bradley , 12 s . 6 d . ; Huddersfield , J . Hirst , 10 s . ; Halifax , per Mr . Chaffer , 4 s . 3 d .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 26, 1850, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_26101850/page/10/
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