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tween this country and Sydney , taking only seventy days in the passage . This route would also be convenient for the purposes of postal communication , and it -would be the best for emigrants . The Singapore route had also its advantages . He concluded by moving" That an humble address be presented to her Majesty , praying that she would be graciously pleased to order such measures to be taken as will ensure the immediate establishment of regular steam communication ¦ with , her Australian colonies . "
Sir Charles wood could not consent to the motion , though he acknowledged the importance of having regular steam communication with our Australian colonies , and was greatly disappointed that the measures he had taken to effect this object had been unsuccessful . Last autumn tenders had been made , and the offer of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company to carry the mails for £ 105 , 000 , by a route which would possess the triple advantage of keeping up regular communication with the Australian colonies and England and between the East Indies and China , would have been accepted by the Government , but
they could not come to the arrangement without the assent of the East India Company , who had declined to give their assent , therefore the existing arrangement , which would continue for two years longer , would have to stand . Sir J . W . Hogg charged the right honourable gentleman with having made an exparte statement detrimental to the East India Company , and challenged him to lay the correspondence on the subject on the table of the House . Sir Charles Wood said he would have no objection to produce the correspondence . After some remarks from Mr . Anderson , Mr . Aglionby , Mr . Simeon , Mr . Henley , Mr . Hume , Mr . Divett , and other members , the motion was negatived without a
divi-. Mr . Hume drew attention to the charges for admission to St . Paul ' s Cathedral and its monuments , with the view oi enforcing measures for giving the public free and gratuitous admission . Sir Gt . Grey expressed a hope that this real grievance would be soon removed .
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DEATH OF PRESIDENT TAYLOR . By the steamship Niagara , which arrived at Liverpool on Saturday night , New York papers to the 9 th of July have been received , together with a telegraphic message to the evening of the 11 th . The most important news they bring is the announcement of the death of the President of the United States , Zachary Taylor , who expired at Washington on the night of Monday , the 8 th , or early on Tuesday , the 9 th of July . His indisposition first became known at Washington upon the 7 th , when he was stated to be suffering from diarrhoea . He was attended by Drs . Hall and Witherspoon , of Washington , who reported that his condition at that time was " serious , but not
critical . " it appears , however , that they considered it right to send for the President ' s son-in-law , Dr . Wood , of Philadelphia , who arrived upon the 7 th , and expressed an opinion that the situation of the President was quite as serious as it was when he was visiting Earie in 1849 , and when he suffered severely from the same complaint . On the morning of the 8 th the President was reported to be " very feeble , but somewhat easier . " A subsequent bulletin stated that his malady " had assumed the appearance of remittent typhoid . " Colonel Taylor , the President ' s son , arrived from Baltimore during that day . In the evening the physicians reported " that the President was much better , though not beyond danger . " Within a few hours after , he was dead .
Immediately upon the death of the President , Mr . Fillmore , hitherto Vice-President , assumed the government of the country . He was sworn into office on the 10 th , and the members of the cabinet , as a matter of course , tendered their resignation . Various changes were predicted ; among others it was said that Mr . Webster would be called to office as one of the Secretaries of State . The deceased President , Zachary Taylor , was born in Orance County , Virginia , on the 24 th November , 1786 .
While he was but a few months old , his father , Colonel Richard Taylor , who had distinguished himself in the war of the revolution , migrated with his family to Kentucky . He was one of the early pioneers . Whilst young , the future president aided his father in the labours of the field , and this early exposure to the severity and vicissitudes of the weather , hardy habits and homely fare , laid the foundation of a constitution well adapted to the hardships he afterwards encountered . lie attended schools in the
winter months , whenever aochool , however distant , was accessible , and in summer worked on the farm . While he was yet under age , some movements in the West seemed to threaten the integrity of the Union , and he eagerly enrolled himself in a troop raised to oppose the design . The excitement upon this subject soon subsiding , he returned to the labours of his farm , and to his studies , with a disposition , however , to serve his country in arms much stimulated by what he had seen of mimic war . An elder brother , a lieutenant in the army , dying soon after , he was , through the influence of his relative , James Madison , appointed to the vacancy by President Jefferson , the 3 rd of * Iay , 1808 . General Taylor no sooner entered the service of his country than he exposed his life in her cause . By his
defence of Fort Harrison against great odds , he saved a frontier from devastation . From that early exploit his fame gradually rose , as he went on through a service of some forty years , until his successful campaigns in Mexico—campaigns that secured California for the United States—gave him a reputation extending to all parts of the world . During the whole of the Mexican war , he is said to have been remarkable for his care of the men under his command ; for his readiness to expose himself to danger ; and his desire to obtain peace as the best reward of all military exertion . On his triumphant return from Mexico his friends put
him in nomination for the office of president . He was for a time an unwilling candidate , but when he at length agreed to enter the lists , his plain straightforward conduct gained him many new supporters . His two opponents were General Cass and Mr . Van Buren , but the real contest lay between Taylor and Cass , and its termination in November , 1 S 48 , showed the electoral votes of the states toT > e : For General Taylor , 163 ; for General Cass , 127 ; majority for Taylor . 36 . The term of office of the new President commenced in March , 1849 ,, so that he has only been about sixteen months in office .
