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son in the street . He first refused to go , but at last went out , and found a young man , who claimed acquaintance with him as a fellow-countryman , asked after Kinkel ' s health , and finally requested him to convey some letters to the prisoner . The young man was a student named Schurtz . He had many interviews with him afterwards , and at last he was offered 400 thalers and a provision for life if he would effect Kinkel ' s escape , He was on the other , hand threatened with « eternal persecution if he divulged anything about the offer . At last he consented , M . Kruger having become guarantee for the reward to be paid him , and persuaded him that it was unjust M . Kinkel should be any longer confined . On the 28 th of October , Schurtz proposed the plan . He was to obtain false keys to the inspector ' room , and thus get cell h then to
possession of the two keys of the ; e was accompany Kinkel to the outer door of the prison , and get the porter to let him pass into the street . He was first to gain over the man who would have the duty for the night of the 5 th of November . After several vain attempts he succeeded in doing so , and the escape was fixed for the night of the 5 th ; but the plan was defeated by the accident of the inspector taking the keys of the cell home with him . The next night he got possession of them by opening the press in the inspector s office where they were kept ; but instead of letting the prisoner out at the door , he took him through several workrooms to an ungrated window on the first floor . Schurtz was waitin g in the street with a strong rope , which he pulled up to The window by a packthread ; Kinkel tied ^ it round his waist , and was thus lowered into the street . '
In an after examination Brune denied he had ever actually received any money , asserting he had aided the escape out of mere humanity . One hundred and fifty-one thalers were found in his room , fifty of them in gold ; but he produced evidence from the Savings Bank that the sum had been wit hdrawn from it , and belonged to his wife and son . The jury , however , did not believe he had been misled by his humane sentiments alone . The popular character of his avocation was against him" Seldom when The steeled gaoler is the friend of men ; " and it assumed he had been promised a bribe , if he had not actually received one .
The trial lasted till a late hour of the evening , ¦ when the jury , to the questions put by the court , found him guilty of wilfully assisting the escape of a State prisoner for a promised reward in money . He was sentenced to three years' imprisonment in the House of Correction , and deprivation of civil rights ; with a declaration of unfitness to hold any Government employment hereafter . Under the old penal code the punishment would have been more severe . Kruger was found guilty as an accessary ; but the jury being divided , seven to five on the question , the court had to determine for a conviction or acquittal , and considering the evidence imperfect , discharged him .
The Prussian Monitor states that the German diet at Frankfort has decided , upon the proposition of Prussia , that Old Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Posen , whose populations belong to the Polish race and which in 1 S 18 were embodied into the German Confederation , are to be separated from it . According to the Prussian National Gazette , the Sixth Russian corps , now located in Moscow and its environs , is to inarch next spring towards the frontier of Poland . Contracts for the food and forage of that
corps have already been entered into . " This is a proof , " says the National Gazette , * ' that Russia expects important events next year , andjthat the Czar docs not wish to be taken by surprise . Should Itussia be obliged to intervene , she would furnish 3 (> 0 , 000 inon ( with 720 pieces of ordnance ) . In such case Poland would be occupied by new reserve brigades ( formed of the Fifth and Sixth battalions of each of the seventy-two regiments ) , or by the corps of grenadiers and that of the guards , ( J > oth amounting to about l'iO . OOO men , with 240 pieces of ordnance ) .
The Gazette of lireslau informs us that the institution of Jury will be preserved in Austria , but that the juries will be selected by the Government . One monstrosity more to crown those which have preceded .
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The Tiitics publishes the following correspondence between the Prince Custeleicala and Lord Palinerflton , relative to the communication officially , by the former to the Fore-ign-oilici :, of a pamphlet published in Tendon in reply to Mr . Gladstone h letters to the J' ] nrl of Aberdeen : — " i'UINCI ! C'ASTKMMOAI . A TO VISCOUNT PA I . M KllS TON . " If ) , l ' linci-n- ' tri'H ., Cuvrmliith-pquiirf , August l J . " My JjOHI ) , — Tn : i report which appeared in the Times paper of yesterday of the Hitting of the House of Commons I have read that , your Kxcullcncy , in answer to
a question put by Sir I )<¦ l' « y • ' >«»« , relative to some publications of Mr . Gladstone against the Government of the King my august master , said that you considered it your < luiy to «< -nd copies of the Maine to the Hritish Ministers at the various Courts of K . irope ; and since a rer . lv to the ( mid publication , grounded upon Hubstunty . I documents , has recently made it * appearance- I have the honour to M-nd fifteen eopies to your Kxcelh . icy and therefore , .-quest your Uxcellency will take precisely the Ba . ne means for their distribution as you have done for thohc of Mr . Gladstone-? ' Tho known maxim . ' Audi utteram jHtrtcm , ' the
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Courtesy of your Excellency , and , in the present con-Juncture , what is better , your ju stice , all lead me to hope that your Excellency will not find my request indiscreet . " Castelcicala . "
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SOCIETY OF THE FRIENDS OF ITALY , AND Til 14 PEOPLE OF PIEDMONT . The following letter from a deputy of the Picdmontose Parliament appeared in a leading article of the Progresso of Turin of the 22 nd current : — " Dearest Sirs , Editors of the Progresso , —When I read in yourand the other Liberal journals of Piedmont , that a Society of the Friends of Italy had been founded in London , I felt such satisfaction at the pleasant news , that I could not express it in words . "I thought of Home , of Naples , of Milan , of Venice , of our twenty millions of oppressed fellow-countrymen , and of the consolation which that news must afford them . " The unfortunate who groans in the wretchedness of a prison , let but a kindly soul come and visit him , and say to him , ' Courage , friend , and hope , ' and what comfort to the unfortunate in that good word ' friend ' ! when abandoned by all , and in the solitude of grief , amid insults and calumnies , to hear one say ' friend , ' this in of itself an alleviation of the grief , a balm for the wounded soul , a blessing from Heaven . And if the comforting voice be that of one who is powerful , then the unfortunate would leap for joy , and , forgetting the sad reality of the present , would have a foretaste of the uwcrtncaa of deliverance .
