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dtyra Cmraril.
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of the objects as proposed in the programme of business . " On the motion of Messrs . Holyoake and Arnott , the following was unanimously adopted : —The executive committee , in recommending that the exn 8 e 8 of the delegates to the National Convention be Said from a general Convention Fund , considered that mode the most democratic ; but several districts having dissented therefrom , and the expressed opinions of the people being paramount on all questions to the
of this character , we advise that all delegates , said Convention be paid by their constituents ; at the same time we entreat that no delegates be elected unless those who elect them are determined to support them . Those friends who may not t > e able to take part in the elections may render pecuniary aid to defray the incidental expenses which maybe incurred throug h such delegation , and forthwith forward their subscriptions to the general secretary . " Messrs . Holvoake , Jones , and Reynolds were appointed to attend the public meeting at John-street on Tuesday
evening next . Redemption Society . —Moneys received for the week ending March 10 th : —Leeds , £ 1 5 s . 2 $ d . ; Montrose R . Fulton , 3 s 6 d . ; Bagley , Is . 5 d . ; Newcastle , J . H-, Is . Communal Building Fund : —Montrose , It . Fulton , 3 s . ; Leeds , 3 s . Coventry Soiree of the Redemption Society . — On Tuesday last a large party , to the number of about five hundred young persons of both sexes , assembled at St Mary ' s-hall , under the management of a committee connected with the Leeds Redemption Society . After tea , Mr . May was called on to preside . Mr . J . Farn called attention to the principles and objects of the Communists' Redemption Society , observing that it was
the common error of the people of this country to neglect their own affairs , and then to complain that their in . terests were not properly attended to . The Redemption Society originated at Leeds ; its purpose was to improve the moral , social , and physical condition of the people . Its plan was , in the first instance , to procure land ; and ultimately , as funds accumulated , to erect buildings , and locate i's members thereon , whose employment would comprise both agricultural and manufacturing operations . Its great principle was that of cooperation—cooperation not merely for the accumulation of wealth , but for its equitable distribution ; thus rescuing the labourer from that position which , under the present competitive system , left him to be the slave of wages , and rendered him
liable at any moment to be placed on the verge of pauperism , or thrust into the vortex of crime . The Reverend E . R . Larken , M A ., rector of Burton-by-Lincoln , next rose to address the meeting . He spoke of the society being the promotion of happiness and concord amongst mankind , and , therefore , it was one in which every Christian man might unite ; and it had been his pleasure to attend on other platforms , where he had met the ministers of almost every religious denomination all agreed in promoting this undertaking The Leeds Society had particularly satisfied themselves of the success which followed the undertakings of the Rappites and the Shakers in the United States of America , where they were the possessors of large estates , ample stock , and a considerable amount of cash . Tht ir business was
prosperous , and likely to continue so , inasmuch as their produce was sought for in the markets , and taken in preference to the produce of many other states . By this practical evidence of success , the Leeds Society , formed in 1845 , took encouragement in their project to redeem the working classes from the evils under which they at present suffered . The smallness of the contributions of members would require eome time to accumulate any great amount of funds ; but it was satisfactory to know that there weie some large and liberal contributions . It was a rule of the society not to incur any expense which they had not the means of paying ; nor to run into debts which they could not at any time discharge . Among the best benefactors to the society was a Mr . Williams ,
of Gor . se , in Wales , who , satisfied with the soundness of their principles , had given them an estate of 1 ( 55 acres of land in Wales , subject to the life interest of his father and mother , and which . estate had already been conveyed to himself ( Mr . Larken ) , and two other trustees . A quantity of 8 < i acres , however , the society had already entered upon , at a rent of £ . 53 per year . The manufacture of shoes was going on successfully on the estate , under the management of Mr . Bentley , of Leeds , who had been sent there ; and it was found that the shoes made on the society ' s estate could bo sold at Leeds cheaper than those manufactured in the town ; in fact , the public found that the society ' s shoes offered them such advantages both as to price and quality , that they had more orders than they could execute , and it had ,
therefore , been found necessary to elect and send out a number more shoemakers to the eBtate . The reverend gentleman suid he was aware of the impatience of the meeting to proceed to the festive part of their entertainment ; but on Homo future occasion , he would be happy to meet till friendly to the principles of cooperation , of which he appeared as the advocate , and go into more ample dctailu . He hoped , however , that what had been now advanced would operate as u stimulux to inquiry and investigation on Uuh important subject . Votes of thanks having been given to Mr . Larken for his attendance at the preKcnt meeting , and ulso to the chairman for his jkindncHH in presiding , the company proceeded to the agreeable amunement of dancing , which was-kept up till about liiidnii / lit .
