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MR. F. O. WARD'S PIC-NIC ON THE PROPOSED...
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PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION. HALIFAX WOKKING...
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SCREW STEAMERS FOR AUSTRALIA. (From the ...
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SCIENTIFIC AIR-VOYAGE The aeronauts, who...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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I International Postage. Tim Association...
" Let a postal union be formed between as many countries as possible , on the following simple grounds : — " 1 . Each country shall fix a rate of foreign postage at its own discretion , provided that the rato be uniform to every country in the proposed postal union , and every part of that country , and that rate shall be prepaid in all cases . " 2 . Each country shall engage to receive , transmit , or deliver to _its address , free of any charge whatever , any letter passing to it free from the post-offices of the other subscribing countries . " In other words , each country shall levy a revenue on letters outwards , none on letters inwards .
" Thus , each country would collect its own revenue in its own coin , subject to its own regulations ; uniformity and simplicity would be secured as far as they are practically useful to the inhabitants of a country , and cheapness would come of itself . Indeed , no Government would enter into such an arrangement that did not recognise the advantageof cheap postage , and no country would very long charge its citizens much more for the carriage of a letter than a stranger would have to pay for the reply to that letter , when the service rendered is precisely the same . "
Ar00607
Mr. F. O. Ward's Pic-Nic On The Proposed...
MR . F . O . WARD'S PIC-NIC ON THE PROPOSED METROPOLITAN GATHERING GROUNDS . On Saturday , Mr . F . O . Ward entertained , for the second time this season , a large party of scientific and literary friends , accompanied by several ladies , at an alfresco dinner , on the gathering grounds near Farnham , whence it is proposed to draw the pure " hill-top " water supplies for the metropolis . Amongst the guests invited were Sir Charles and Lady Fox , Dr . and Mrs . Lyon Playfair , the Count and Countess Mancel , Mr . and Mrs . Monckton Milnes , Mr . and Mrs . William
Coningham , Professor and Mrs . Royle , Mr . and Mrs , Simon , Mr . and Mrs . Mechi , Mr . and Mrs . G . H . Lewes , the Rev . Charles and Mrs . Kingsley , Mr . and Mrs . Robert Browning , Mr . and Mrs . Rice , Mr . and Miss Barlow , Messrs . Edward F . Pigott , George Godwin , Thornton Hunt , Louis Blanc , Herbert Spencer , & c ., of whom , however , a portion were deterred by the lowering aspect of the morning from proceeding to the ground , —of which it was remarked , in a quotation that seemed likely to prove but too felicitous , " The land whither thou goest is a land of hills and valleys , and drinkcth water of the rain of heaven . "
The brilliant outbreak of the sun , _howerer , soon dispersed the apprehensions , and rewarded the courage , of the faithful few who ventured forth to the wild , bleak slope of Hungry hill , to inspect the improved system of gathering tubes or " artificial springs , " which supply Farnham town with the deliciously pure soft water it enjoys . Mr . Ward demonstrated the superior quality of this " hill top" water , as compared with " valley bottom" water , by the application of the soap test and other chemical re-agents . The contrast thus exhibited was most striking—the hill top water remaining brilliantly pellucid , while the earthy valley
bottom water assumed a chalky appearance , exactly like that of the compound which schoolboys designate " skyblue . " After witnessing these _exjieriments , and tasting the cool fresh water drawn directly from the mouth of the main gathering tube , the party drove to Tilford-bridge ; beneath which flows a perennial stream of equally pure water , from the upland district called the Hindhead , in quantity sufficient for the domestic supply of London , as Mr . Ward showed by reference to the gaugings of Messrs . _Ramnicll , Bateman , and Clarke ,
the eminent hydraulic engineers . From Tilford , a most picturesque and romantic drive , alternately through thick woods , over open turf , and down steep narrow lanes , brought the party to Waverloy Abbey ; amidst the ruins of which an excellent dinner was spread on the grass—a large " bright water-jug" sparkling symbolically in tbe midst , surrounded by vessels of the same element in the state of ice , from which certain slim , silver-crowned liottles , protruding pleasantly , divided the attention of the company .