Nathaniel Fillmore , the father of the new President of the United States , was an American farmer of humble means , who lived at Summer Hill , Cayuga county , New York , where Millard , now President , was born , January 7 , 1800 . About the year 1802 he removed to the town of Sempronius , now Niles , and resided there till 1819 , when he removed to Erie county , where he still lives , cultivating a small farm . The narrow means of his father deprived Millard Fillmore of any advantages of education beyond what were afforded by the imperfect and illtaught common schools of the country . Books were scarce and dear , and at the age of fifteen , when more favoured youths are far advanced in their classical
studies , or enjoying in colleges the benefit of well-furnished libraries , young Fillmore had read but little except his common school books and the Bible . At that period he was sent into the wilds of Livingston county to learn the clothiers' trade . He remained there about four months , and was then placed with another person to pursue the same business and wool carding in the town where his father lived . A small village library that was formed there soon after gave him the first means of acquiring general knowledge through books . He improved the opportunity thus offered ; the appetite grew by what it fed upon . The thirst for knowledge soon became insatiate , and every leisure moment was spent in reading .
Four years were passed in this way , working at his trade and storing his mind , during such hours as he could command , with the contents of books of history , biography , and travels . At the age of nineteen he fortunately made an acquaintance with the late Judge Wood , a man of wealth and great business capacity , who had an excellent law library . He soon saw that under the rude exterior of the clothier ' s boy were powers that only required proper development to raise the possessor to distinction and usefulness , and advised him to quit his trade and study law . In reply to a question , of a lack of education , means , and friends to aid him in a course of professional
study , Judge w kindly give mm a place his office , to advance money to defray his expenses , and wait until success in business should furnish the means of repayment . The offer was accepted . The apprentice boy bought his time , entered the office of Judge Wood , and for more than two years applied himself closely to business and study . He read law and general literature , and studied and practised surveying . Fearing he should incur too large a debt to his
benefactors , he taught in a school for three months in the year , and thus acquired the means of partially supporting himself . In the autumn of 1821 he removed to the county of Erie , and the next spring entered a law office in Buffalo . There he sustained himself by teaching in a school , and continued his legal studies until the spring of 1823 , when he was admitted to the Common Pleas , and commenced practice in the village of Aurora , where he remained until 1830 , when he again removed to Buffalo .
He was elected to Congress in 1832 , and ever since that he has continued to advance in position and personal influence . His admirers say that every station in which he has been placed he has shown himself " honest , capable , and faithful to the constitution . " He was emphatically one of the people . For all that he had and has , he was indebted under God to his own exertions . Born to an inheritance of comparative poverty , he struggled with difficulties that would have appalled and crushed a less resolute man . He was elected Vice-President , and now , by the death of General Taylor , the a ouce clothier ' s boy is President of the United States .
