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nies will consist , the former of 600 , and the latter of 150 rank and file . The depot companies will for the present remain at Dover .
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MAZZINI AND KOSSUTH . To the Editor , of the " Leader . " Society of the Friends of Ttaly , 10 , Southampton-street , Strand , December 19 , 1801 . Sin , —A few days before M . Kossuth ' s departure for the United States , an address to him , from Italians resident at Genoa , was forwarded for presentation through M . Mazzini . The address was accompanied by a signet ring , bearing the impression of the Roman Eagle , and the motto , " Dio e il Popolo , " with the inscription on the
circumference" Gl' Italiani a Kossuth . The following correspondence , arising from the presentation of the address of the Italian patriots at Genoa , has now been placed in my hands for communication to the press . I am , Sir , your obedient servant , David Masson , Secretarv .
JOSEPH MAZZINI TO LOUIS KOSSUTH . I am commissioned by the Democracy of Genoa to present to you the address which accompanies these lines . United to you as I am already in friendship and in community of belief and of aim , I have no occasion to express to you how gladly I undertake the office ; but this I can , and ought to , assure you that , were it not for the unlimited foreign and domestic tyranny which we ighs upon every other province of " Italy , the Genoese address would be Italian in the number of its signatures as it is in feeling .
In every part of Italy , wherever souls thrilling with devo tion to the sacred cause of country and humanity are secretly preparing for the struggle , your name is held sacred as that of a man who has incarnated in himself the thoughts , the sorrows , and the hopes of a people , as of a man who has comprehended the mission of life , to think and to act , as of a man who adds to every other power of heart and mind the hig hest of all gifts , constancy unbiased by egotism , vanity , or any individual aim .
And another important office has been committed to me by my countrymen , that of explaining to you , in a few words , the nature and tendencies of our Democracy , so that you may know what men they are who extend to you and ask of you the hand , and upon what basis will be found that alliance which identity of position , of enemies , and of object has decreed between us . Italian Democracy is not a reaction , but a faith . It is not a cry for emancipation uttered by one hostile and irritated class against another ; it is a programme of association of all classes , or rather of all the various Social Tractions , in one sole aim : that of constituting the great Italian family one free and powerful , for the benefit of the greater human family ; the country , for the benefit of all countries .
If Italy did not feel herself called to arise in the name and for the- good of all— -for a j > rhiciplc and not for an interest , for the free development of life whereever it is violated or imperfect—if she did not deduce her riij / its from the duty Avhieh binds her in the alliance of nations , in the moral unity of Europe , and through that to the unity <> f the human race — our Democracy would be but egotism disguised , hidden tinder a pompous title . Nationality is , then , for us the sign of our mission , our collective conscience . . It assumes lor itself and
recognizes for others an inalienable right to independence . The aim in common—the choice of means , the mode of organization by which to rear . h it ., belongs to the nation . I' ^ juality among the Peoples is the nole security for their alliance . And our alliance nhall be that of free and equal l'eoples , who , while independent in all that concerns their internal organization , recognize a common country , humanity , as . superior to all others , and join together in the name of God to promote progress and the triumph of truth and justice .
Upon the banner of Italian Democracy . shine forth two eternal words — Hod and tfte . i ' cople , which arct . be beginning and the end of our laith . God the law , a law of progress and of love , the people sole interpreter of that law . We do not accept privileged interpreters . ( iocl has his throne in the conscience of every individual , from the harmony of the individual conscience with the conscience of the bum . in race and with universal tradition , springs a continual revelation of truth , which virtuous genius dev ( lopes and pnrilies , and which the people' verilies jind
applies in social intercourse . I'lie 1 ' apacy and the Knipire arc- for us two falsehoods--phantoms ol authority , which licit her direct , nor fecundate , but cxtin ^ ui ^ h free life . Italian Democracy will comba t the one and the other until ( he day in which the Home ol" the people and the Vienna of the people shall have signed t . be emancipating compact ofalliauce which already e . \ ists between us , and » n ( Jki immo ol which we shall be united on ( be battle-field . Thin compact , whatever the calumny of our adversaries may assert , is not a part of anarchy , of the overthrow or the negation , ol thono cloiuontu which
constitute civil life , or of a new tyranny of a sect of an individual system substituted to the tyranny already existing . Italian Democracy is a nation , not a sect . We recognize two inviolable elements of life ; the individual and society , liberty and association . We believe all systems which would sacrifice either of these elements to the other to be false and dangerous , and inevitably resulting in anarchy or despotism . We seek in " everything to harmonize these two terms . We desire a state in which the way shall be open to every man for the development of his moral and physical faculties , in which the way shall be open to all the sources of education and of wealth proportioned to his own exertions , and to secure and continuous labour , freely chosen , and on which his right to enjoyment must depend .