] Jin < h , ky . —On Monday , March 10 , Mr . L . M . Kydd , of London , delivered a lecture in the new Odd l'dlownhall , Hinglcy ( bubjeot—The Probable Future of the Working ChiHBCH , Hhowing the Evil Kff . etN IndividualiHin hud upon Society , and the Probable HihuHh of Cooperation . ) After an aridrcHH of an hour-and-a-half Mr . Ky dd oat down , amid loud applause . A gentleman among the audience asked the following question—Providing
individualism was annihilated , it was many people's opinion that invention would cease . Mr . Kydd replied that men in all ages bad progressed . Men who had been confined in felons' cells for years had made wonderful progress . He believed that man was naturally a progressive being . The answer appeared satisfactory . Mr . Alderson , of Maningham , who had presided as chairman , stated he ( being a tailor ) and a number of others had opened a cooperative shop in Bradford , for the purpose of selling their own produce , and having the profits themselves . We are also glad to state that our cooperative provision store in Bingley is doing exceedingly well . Members increase every week , and they are extending their business with drapery goods . —W . Wilkinson .
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THE POLISH-HUNGARIAN EXILES IN LIVERPOOL . 10 , Melton-street , Euston-square , March 12 , 1851 . Sir , —The daily London press inserted a letter written by a Mr . Divssy , calling himself Kossuth ' s secretary , asserting that Chartists went on board the ship Arpia , with the view of persuading the Poles not to go to America ; that previously to this visit the refugos were all willing to prpefeed to America ; that a Major Wallinowski had declared himself to be ready to proceed to America , but since the arrival of the refugees in Liverpool , they had refused to submit to his authority ; finally , that they left Constantinople with the intention of proceeding to the United States . Now , Sir , these assertions are certainly incorrect . It is untrue that Chartists went on board of the ship ; it is likewise untrue t' > at before that pretended visit the refugees were willing to proceed to America , for their unwillingness to proceed thither dates from Shumla ; not less untrue is it that Major Wallinowski , whose real name is Wolynski , declared himself ready to go to America , and that the refugees refused to submit to his authority , for there was no occasion for submission , as the said major neither is nor ever was their chief , but is as he was heretofore , one of the members of their committee , and continues , as previously , to be generally beloved and respected by his fellowexiles . Finally , it is not true that these exiles , before leaving Constantinople , manifested the intention of proceeding to the United States ; therefore no compact was entered into by them at Constantinople , or anywhere else , rendering it obligatory on them to proceed thither nolens nolens .
Should an investigation in this direction be instituted , the said refugees are in possession of documents corroborative of my denials , and strong enough to confound all contradiction . I cannot help adding that , whilst it is natural enough that the Hritisli Government , from mere financial motives perhaps , should endeavour to get rid of the exiles , wo cannot understand what business a foreigner in this country , a Hungarian , can have to exert himself with the view of attaining the same object , unless he is in the agency of Austria or Prussia , or at least accidentally doing the work of those two despotic powers . —I am . Sir , your obedient servan ( Capttiin M . Domaoaxbki .
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DUTY OF THE PEOPLE TO BE POLITICIANS . Lower-plnci" , nearltochdale , March II , 1851 . Snt , —No newnpapor , on the whole , has been ho entertaining , so instructive , nnd so hopeful to me us the Lender . One thing , however , has often and rather forcibly occurred to me , which is , that the majority of itw writers do not fool , nnd probably never have felt , what it wuh to be poor . This is an important matter , and in one reason why it does not circulate ho widely as could bo wished umongHt the labouring clrtHH . That one of poverty ' s own may have his Bay in your Open Council I send you the subjoined . It is the concluding part of the last of two lecturcx on
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" Morality , " which I gave some time ago in the neighbourhood of Rochdale . Yours , very respectfully , Robin Hood . *
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" It is our duty to be politicians . If we want good laws , if we want good acts of Parliament , if we want a good and cheap Legislature , if we want a pure and equitable administration of public affairs , we must see to our political duties . As well and as reasonably might we expect grapes of thorns , or figs of thistles , as public blessings without attending to public duties . It has long , and with truth , been said that God helps those only who help themselves ; but it is due to modern science that he helps them only in the way in which they help themselves . Prayer is impotent to procure political reform . Throughout all English history there is not a single instance , that I am aware of , of a political measure being obtained through the agency of prayer . Eight years of peaceful , moral agitation has done more towards cheapening the bread of the people of this country by a thousand times than twenty years of previous prayer .