" Such , I think , must be the consolation to our brethren in this announcement of the new ( Society . Poor brethren And to be obliged to conceal your joy , to keep your gratitude shut up within your hearts , not , to be able to send even one word of thanks to our frienda ! " But you cannot do ; Piedmont can , must , will . " Daily 1 have been expecting to read in tho papers an invitation to the Picdmoiiteso to thank , in the name of Italy , her friendn of Great Britain . It haH not yet appeared . Meanwhile , the English . Society is daily gaining strength , and promise *) important results . The only imrtit'H , oo fox a » 1 am aware , that have hitherto thanked
the Society , have been the brave workmen sent to LoiwT "" and the Society of the Refugees . Is this enough ? m ' it is the duty of all Italy—a duty falling entire on « , ° f part of it which is not enslaved—to discharge this obli tion . o - " It is now time that some one should take th initiative , and remind Piedmont of her noble right h sacred duty . - ' " Do you , therefore , write in the first page of your paper words to this effect : — ' An address of thanks tn the English Society of the Friends of Italy is now onen for signature . ' ^
" Ask the other journals to do likewise , ask the most distinguished citizens , both of the capital and the pro vinces , to constitute themselves collectors of such signatures . No Piedmontese , I will swear it , would refuse to sign ; and in a short time we shall have got together thousands , and hundreds of thousands of names , which we shall send to London with this inscription at their head : — ' To her friends in England , grateful Italy . ' " Yours , Robecchi , Deputy . " In accordance with this suggestion , the editors of the Progresso announce that an address , conceived in the spirit indicated in the above letter , lies for signature at their office . °
We are happy to state that Mr . Arthur Trevelyan has handed in £ 5 to the Society for the Relief of the Italian Refugees , desiring the same to be acknowledged in Leader .
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THE NEW REFORM BILL . MEETING AT BURY . Public opinion is manifesting itself slowly in favour of reform . Mr . Fox , M . P ., and Mr . Tindal Atkinson , as representatives of the National Parliamentary Reform Association , met the people of Bury on the 24 th . Several influential members of the middle class were present , and the Town-hall was well filled with auditors . The resolutions were moved by gentlemen of the locality ; Mr . Fox and Mr . Atkinson simply speaking in support of them . The name of Kossuth , mentioned by Mr . Fox , called forth a burst of cheers . Generally speaking , Mr . Fox ' s speech did not differ from the many speeches he has delivered in the cause of reform , except in the inexhaustible ingenuity with which he treats the ever recurring topics . We extract one happy characterisation . He denied that the members of the House of Commons were the choice of the people , and having shown whose choice they were , he asked where they were chosen ?—" By little places such at Thetford and Arundel , where a couple of hundred voters returned members to Parliament , while Manchester and Liverpool did no more . ( Hear , hear . ) The big and little were jumbled together without system , like looking through different ends of the telescope at them . It was as if you were looking at a flea and an elephant ; one way the flea was as large as the elephant , the other way the elephant was as small as the flea . ( Cheers and laughter . ) And they were chosen by a septennial revel of the grossest corruption and debauchery . We talked of our constitution ; why , if tliis was it , the banner of the British constitution was a bank-note , and its basis a beer-barrel . ( Applause and laughter . )"
Both Mr . Fox , and Mr . Wrigley , an inhabitant of Bury , were in favour of more extended reform than that proposed by the National Association , but they accepted that as a practical measure . The resolutions agreed to were as follows : — " That the First Minister of the Crown having intimated his intention to introduce a measure of Parliamentary Reform during the next session , the people should lose no time in giving effective expression to their wishes ; this meeting doth therefore declare that any measure which does not rearrange the electoral districts , extend the franchise to every occupier of a tenement , duration ot
protect the voter by the ballot , shorten the Parliament , and abolish the property qualification required of members , will fail to satisfy the just expectations of the people— . will be iuclfc-ctual in preventing the corruption , intimidation , and oppression now prevailing at elections , and in securing the full and free representation of the people in the Commons' House of 1 a "" ' nient ; " and " That the cordial union and energetic action of all reformers are now imperatively requisite . That the principles advocated by the National 1 arll . " mentary and Financial Reform Association merit ti support of the great body of the people o ( this king dom , mid this rnretinir . rnnHiHtinir n ( reformers of every shad >