Mr . J . O . Ward , in returning thanks for the proposal of his health , referred to the presence of the ladies as a token of the interest excited by tho pure " hill-top " water agitation , and an earnest of the _Biieeesn which at no distunt period must crown the efforts of the Sanitary Reformers to bring about the definitive abandonment of the sewage-tainted " valley-bottom" river supplies . Ho also mentioned the curious fact that six centuries ago the Cistercian monks , who inhabited Waverley Abbey ( amidst tbe ruins of which they were then dining ) ,
hud abandoned the river Wey , though flowing beneath their windows , nnd had resorted to a distant hill for pure soft water , which they collected and conveyed to tho abbey in subterranean pipes closely resembling tliose laid down on Hungry hill for the supply of Farnham , and recommended for tho supply of the metropolis . Those ancient waterworks of Waverley , he added , wore planned and executed , according to tin ; old records , " with great pains and difficulty" by anionic called " Brother Simon , "—a inuno oddly enough iden-
Mr. F. O. Ward's Pic-Nic On The Proposed...
tical with that of the present able City officer of health , who is now , six centuries later , strenuously" advocating the adoption of a similar system for the supply of London . Mr . Ward concluded by expressing his earnest hope that such a " bright water jug" as then embellished their repast might sparkle at no distant period on every table in London—from that of our Gracious Queen , who , amidst all the luxuries at her disposal , cannot yet command a draught of pure water—down to that of her humblest subject in the meanest alley of the metropolis .
The day , which passed most brilliantly , terminated with a dance in the crypt of the old abbey ; and the party returned to town thoroughly impressed with the superiority of " hill top" over " valley bottom" water ; and convinced that having secured at length thc blessing of the "big loaf , " they should support Mr . F . O . Ward and the sanitary reformers in their meritorious struggle for the " bright water jug . "
Progress Of Association. Halifax Wokking...
PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . HALIFAX WOKKING MAN ' S CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY . At the General Quarterly Meeting of the above Society , held on Monday , August 2 nd , 1852 , it was unanimously resolved , that the thanks of the Members were especially due to R . A . Slaney , Esq ., late M . P . for Shrewsbury , for his long and unremitting services on behalf of the labouring classes ; and a Committee ( consisting of the President , the Secretary , with Messrs . Thompson and J . Crossley , ) was appointed to prepare an address . At a Special General Meeting , held on Monday , August 16 th , the following was unanimously adopted , and ordered to be signed by the priucipal officers on behalf of the Society : —
TO EOBEB _. T AGLIONBY _SLANEY , ESQ . Respected Sib , —We the undersigned , on behalf of The Halifax Wokkikg Man's Cooperative Society , desire to convey to you , on your retirement from active political life , our unfeigned expressions of esteem and gratitude for a long and continuous series of services in the cause of the Labouring Classes of this country . Especially would we wish to record our full appreciation of services rendered by you in the Commons House of Parliament ; where , at times prominently , and at others unobtrusively , you were for so long a period found devoting your abilities , your time , and your means to inquiring into and legislating upon subjects of the highest moment to our social and political improvement . By means of
Committees of Inquiry obtained and assisted by you , and further by your intercourse with the classes in whose welfare you took an interest , masses of most valuable information have been obtained , and made available as the groundwork of healthy and liberal legislation . Improvements in the Poor Laws and Factory Laws , the originating and carrying to a successful issue measures for sanitary , recreative , and prudential purposes , and , moro recently , your exertions in obtaining a most important alteration in the laws relating to the investments of our class , attest that those expressions of gratitude and esteem are a very inadequate return for services so disinterested and important .
That your life may long be spared , and that health and prosperity may attend you , in the calm contemplation of tho result of your labours , is , wo beg to assure you , our sincere and fervent wish . With every sentiment of respect , We remain , on behalf of our Society , Your obedient Servants , Ben j . Walsh aw , President . [ With other Signatures . ] Offices of Tn _« Society , 20 , Cow Ghken , Halifax .
Screw Steamers For Australia. (From The ...
SCREW STEAMERS FOR AUSTRALIA . ( From the Daily _Netvs . _) TnE sailing , on Saturday last , of tho great " screw , " the Great Pritain , from Liverpool , with emigrants for Australia , has lieen regarded in that town as a commercial event ; and there is every evidence that a new epoch in the history of screw steamers has thus been commenced . Thc Great Pritain will ho followed by many screws within u few months ; and , first , by tho Cleopatra , now lying in the East India Docks , and which sails for Port Philip and Sidney on tho 1 st of _Septemlier . This magnificent vessel ( iron ) is inferior hi size and nominal horse power to the Great Pritain , but being about the newest screw steamer afloat , she
is , probably , in virtue of being the last , the liest in tho world iu print of model , speed , and availability for the purpose of un emigrant ship . She is Clyde-built , by the Messrs . Denny , ( her engines by Tulloch and Denny , who are also of Dumbarton ) , anil was intended for the Pra / . ilian trade , recent tempting circumstances explaining her sudden diversion to the line she has now been placed on . The " speculation" is entirely a Liverpool one , and is tho result of individual enterprise , unconnected with any " company" —a single Mersey firm , Messrs . M'Kean and M'Larty , in conjunction with Mr . Lament , an eminent name among tho steam-ship owners of Liverpool , having bought tho vessel , fitted her , and started her ; and her captain ( II . It . dimming )
Screw Steamers For Australia. (From The ...
