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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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pason ( open wood ) , 32 feet ; Open diapason ( ditto ) , 16 feet ; Open diapason ( metal ) , 16 feet ; Violon ( ditto ) , 16 feet ; Bourdon , 16 feet ; Tromba , 16 feet ; Trumpet , 8 feet ; Octave ( metal ) , 8 feet ; Octave ( wood ) , 8 feet ; Quint , 6 feet ; Super octava ( metal ) , 4 feet ; Clarion * 4 feet ; Sesquialtera , 3 ranks ; Mixture ( ditto ) . Choir Organ , C C to G , 14 stops : —Bourdon , 16 feet ; Open diapason , 8 feet ; Dulciana , 8 feet ; Viol diGamba , 8 feet ; Stopped diapason , 8 feet ; Corno di bassetto , 8 feet ; Viola , 4 feet ; Principal , 4 feet ; Flute ( open wood ) , 4 feet ; Flute ( closed metal ) , 4 feet ; Octave Cremona , 4 feet ; 15 th , 2 feet ; Piccolo , 2 feet ; Orchestral oboe , 8 feet .
Couplers . — Great to swell , swell to great , choir to great , swell to choir , swell to pedals , great to pedals , choir to pedals . The whole of the stops extend throughout the compass of the various claviers ; except the orchestral oboe , which , from its close resemblance to the instrument , is only of the same compass . This organ is altogether a triumph of manufacdifficulties of
ture . All the mechanical organplaying are removed , and the voicing of the stops for the production of a blending combination , is most artist ic . Some notion may be obtained of the perfect effect produced by the lever action , from the fact that a movement like the " Cat ' s Minuet " may be performed on the pedals . However rapidly the toe may be passed along them , every note speaks beneath the slightest pressure .
In the gallery at the eastern end of the nave stands Messrs . Gray and Davison ' s organ , which bade welcome to the Queen on the day of the inauguration . It then stood in the north gallery of the transept ; but was immediately afterwards removed to its present position . This organ is an exceedingly compact and elegant instrument . The ca- ^ e is of oak , with mouldings supporting four towers o f speaking pipes decorated elaborately . There are three manuals from C C to F in alt , and a separate pedal organ from C C C to E , two octaves and a third ; two horizontal bellows , with double feeders of different degrees of pressure , and six composition pedals for changing the stops . The following is the composition : —
Great Organ , 13 stops : — Double open diapason , 16 feet ; Open diapason , 8 feet ; Stopped diapason , 8 feet ; Octave , 4 feet ; Flute , 4 feet ; a Twelfth , 3 feet ; Fifteenth , 2 feet ; Flageolet , 2 feet ; Sesquialtera , 3 ranks ; Mixture , 2 ranks ; Posaune , 8 feet ; Clarion , 4 feet . Sivell , 9 stops : —Bourdon , 1 G feet ; Open diapason , 8 feet ; stopped diapason , 8 feet ; Octave , 4 feet ; Fifteenth , 2 feet ; Sesquialtera , 3 ranks ; Cornopean , 8 feet ; Oboe , 8 feet ; Clarion , 4 feet . " Choir , 8 stops : —Dulciana , 8 feet ; Keraulophon , 8 feet ; stopped diapason , bass , 8 feet ; Clarionet flute , 8 feet ; Octave , 4 feet ; Flute , 4 feet ; Fifteenth , 2 feet ; Clarionet , 8 feet .
Vedal Organ , 4 stops : — Grand open diapason , 16 feet ; Grand bourdon , 10 feet ; Grand octave , 8 feet ; Grand bonibarde , 16 feet . Couplers . —Swell to great , swell to choir , swell to pedals , great to pedals , choir to pedals . " This organ is infinitely more effective in its present position than when it ; stood in the north gallery of the transept . The voicing is an exaggeration of the breadth usually observed in Gray ' s instruments . It is in some of its stops positively coarse , and it requires much softening to make it a good instrument . The organ built by Gray , now in St . James ' s Church , Cheltenham , is the most exquisite specimen of a combination ol breadth and delicacy of lone . Messrs . Gray might refresh themselves at their own model .
Messrs . Hill , the builders of the Birmingham and York organs , exhibit a very fine instrument , though of small compass . It contains all the modern improvements of organs built by this eminent firm . The touch is exceedingly light and pleasant , from the application of the pneumatic 1 > rineiple . There are no wind trunks , the wind > eing conveyed through a hollow stand , by which arrangement much room is saved . The usual lever and draw stops are dispensed with , ( lieslides being drawn by keys at each end of the manuals . This alteration is , however , somewhat questionable . To one thoroughly accustomed to this particular organ it would prove a great , facility , hut any one sitting at the instrument for the first time must find it very puzzling .
