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d)x$atti)almm jf fjre !@m$lt, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL.
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€nmmminl Iffaira. 1 ^k.^^^
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To win your independence . To constitute your unity . In 1848 , did you not accomplish the most difficult of your tasks ? Do you not already know how an enemy is driven out ? Have you not already been masters from the Alps to the Sea ? Why should you not he so once more ? If you should need them , there are brothers who
will come to your aid . The hands which have been clasped in London are the pledge of an alliance between the Peoples ; and the coming year , which threatens ancient tyrannies , is pregnant for us with hopes and with propitious events . Be prepared , then , and be confident . But independence once gained can only be durable on one condition—to make of Italy one body politic , from Palermo to the frontiers of France .
No Federalism ;—Homogenity , Cohesion—complete absolute political unity . It was Royal Federalism which destroyed you in 1848 . Condemned for ever at Milan and Novara , it can never return . But beware also of Republican Federalism—that would ruin you through anarchy , as the other through the negation of the sovereignty of the people . As long as there remains erect in Italy one king , one duke , one oppressor of men , no independence is possible . A monarchy beside you is the leaven of discord . As long as a single element of separatism subsists , it will tend by its very nature to withdraw itself from the national thought , to break up the country , to weaken it , to introduce within it jealous rivalries and foreign influence .
This second step towards a brotherly mingling , towards a life , at once single and collective , is not more difficult for you to take than the first towards your independence . It is in vain that the enemies of your greatness say to the contrary . She wills to be , she can be one and indivisible ; that nation which , parcelled out into little countries , each retained in century-long hatreds by wicket calculation and design , had but one remembrance in the midst of the uproar and suffering of 1848—that of the great and immortal country of Past Times ; but one cry everywhere repeated , everywhere the same , Viva l'ltalia ! " Constitute yourselves , then , in Unity !
And as you have had but one cry , have but one banner , that of your fathers—that which men beloved by you all have displayed from afar before you for twenty years ; that Republican banner which they raised at the beginning of the struggle , which they planted victoriously on the summit of your monuments , and which they have carried away with them into exile , to be raised again on the approaching morrow .
When the hour shall have arrived , beware of confounding two things essentially distinct , combat and victory ; Ital y accomplishing her freedom , and Italy already free . Who knows better than you , Italians , that a combat with the foreigner can only be sustained by silencing venal tongues , the enemies' tongues that would spread trouble and disorder in your ranks ; that an insurrection attempted in the midst of foreign enemies cannot succeed otherwise than by a strong united action .
During the war , therefore , it is necessary that one sole authority , invested with exceptional powers , quick as the lightning , powerful as a people in action , should be called by the country to direct the struggle until the moment when the People , emanci pated and master of the soil , can speak out treely . Fear nothing for your liberty from this transitor y concentration of power . Have you not » or a guarantee that deviceof which National
, your u > mmittee is the vigilunt guardian , and which is the expression at once of your faith and of your Un 1 H ? nia"le sovereignty— " God and the people . " What do these symbolic words signify ? What « se Have " No more tyrants of souls and bodies of Hie priesthood or of the laity . No mediators between « w creature and the Creator—communion of the bame people in the exercise of its sovereign riifht worked out under the eye of Cod . " What
do these words signify if not a livintr -quality , <„ - a J { t-jinblic of the People by the People awl for the People ? l ! U 8 M laPfy h ° Slia 11 uml (! rHtan < l them otherftr M i woul ( 1 llot ho worthy to combat either tamanit an CilUHO or for tho holy CJlu «! <> f uittn * th " Contral Kwropean Democratic Comuot > Lkdru Kolun . A . ItuciK . A . 1 > araaz . D . JBratiano . J . Mazzini . London , August , 1861 .
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HINTS TOWARDS RENDERING LOCAL AGITATION EFFECTIVE . Conventions and Executives have been too much depended on to give life and vigour to the Chartist cause . A political body , like a human body , loses power and soon decays , unless kept in active motion . This activity must exist in the heart , that a well distributed and healthful circulation be insured , or the head becomes useless . The Convention , or the Executive , is the head ; the People is the heart .