pledge themselves to sustain the well directed cflorts that association . " Mr . W . J . Fox mot his constituents in the Toytrnhall of Oldham , on Monday ; and after a long oration , in which he reviewed the doings of the past ^ ^\ commented on financial , ecoiioinico-poliucal . ' ^ educational Bchcincs , and tho coming ref ( . " ^' . jjll was rewarded by a resolution approving his p : i ^ mentary conduct , niul pledging tho liberals to ^ reelection . Tho meeting w iih very large . Am h other things ho said : — " Much of last session had ir ^ occupied with what ought never to have hii * « I | it in the House , theological discussions . It « ' . one time as if the Council of Trent had arisen . . tho dead to hold an aggregate mooting with un Oiod JJurebonea Parliament . " ( Laughter . )
MKKTINd AT llKOrOHJ ) . MoU " At tho Reform meeting hold at Bedford on * day , the representatives of tho National Assoi ¦ were Mr . Serl « and Mr . K Clarke . Mr . lloughtou und Mr . Lauimoro , both tenant iorw
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1034 Cffr * 3 L ££ fc £ l % [ Saturday ,
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" VISCOUNT PAIiMERSTON TO PRINCE CASTELCICALA . " Foreign-office , August 18 . " Prince , —I have had the honour to receive your letter of the 9 th instant , inclosing a copy of a pamphlet entitled The Neapolitan Government and Mr . Gladstone , and requesting that copies of that pamphlet may be forwarded to her Majesty ' s Ministers at the several European Courts . I have to state to you in reply that I must decline being accessory to the circulation of a pamphlet , which , in my opinion , does no credit to its defends to the
writer or the Government which he , or political party of which he professes to be the champion . I should never have taken the liberty of addressing you on the subject of Mr . Gladstone ' s pamphlet , if you had not , by your letter of the 9 th instant , rendered it necessary for me tj do so , and I can assure you that it is not without pain and reluctance that I state to you my opinion in regard to those pamphlets an d to the matters of which they treat ; but I feel that silence on my part , after the receipt of your communication of the 9 th , would expose me to misrepresentation . I feel myself , therefore , compelled to say that Mr . Gladstone ' s letters to Lord Aberdeen present an afflicting picture of a system of illegality , injustice , and cruelty practised by
the officers and agents of the Government in the kingdom of Naples , such as might have been hoped would not have existed in any European country in the present days ; and the information which has been received upon these matters from many , other sources leads , unfortunately , to the conclusion that Mr . Gladstone by no means overstated the various evils which he describes , but that Mr . Gladstone ' s letters were evidently written and published , not , as the pamphlet which you send me insinuates , in a spirit of hostility to the King of Naples , or with feelings adverse to the parliamentary and monarchical constitution which his Sicilian Majesty has grantedto his subjects and has confirmed by his Royal oath Mr . Gladstone ' s object seems , on the contrary , to have
been the friendly purpose of drawing public attention to , and of directing the force of public opinion upon , abuses which , if allowed to continue , must necessarily sap the foundation of the Neapolitan monarchy , and prepare the way for those violent revulsions which the resentments produced by a deep sense of long continued and wide ' spread injustice are sure sooner or later to produce . It might have been hoped that the Neapolitan Government would have received those letters in the spirit in which they manifestly were written , and would have set to work earnestly and effectually to correct those manifold and grave abuses to which their attention has thus been drawn . It is obvious that by such a course the Neapopolitan Government would do more to frustrate the hten the
designs of revolutionists , and to streng monarchical institutions of their country , than could be effected by the most rigorous proceedings of the most vigilant Minister of the Police . But the Government of Naples will be much mistaken if it imagines that a pamphlet , consisting of a flimsy tissue of bare assertions and reckless denials , mixed up with coarse ribaldry and commonplace abuse of public men and political parties , will accomplish any useful purpose or render any real service to the Government on whose behalf it appears to have been written . And I must take leave to observe that there are admissions , direct and indirect , in Mr . MacFarlane ' s pamphlet , which go far to establish the conclusions which he professes an intention to overthrow . Palmeuston . "
[ It will be remarked , says the Times , that the letters above given were written as far back as the month of August ; but we understand , from the person from whom we have received them , that it was only lately that they were made known to the diplomatic world . ]
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 1, 1851, page 1034, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1907/page/6/
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