The ( heat . Organ , contains 10 ntop » : ¦— -Double . ) diapason , 10 feet ; Open diapason , H feet ; Stop ditto , 8 feet ; Principal , A feet , 12 foot , . ' » feet , lath , 2 fret ; WcsquifiKera , \\ raiikn ; Cornopean , 8 feet . ; Kriimhorn , 8 feet ; and Wuld flute ,-1 feet . The , Echo On / an contaiiiN /> Ht . opH : —Stop diapiiHon , imBH ; Cluril ) ell . i " , treble ; ( Jems horn , 4 feet ; llohl flute , 8 feet ; llautboin , 8 feet . There is also a tuba mirabilis , a m ; d stop of great power , with separate sound-boards and action . The peculiar power of this stop in produced
by wind at a great pressure , from a separatepair of bellows . It is o ? very fine quality , and either as a solo stop or in continuation is exceedingly eff T he manual 3 are from C C to F , and the pedal organ from C C C to E , or nine notes The organ is inclosed in a Venetian swell , and the echo organ is inclosed in another swell . The coupler movement unites the two sets of keys and the pedal organ to either . There are four composition pedals . There is also a movement connected with the swell pedals , which enables the performer to open the swell to any extent , or fix it in any
position . . , The voicing of all the stops in this organ is extremely delicate ; too much so , if it were required for a church or large building . Indeed this very delicacy of voicing , which is a peculiar characteristic of Hill ' s organs , while it is invaluable for chamber instrument ! , is carried to so great an extent as to become a defect in organs on a large scale . The Birmingham organ is a magnificent instrument , but it really does not produce the effect which might have been anticipated . If a greater breadth of voicing were adopted in organs of great magnitude , Messrs . Hill would produce perfection , so far as tone is concerned .
Mr . Bishop by no means represents his position as an organ-builder by the very small chamber instrument he sends to the Exhibition . It is a cabinet organ , possessing great sweetness of tone ; and from its containing pedals , or composition pedals , is an admirable instrument for the musicroom or for private practice . Mr . Walker exhibits an organ with 8 stops ; but as it is always under lock and key , we can speak of nothing but the case , which is stated to be in the Tndor style .
An organ of exceedingly sweet tone is exhibited by Mr . Holdich . The great peculiarity is a stop called the " diaocton , " which has the effect of giving voice to the corresponding note and its octave in each rank of stops of each note struck . It is an admirable addition to the combinative machinery lately introduced in organ manufacture . Germany is represented by only one organ , from the works of Schulze , of Rudolstadt . It is a very
singular structure , having 10 stops , two rows of keys and pedals , a coupler of the pedals and manuals , and an octave coupler . The pedals lie under the feet like a cradle , rising up at the two extremities ; they are broad flat-looking affairs , and the draw-stops are as large as those which have just been removed from the organ in St . Paul ' s Cathedral . We have never had an opportunity of hearing this instrument since the day of inauguration . It appeared to be of good tone ; but , like German organs generally , but little variety .
The French organ jn the nave has attracted very general attention . From its position it can scarcely be overlooked , and it , is played so frequently that every one has an opportunity of heaving it . It certainly is an exceedingly line instrument ; though possessing more brilliancy than solemnity of tone , it is more adapted for the concert-room than a ehureh . The organ has ' 20 stops , ' 2 manuals and German pedals . Kach manual comprises 5 octaves , from C C to C , and the pedals 2 octaves , from CCC to C . Great On / an , 10 stops : — Open diapason , 8 feet ; ] 5 o . ll diapason , 8 feet ; Dulciana ; Stopped diapason , 8 feet ; stopped double diapason , 1 (> feet ; Principal , ¦ 1 feet ; Fourniture , /» ranks ; Trumpet , 8 feet ; Double trumpet , Hi feet ; Clarion- 812 pipes . All t Ik * reed-stops on this manual are on a separate wind-chest , and are supplied with air at a greater pressure than the diapasons . Swell , 8 ntops : - •¦ -Stopped diapason , 8 foot ; liar inonir . or Gorman flute ; Viola di Gamba ; Open diapahoii , H foot ; Principal , 4 foot ; Trumpet ; Oboe . bum-Hum ; Cor Annlai . s , free riud 4 b \) pipew .