The People , and they alone , are to blame for the want of an effective agitation . The People ' s business is to organize themselves . No one can do it for them . We have a purpose—enfranchisement and social amelioration . We have numbers—6 , 000 , 000 of unenfranchised Englishmen . We have enthusiasm—for we still hope and work after twelve years of failure and disappointment . The experience of the past , the facts of the present teach , it is not revolution , but the formation of public opinion at which we should aim . That leads to the only revolution that is justifiable . The formation of public opinion is possible under certain
condition . To issue placards and addresses which the public will not read , is useless . The public must be assailed individually , spoken to , reasoned with , and induced to read tracts and democratic papers by persuading its individual members . To upbraid the public for its apathy and ignorance is useless . The public will not read our upbraidings , it cares nothing for our eloquence , for it will not come to listen . The public , to bo effectually got at , must be assailed at home . The individual may thus bo indoctrinated with sound political principles , and stimulated to the performance of duty . Other valuable results would also follow . 1 " I ; ,
Organization , that centralizes all action , that leaves the individual unoccupied , is not only useless , but injurious . Organization should not supersede individual effort , but methodize it . The conditions under which these hints can be practically carried out , are the existence in different localities of a few men who are unmistakeably in earnest , and who know at what they aim , who would set the practicable example of methodized enthusiasm , and In ; the centres of organizations which , gradually radiating , might soon include a whole people . The members of the lloxton locality , which lias existed but three weeks , and now numbers thirty working nnd paying members , are attempting to cany out the spirit of the above suggestions in the following manner : — -
1 . All members are divided into sections of not less than three nor more than five . lOaeh . section appoints one of its number as spokesman , who gives on every Thursday night to the general meeting an account of the activity of him .-elf . md fellows . The spokesman of each section also collects the weekl y subscription of his section , nnd p : iys it to the secretary , weekly . 2 . Each section meets once u week at the residence of one of its members , before the . general weekl y meeting , to take into consideration the general welfare of the cause , to prepuro resolutions , to give each other information , or to arrange any plan of action for that particular Heetion . Also , to arrange their report for the general weekly meeting , and to pay subscriptions to spokesman . J
, » . J ' . very member of u aeetion holds hiuiNelfbound to aid another member in developing or earrying out plans of propagandimn . Should petitions be desired each section will bo intrusted with the duty of collecting signatures and aullientictitin » them , in a par - ticular district of the locality appointed to them by the Committee . J Whon oxperiouco has confirmed our convictions of tho uselulnoBS of tho ubove organisation , or ahould
we modify it , information shall be forwarded for your consideration . For the general meeting of members of the Hoxton Locality , E . P . Nicholls .
D)X$Atti)Almm Jf Fjre !@M$Lt, Political And Social.
d ) x $ atti ) almm jf fjre ! @m $ lt , POLITICAL AND SOCIAL .
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National Charter Association . —At the meeting of the executive on Wednesdav an error in the minutes was corrected . Mr . Cooper was represented as having said that " great prejudice existed against Chartism at Greenwich , " whereas he said that " great prejudice existed among those who were ignorant of its principles . " Mr . Ernest Jones has sent a report of his progress , which was read . He has been lecturing at Bristol , Merthyr , Llanidloes , and Newtown ; he has met excellent audiences ; and altogether he has enrolled 342 members during his tour . He points out the West and Wales as fertile in Democratic sentiments , and worthy of the attention of the executive . The meeting then resolved itself into a j metropolitan delegate meeting , and reports similar to those given last week were made from Bonner ' sfields and Bermondsey . It was agreed that an aggre- I gate meeting of Chartists should be held monthly in the John-street Coffee-room , on Sunday after . noons , at three o ' clock ; the first to commence on the 7 th of September . On the motion of Mr . Arnott , it was resolved to establish a tract fund , and the machinery to work it ; and subsequently to print 5000 copies of the tract called Chartism .