" Government is a power , and as such is instrumental for good or for evil . I know of no other power ( except that of the people ) that has done more towards keeping the people ignorant and vicious than the Government . It is undeniable that every human being possesses certain faculties , and that in proportion as those faculties are properly or improperly developed by example and by precept , in that proportion will they be intelligent and virtuous , or ignorant and vicious . " Our Government has done a good deal , it has spent an incredible sum of money—eight hundred millions , in what ? in properly training and educating the people ? in teaching the rising generation the way it should go ? in seconding a virtuous parent ' s wishes by surrounding his
children with kindly , lovely influences ? in striving to mitigate those evils to which all mankind are subject , and which all true philosophers seek to lessen rather than increase ? No ! But in killing their own kind , in murdering their own species , in developing the worst faculties and passions of which the human mind is capable , in spreading a network of vice throughout the length and breadth of the land , in being a source of poverty and heart sickness to hundreds and thousands of our brothers and sisters . And how are these things to be remedied ? I answer , by attending to our political duties . If a man wisht-s to become a clever accountant , he must study arithmetic ; if he would excel as a penman , he must practise his hand and fingers to the graceful movements
of an adept in penmanship ; and if we desire success in any private or public affair , we must devote ourselves to the particular means by which it is to be accomplished . According to the experience of mankind , on no other condition , or conditions , will God grant our request . If ever that saying 'he that gathereth not with us scatt ? reth , he that is not for us is against us , ' was true , it is true in a political sense . Never , I think , was it more so . If , for example , a number of good men and true are agreed on a question of importance , —a question , the agitation of which they are thoroughly convinced will be of great service to the nation , they immediately commence a seriesof lectures and public meetings throughout the country ; they discharge their own duties , and do all they can to influence others to the performance of theirs ;
but o instead of meeting with that encouragement and support which their philanthropic views led them to expect , they meet with lukewarmness , apathy , and even contempt . Every one has not the fortitude to fight continually against the ignorant blindness and indifferent coldness of professed liberals , and insensibility to one ' s rights is not the best thing for calling it forth—so their zeal cools , their courage is discouraged , their good intentions are more than ever likely to remain so—they are ready to give up . Previous , however , to doing bo , they wish to try what can be done in the ' Commons' House , ' but there they are told that the country is contented and happy , that it desires not the change they seek—that though every means ha 3 been tried to disturb the people , they would neither attend their meetings , nor encourage their proceedings .
" ihus while our apathy discourages our best friends , it puts into the hands of our enemies one of the strongest weapoiiB wherewith to beat them . He , then , politically , who gathereth not with us , scattereth ; he that is not for us is against us . Would these things be if the people were alive to their public duties ? Would they not rather rise up and speak as one man ? When a truth was enunciated in the south , would it not be echoed in the north ? When a good measure wan proposed in Birmingham , would it not be seconded in Glasgow ? When London spoke , would not all the provinces respond ? Certainly they would ; and , as surely as we live , as much good would then be done in one week as now in twelve months . "
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[ In this department , as all opinions , however extreme , are allowed an bxpbession , the editor necessarily holds himself responsible for none . ]
Dtyra Cmraril.
dtyra Cmraril .
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There is no learned , man but will confess he hath , much profited by reading controversies . hi 3 senses awakened , and his judgment sharpened . If , then , it be profitable for him to read , why should it not , at least , be tolerable for his adversary to write . —Milton .
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March 15 , 1851 . ]! SftC ILtalttt . 255
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EXISTENCE OF A DEITY . London , March 9 , 18 . "> 1 . " Atheism leaves a man to «« 'n « o , to philosophy , to naturnl piety , to lawn , to reputation ; all which may guide to moral virtue , though religion were not . "— 'Loud Uaoon . Sir , —In all ages , in every clime , the desire for a continual existence has prevailed ; and fear and ignorance have never failed to produce their gods , alike destructive of morality and huppincss" l ' c . ir made her devils , and weak hopn hcrgoda : GocIh jmrtUl , oliuiitfcful , p ^ iriuioiiato , unjiiut , VVIioho attributed were ruirn , revenue ., or hmt ; Huch iiH tlinHoul of cowards ini ^ iit conceive , And formed like , tyruiitti , tyraiita would believe . " As nothing in more saored than truth , we should proceed to its discovery by the most direct and natural meanH , wheroHoever it may lead us . Want of «|) uco coiii |>« ' 1 h uh to ( five onl y a portion of wliut our correspondent ) mn favoured un with . —I ' . u .
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Leader (1850-1860), March 15, 1851, page 255, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1874/page/19/
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