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MR . FERRAND AT EXETER . The members of the Wool League held a meeting at Exeter on Friday , which was pretty well attended . The chief speakers were the Earl of Stanhope , Mr . Gr . F . Young , and Mr . Ferrand . The speech of the latter was by far the most outrageous of any he has yet delivered . After a furious attack upon the press for haying dared to ridicule his absurd scheme , and a glowing picture of the golden age of England , before the grandfathers and grandmothers of the people of Exeter knew what cotton was , he entered into a description of the cruelties practised upon the negroes in the United States which will be now to most of our readers : — " And now let me ask , how is this cotton grown and cultivated which is brought to England ? There are in the American slave states 3 , 000 , 000 slaves almost entirely employed in producing it . The barbarities , the cruelties , the murders inflicted upon these people are more horrible than language can describe . No man could believe it possible had he not read the accounts of them published so authentically that none can dare to deny the
fact . Why , would you believe it , that , during the growing and harvesting of the cotton crop , these slaves are required to work twenty-two hours out of the twentyfour . When exhausted nature refuses to perform its task , they are struck down on the ground by bludgeons , and flogged by leathern thongs until their lacerated flesh falls off their bones , and the ground is covered with their blood . When they can no longer rise to labour for these Lancashire cotton men , cayenne and oil of vitriol are poured into their lacerated wounds , in order to prevent the mangled flesh from putrifying and breeding maggots in the sun . {* Oh , oh ! ' and cheers . ) Well , I say , that it is to keep up this odious , this atrocious , this bloodunder the
stained system , that England is now groaning tyranny of Manchester Free Traders . Will you not , then , put an end to their reign ? ( ' , yes , ' and cheers . ) Will you not grow your own wool and flax ? Will you not save your native land from so vile a stain ? { Cheers . ) You are bound in honour , patriotism , and love to your fellow-countrymen , as well as these slaves , to do it . { Cheers . ) Your Bible tells you to love your neighbour as yourself , and I need not ask you who is your neighbour . Remember there are 3 , 000 , 000 of slaves tortured and murdered that you may wear cotton . { Hear . ) It is as easy as getting up to-morrow to wear wool . You have the power of producing on your own soil £ 40 , 000 , 000 worth of raw material , which is now brought from foreign nations— £ 20 , 000 , 000 worth of cotton and £ 20 , 000 . 000 worth of hemp and flax . Farmers , will you grow this market in
raw material ? { Cheers . ) There is a every country ; grow it , and the spinners will come to you for it . Restore the market to your own country . Cease to drive 300 , 000 labourers to congregate in Lancashire . Keep them at home . Remember that labour it is which enriches the land , and that without labour the land must soonbecome barren . { Cheers . ) One word more . The Lancashire cotton spinners have their own fate in their own hands . Let them give up their incendiary intentions and become loyal subjects , then will we grow flax and produce wool for them to spin . But let them persevere in the course in which they have hitherto trodden , and I tell them , I warn them , that such is the feeling springing up in this country against their odious , their blood-dripping cotton , that if they persevere in importing it we will meet it half way and sink the accursed cargoes in the deep Atlantic . " { Enormous cheering , which was renewed again and again . )
The great orator having finished his address , Mr . Paul Foskett and one or two similar lesser lights essayed to address the meeting , but the pepper of Mr . Ferrand ' s speech having quite unsuited the mental palates of the guests for any less stimulating dainties , the company soon began to straggle away , musing upon the marvellous statements they had heard , and planning terrible deeds of vengeance against " the incendiary Lancashire cotton-spinners , " but for whom the price of wheat might still be 60 s . or 70 s . a quarter .
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THE QUEEN OF SPAIN . According to the medical bulletins , the Queen of Spain still continues convalescent . It is understood that she will set out for San Ildefonso as soon as she is quite recovered , and that all the members of the royal family will accompany her . After a brief stay there , the Duke and Duchess de Montpensier will return to Seville , to continue consolidating and increasing their party in Andalucia , the only province of Spain in which they are popular . The Madrid correspondent of the t —The
Possays : " Ministerial papers , what with their midwifery and inflated sentimentalism , are rendering themselves and patrons disgustingly ridiculous . To hear them talk , one would suppose that * the innocent Isabel , ' « her excellent , noble mother , ' 'the enchanting Duchesse de Montpensier , ' * the adoring , magnanimous King-Consort , ' and * the intrepid Duke of Valencia' were transformed , during the royal accouchement , into angels and heroes , or that they enacted those characters with wings , and before an admiring Court . Now I can affirm that it passed off as such affairs generally do , even in the best-regulated families , which , the royal family of Spain certainly is not .
With the exception of Queen Christina , the parties present behaved like ordinary mortals . It is true that his Majesty the King , who had not separated himself for an instant from his adored wife , overcome by his feelings , pressed the Duke of Valencia ' s hands in his and wept bitterly , whilst the Queen-Mother suffered intensely . ' When it was evident even to unprofessional eyes that the chief physician held in his hands a corpse , and that the Montpensier star was not destined to be eclipsed this time by the interposition between it and the throne of a living heir-apparent , Queen Christina caught the defunct in her arms , and , with well-affected solicitude , tried to inflate its lungs . ' He lives ! ' she cried , in a theatrical tone . ' He breathes ! he breathes ! ' which
was not the case . The doctors , of course , like accomplished courtiers , joined in the moving scene . Sinapisms wore applied , a bath of ether was got ready , and bellows set to work , but all was in , vain ; they might just as well have tried to resuscitate an Egyptian mummy . But the closing coup de theatre , or , rather , coup de barbarisme , cmulutod the superstitious vagaries of that highly civilized potentate , the Emperor of Hayti , and will entitle the Court of her Most Catholic Majesty to become the laughing-stock of Europe . The poor little innocent was dead ; nevertheless a sheep was slain and disembowelled in the room , and the prince deposited in its body . "
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July 27 , 1850 . ] ffif ) $ & £ && £ ?? 4 U
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Leader (1850-1860), July 27, 1850, page 411, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1848/page/3/
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