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MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE , I Saturday . Consols declined an eighth on Monday—from 96 | £ to 96 ^ to % . This rate was maintainedfor two days , when on Wednesday an extra demand for stock sent them up j to 96 . \ | , at which , price they remained on Thursday . Yesterday morning the opening price was 964 !> and after a slight fluctuation closed at 94 $ . Fluctuations have been , Consols from 96 j to 96 | Bank Stock , 215 to 216 ; Exchequer Bills , 44 s . to 48 s . premium . Foreign Stocks have not been more than usually active . Yesterday , the official list of the prices comprised : —Mexican , for the account , 28 J and £ ; Portuguese Five per Cents . Converted , 32 |; the Four per Cents ., 324 ; Russian Four-and-a-Half per Cents ., 101 |; Spanish Five per Cents , 21 and 2 l £ ; Spanish Three per Cents ., 38 ; Austrian Five per Cents ., 81 i ; and Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents ., 59 $ . ____ _
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FLOUR . r . MVM-nr . ule per mick 11 % . to U « . OCCOIMl : ! -J 7 _ -flj Ksmx and Hullolli . on hoard Mlii p I ! .... " . " .. !" ....... , 'il — . ' 17 Norfolk ititil . Stockton ' ... . ' .. . ' .. . " . ' . ' . . 'It . 'f . f An . c kmii per Imrnl i !<> — - ~ 'l Canadian ' JO — XI Whr ; iten l ! rru < l , 7 < l . the llli . loaf . I Ion muIioMm . till . I'LUIM TUK LONDON iJAZKTI'K . 'l ' ufn < l ( ti / , . / iiffiml I !' . IIankhdi'ioy Annhhiiii , —T . Drown , fciuiidurliind , nliipowner . Daniuu / I'th . — F . ISayniiam . IIouhbIow , grocer , to surrender Au « i ( Ht 28 , Ootohor . ' ); HolioUom , M ( ih « ih . Church uud Ntm , Hertford-row ; u / lloinl atiuitfiwc , Mr . Cniuiw , Uircliiii-luuo , Cornhlll
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CORN EXCHANGE . Mark , i . ank , August 21 $ . —Market dull at Monday ' h pru : < b . Kiifrlish . Ti-inh . Foreign Wheat .. .. 17 (!() 1 . ' } 070 Hm-N-y -. .. M ) _ lf > , r > . | 0 O : it . M 110 . . 2 S 3 N 0 Flour .. .. 16 ' 2 () - . . _ ll ' 750 GRAIN , Mark-limo , Aiifr . 22 . Wheat . K . N » mv ; t () H . to ; Mh . iV . npl . ; 2 yH , „ ;« , „ I'l'i'" -W —10 While ¦> _ or , * (»( I 4 <) 41 Itoilcrs . ' -M ) -.. ' * W WI 11 I . 1 : 41 —42 limn !* , Tiolin . L \ » — ' ~ > 7 ' ' ¦ '"« 41 — \ -i 01 , 1 ., 7 H ) . Superior New 41 — lti Indian Coin 27 _ - - > s !; . - — ~ 'J OalH , Fr .., | .... 17 —M Mull-Hi !? '*!? - - - M l'ol . uxl . " () „_¦ . " , IMait . Orcl I ( i 1 H | . , .,, . " ., 1 '"'• ¦ '><» — . > v ! Totalo . l > j _ " 0 1 <• ' » . ""^ ~ - '> — 2 « l- ' iiic .. - (> _ yi
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SHARKS . r . jist Official Quotation for Week ending Friday Evening-Uau . ways . - iunks . Aberdeen .. .. 9 J Australasian .. .. Bristol and ftxeter .. — British North American — Caledonian .. .. } 0 A Colonial — Ka . stcrn Counties .. 55 Commercial of London .. — Edinburgh and Glasgow 28 . / London and Westminster — ( . " icat Northern .. .. 1 « , J London Joint Stock .. ISA Kin-til S . & W . ( Ireland ) — National of Ireland .. ( i reat Western .. .. 7 !) * National Provincial .. — Lancashire and Yorkshire 48 Provincial of Ireland . — Lancaster and Carlisle 80 Union of Australia . ' 15 Loud ., r . ri fjhton . &S . Coast 02 } Union of London .. __ London and IMackwall .. 6 < J Minus London and N .- \ VeHtern 11 RA Holanoa ' Midland 4 « 5 Brazilian imperi ' i ' l V . — North British .. .. _ Ditto , St . IoI > m del Hey — boutli-Kasteru and Dover 2 I £ ( Johre Copper __ South-Western .. .. 80 ,- Mischi . i . anrcmis . \ oiU , NevvcuH . & Berwick 17 « AuHtrali . ui A rie . ultui al — York iiud North Midland 10 j ( Canada .. I >< J « ks . ( Jeneral Steam ' . ' '" — KuMt mid Wi'st India .. _ PeninH . & Oriental Steam < J I'O'x'on -- Royal Mail Steam St . Katharine .. .. — Honth Auntralian _
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FOREIGN FUNDS . ( Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening . ) Austrian 5 per Cents . 81 j Mexican 5 per Ct . Ace . 283 Belgian lids ., 4 £ p . Ct . — Small .. . — nraziliari 5 per Cents . 90 . ^ Neapolitan 5 per Cents . — Buenos Ayres C p . Cts . 55 Peruvian 44 per Cents . — Chilian C per Cents . .. — Portuguese 5 per Cent . — Danish 5 per Cents . .. 104 ? 4 per ( Ha . 32 } Dutch 2 i per Cents ... 59 { Annuities — ' 4 per Cents . .. 93 ^ Kussian , 1822 , 44 p . Cta . 101 $ Ecuador Bonds .. 3 j } Span . Actives , 5 p . Cts . 20 ^ French 5 p . U . An . atParis 95 . 55 . Passive . 5 * 3 p . Cts ., Juljl 1 , 57 . 30 Deferred . ' . ' — "
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BRITISH FUNDS FOR THE PAST WEEK . j ( Closing Prices . )
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Satur . Mond . Tues . Wedn . Thurs Frid . Bank Stock .... 215 $ 215 * 215 ? I 2 ! 5 £ 215 3 per Ct . Red .. 97 i 97 97 97 i 97 i ' 97 A 3 p . C . Con . Ans . 96 | 9 Gg 963 9 f >* ¦ 96 * 90 * 3 p . C . An . 1726 . 96 | ' - - 3 p . Ct . Con ., Ac . 96 | 96 f 96 J 964 ! 9 fi 4 9 GA 3 f p . Cent . An . 99 98 | 95 ? 99 I 991 981 New 5 per Cu . 124 . ! " ! LonsrAns ., 1860 . 7 7 | 7 £ 7 | ' 7 § Ind . St . IOIp . ct . 262 262 261 I 2 ti 0 - Ditto Bonds .. 57 p 54 p 57 p 53 n I 54 n Ex , Bills , 1000 / . 49 p 48 p 47 p 47 p 47 p 49 p Ditto , 5 ) l ) u .. 49 p 48 p 47 p 47 p ' 49 p Ditto . Sinai' 49 p 48 p 47 p ' 47 p 44 p 49 p
€Nmmminl Iffaira. 1 ^K.^^^
€ nmmminl Iffaira . 1 ^ k . ^^^
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 23, 1851, page 809, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1897/page/21/
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