is a distinguished commander of ocean steamers _sailing from the Mersey . She is of 1 , 500 tons , and of 3 oi > horse power , and will carry out about 320 _passengers in three classes , first , second , and third , in these nro portions ; viz ., 130 cabin , 120 second , and from fifty to seventy third class passengers . As a matter of news , the " fares" may be mentioned , these _including bedding , linen , and all sorts of stores and provisions but not wines or spirits . The fare for the after saloon is 80 guineas ; for the fore saloon , 55 guineas ; for th second cabin , 40 guineas ; third cabin , 25 ' guineas ' * ( bedding to be provided by the third cabin passengers ) . * The saloons are superbly fitted up ; and the othercabins , though destitute of all ornaments , are
thoroughly comfortable , spacious , and convenient . The-Cleopatra presents , of course , all late improvements in steam-ship construction , and is a model for an emigrant ship . The ventilation , in the first place , is perfect - and all the requirements of a long voyage have been fully met . There are six water-ti ght compartments and crowds of boats to provide against the chances of wreck ; and there are " annihilators" to guard against the more terrible disaster of fire . There is a wonderful " Refrigerator , " on a vast scale , in the fore peak , to preserve fresh meat , & c , most of the way ; and there is amidships a more marvellous machine , a condensing apparatus , which may he called a still , its purpose being to convert salt water into fresh . This holds .
1 , 000 gallons ; and there is a novelt y in the great extent of this application of the principle . Her engines are pronounced by the great marine engine builders as the most perfect yet produced ; and it is noticeable , that they differ from those of the Great Pritain , which are on the oscillating principle in bein < r on the lever principle , with multiplying powers . Without sails , the Cleopatra made a wonderfully rapid passage into the Thames from the Clyde ; hut with sails ( she is full frigate-ship-rigged ) , she will go at the average easy rate of thirteen knots an hour . She calls at the Cape for coals , and leaves passengers at Adelaide . She is filling fast with passengers , is fully engaged for goods , and , like the Great Britain , will probably go out to the " diggings" heavy with specie ; If these two screws are successful in their voyages and
returns , losing none of their crews by the gold fever ; ( the Cleopatra is manned with eighty _seameu and engine-men ) , we shall no doubt see the great Liverpool _^' like enterprises imitated generally by private merchants , without the costly intervention of companies ; and in that view the sailing of such a vessel as the-Cleopatra , under such circumstances , on the longest of voyages , is to be regarded as a most important event . The Great Pritain sailed from Liverpool on Saturday , with 640 passengers , and a large amount of specieon board . Crowds of spectators watched her departure from both shores of the river . She is of 3500 tons ;
burden , and is propelled by an engine of 500 horse power . She has four masts , upon which may be spread 13 , 000 yards of canvass . She is capable of accommodating V 30 passengers ; they are divided into threo classes . A " condensor , " an apparatus for fresh water from the salt , is fitted up to supply 2000 gallons of fresh water daily . A supply of coal has been sent on to the Cape , which point the Great Pritain is expected to reach in 25 days . She carries , however , a sufficient quantity of coal to last the whole voyage , under ordinary circumstances . She is expected to reach Melbourne in 5 C days from the time of her depnrture fronu England .
Scientific Air-Voyage The Aeronauts, Who...
SCIENTIFIC AIR-VOYAGE The aeronauts , who ascended to thc heig ht of 19 » & 00 feet on Tuesday week , have given tho following interesting results of their observations : — From the earth , tho sky scorned about _threc-quartoiw covered with clouds ; tho lowest stratum being coin * - _poaed of detached masses of cumulus—an intermediate stratum of higher cumuli—and cirrostratus and cirrocumuli _aliove all . Tho first stratum of clouds was passed very soon after leaving the earth , at the heigh of about half a mile ; the second seemed about two _niiu a half miles high ; but tho highest cirrostratus cloud * were still above tho greatest elevation of tho observers _,, although apparently not very far . Near tho lug lies point of their course , small star-shaped crystals of fl » _oW of perhaps l-25 th or l-30 th of an inch diameter were seen falling , ( possibly their apparent fall was duo to tw
rise of the balloon ) . _^ "At the elevation to which we attained , " _suys m _' Welsh , " no personal inconvenience of any moment wus experienced ; I only perceived a slight oppression abou tho ears and temples—but no difficulty in hre _^ f ' Mr . Nickling perceived , _bcnidcH , a very slight difficulty in breathing before reaching tho greatest height ; >»> the feeling went quickly off , even before we beg "" l < _^ descend . So light was any inconvenience which v / e experienced from tho rarity of tho air , that it did «*>
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 28, 1852, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_28081852/page/6/
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