Vedal Off / an ,- Pedal pipes , 1 (> foot , 2 /> pipes ; Ophiclciile , i (> foot , 2 f > pipes—M ) pipes . Couplers , ( ireat . to swell , in unison ; octave below and octave above . J ' odals to great , organ . The tone of the combined organ in most energetic ; the bell diapason and harmonic flule giving great brilliancy . It will he perceived there are an immensely increased number of reed-stops compared to organs of similar dimensions built , in England or Germany . . Hut M . I hicroquet deserves all that has been said of him . His organ , though oU ' erin g that orchestral peculiarity of tone which makes it , as we have said , more suited for secular than sacied purposes , is a very magnificent instrument , and has upheld the position of France among organ-building countries .
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THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE . Italians !— 'The hour of deliverance approaches at home and abroad every thing contributes to hasten it . Abroad the nations feel that henceforth their interest is strictly bound up with yours ; that the Revolution will not triumph definitively save by the simultaneous outburst of all the Peoples , and by their fraternal solidarity . At home , implacable tyranny has never
contributed more efficaciously to fortify your minds , to strengthen your souls , and to penetrate them with the sacred love of liberty . In two years political despotism and the clerical caste have renewed all the ferocious persecutions of the middle ages . At Rome , Naples , Milan , and Palermo , their sole instruments of action have been banishment , prisons , the sword , and the axe . la two years they have turned a generous people—a people full of clemency and magnanimity when it was master—into a people full of hatred and revenge . The past has , indeed , been recalled in all that it had of savage and fratricidal—the knife responds to the axe and the poignard to the gun .
It is a terrible trial , O Italians ! and you bear it with heroic courage , because you know that the cause which is at stake in Italy , is not only that of your independence and liberty , but that it is the cause of the human conscience . In the struggle between light and darkness , between progress and immorality , between life and death , between freedom of thought , in short , and Catholicism , it was necessary , in order to remove every veil , to efface utterly any lingering prestiges , to fortiftimid minds and cowardly consciences-
y it was necessary that the Papacy should be iorced to return to its fatal law of religious anathema and secular extermination . It was necessary , in order to enlighten all eyes , that the Papacy should speak of liberty while surrounded by executioners , as it had before spoken of mercy in the midst of fire and faggots—in a word , it was necessary that the terrorism of the Papal dogma should again be brougu into the service of the state . It was necessary that
the haughty institution which has ruined , destroyed all those nations servilely bowed down beneath nei yoke-Italy , Spain , Portugal , Poland Bo \ M ' Hungary , Austria , the Republics of the Middle Ages , as well as the Southern Republics ot tut New World—it was necessary that it shou ( 1 W anew amid tortures and by force , in order that t cry of independence might escape from " > c ™ v ollt human soul- " No more Theocracy ! -No more Papal Despotism !—Unlimited absolute UOciiy
conscience ! " ™; , h 1 Italians ! in this last crusade of the human mm against the monstrous oppressions of the pas , y have , a noble part to play . When Europe in . shall say-- " No more Kings !"—it is from the /<»»» _ / the . People that must issue this sentence ot cii- ^ pat / urn— " No more Pope ! " every member < i New World being , under the collective iiisp "' . of his brethren , both Pope and King unt 0 ., ! 'J cVii Tims shall be broken , in the same day , t »« ^ power which under two names has ° l ) I )| t'hH tw () world for so many centuries—that sword vv worm ior so many ceniuiu-w—iu «» " ¦• - i ?/ viHy «
, edges , one called Theocracy and ^' flf ^ Jv To give to the human conscience Ju » ]» " im of itself , such is , (> Italians ! the iir f f ^^ h . assigned to you in the common work ol t »« ' ¦ ? Is not this a page worthy of you'" «» CIC" ' | W ) l , You have had a Rome irresistible through to I ^ a Rome , made once more young llu " f i ,, lVo renaissance and the Arts ; it is for you '"> . ii ( i <) Ill , a Rome of religious liberty—to have u \\ ^^ parahle glory , that theogonies , before WJ 1 H , , U 1 < 1 tiling else in this world has passed av ^'(! : ll ) jtol , each pass away successively before y <> ^ (| ay still standing strong and stately . « ' ( , | ltcr when you shake off the dust of the ton > , ¦ ¦ fu , into a new life , you will again become a P <
and great , nation . . . ,, nd ? ' " What , is wanted for you to altuin _»* ' thi » 'tf bo reborn unto your own entitle t alrcudy half achieved ;—
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This page is accorded to an authentic Exposition of the Opinions and Acts of the Democracy of Europe : as such we do not impose any restraint on the utterance of opinion , and , therefore , limit our own responsibility to the authenticity of the statement .
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 23, 1851, page 808, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1897/page/20/
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