In such a state we place our hopes of a peaceful , because normal , state of society , free from violence and reaction because based upon equity , free from the necessity of revolutions because relying on the continual progress and fraternal association of the millions who people our land . From these few principles you can deduce all our belief ; from the deeds of iombardy , Venice , and Rome the courage with which our democracy will
sustain them ; from the actual state of our national party which is known to you , the energy and constancy of our determinations ; from the words spoken to you by the Genoese democracy , the confidence reposed in you , the sympathy which binds us to your nation , and the hope that we shall together fight and conquer our common enemy , sowing the seeds of an alliance lasting and important to our countries and to the Europe of the Peoples . Joseph Mazzini . KOSSUTH TO MAZZINI . Here is my answer to the address of your fellowcitizens . United , we shall act , I hope , a better one . United , because our cause is one , because we have a common enemy , a common camp , a common design ; united , because my republic , like yours , is neither tyranny , nor anarchy , neither a violation of the liberty of the individual , nor a sacrifice of the social aim to the egotism of individuals ; united , because , like you , I recognize no other master than God and my nation . I have faith in you , as you have in me . For a short time , farewell . Louis Kossuth ,
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KOSSUTH ' S ItEPLY TO THE GENOESE DEMOCRATS . To tlie Italian Democrats in Genoa . When , a fugitive from ray country , I hailed with the affection inspired by our common misfortunes and hopes , the sacred soil of Italy , in the voices of brotherly enthusiasm which reached me from the multitude assembled upon the shore , I felt—heavenly consolation !—the solidarity of the new life which is now animating the desires of the nations , I felt that the hour of deliverance will never strike again for divided peoples , and that the
compact of their future alliance is engraven on the hearts of the oppressed by the finger of God himself . And your address , amongst a thousand others , is a new confirmation to me of this idea . Whilst grasping the friendly hand of him deputed by you to present it to me , of the man representing the party the most powerful for action and the most promising for the future of Italy , and with whose sympathies and labours 1 share , I thought of the glorious fruits which will spring from the union of my country and yours in the approaching battles / or independence and liberty .
I ' or us , as for you , () Italians , the efforts and the experience of the past have borne their fruits . The time is now ripe ; the series of trials exhausted ; all hope of converting to the ri ( j ; ht path elements radically opposed to ivcry development of life , vanished ; it only remains for Hungary , for Italy , for the nations trampled upon by despotism , to arise in their own strength over the length and breadth of a continent overshadowed by lying forms , without other legality than that which the internal Mind implants in the natural order of human things , assigning to the different peoples , vocations , faculties , and aright of spontaneous progress , in harmony with their common ( liu .
irK-Our cause and yourn are bound together by their origin , their sufferings , and by their aim . The House ol llapsburg was death to Hungary as well as to Italy . In conjunction with the Conn of Rome it extinguished in you , by protecting the Inquisition , every spark ol genius and national virtue , and retardi < l , by two centuries and a half , the revival inaugurated by your philosophers and martyrs of the 17 th century . From us it snatched one after another our ancient , franehi . se . s- — the right of electing our kings , our own armies -liberty of conscience : it . replied to our protests by rapine and the sword , to the
Magyar generosity which had thrice saved the empire , by jobbing us of our independence . In exchange for the blood and treasure we Hpent . in its service , il , repaid os with falsehood , treason , and the tscall ' old . liy oppressing Hungary and cooperating in the dismemberment ol I'oland and Italy , thus taking from these generous nations their mission and individual life , Austria opened nn immense gulf in the centre of civilized Kurope , destroyed the defence ;; raised agiiiusl . the barbarian hordes , and gave a fatal Idow to modem civilization . A nd what , reward him :. l » c leaned lor her enormous crime ? Hit own viisn ; il ; ige to K . unsia .
The House of llapisburg in the negation , the evil , ( lie absurdity of political Kurope . It . has thrown hostility , dissolution , death , into th < - inidur of Christian I ' eoplcH to make of t hem its prey . Extending on one ni < le the hand to the Pope , on the other to t . he ^ Czar , it . Iiiih endeavoured , and ntill endeavourH , to extinguish human conscience under the doublo weight ol falsehood and brute force .
Not founded upon any interests conformable tTTT nature of things , without any other reason for exiLJ than the egotism of a family and of a few venal offl * , it confides its safety to an organized system of a ^ a ?' nation and to the disciplined barbarities of its tmn " It is time that humanity should be avenged 5 ? £ ?' abomination . It is time for the Peoples who" have hi dragged by the arts of spiritual and material tvranT int ° the , narrow ways of egotism , to reenter the X path of liberty and association . Nor is the undertaiS too vast for those willing to attempt it . Falsehood ^ evil bear in themselves the laws of their own ruin—trnt ? and goodness only are progressive . The protests of th nations against the oppressions of Austria have ah-Pari penetrated deeply even into the ranks of the arm ? Under chiefs who know neither God nor countrv t ) tti the hearts of myriads of brothers who will combat with us . In the very instruments of its defence will th empire find its destruction .
Italians ! the fate of Hungary is fast bound up with yours . United with you in the battle , we shall he In after the victory ; erecting together , amongst the hymns of redeemed Peoples , a glorious temple to our martyrs upon the ruins of the House of Hapsburg . Happy shall we deem ourselves if by the blessing of God we are the first to begin the struggle of European liberty against despotism . When the hour of redemption arrives—and arrive it will for us come what may , and let whosoever else hold back—Milan and Pesth , remembering past errors , will sound simultaneously the tocsin of revolt like cities of the same country . '
In our ancient constitutions is inscribed the right of insurrection and defence against the caprices of power . This principle , never forgotten by us , will save Hungary ' . —To you , Italians , it was forbidden by the two powers ' which , are joined together for your ruin—the Papacy and the Empire—to inscribe that right in a national constitution . . But they could not erase it from your hearts ; and to-day , from one end of the Peninsula to the other , the life of" the nation is bound up in this . For us , as for you the necessary result of such a right , after the experience '
of ages , is the Republic . And in this name we shall conquer . We shall conquer , because we shall be united because , fighting with , the People and for the People , and not for the interests of castes or of Governments necessarily leagued with the Emperor , the Pope , and the Czar . We shall conquer , because , uttering a cry of true liberty , and not counting upon the miserable combinations of a diplomacy which has betrayed us hundreds of times , and no longer possesses either life or sense in presence of the Europe of the future , we shall have with us
all the peoples who demand a country , all free men who have , in whatever part of the civilized world , the will and the courage of a great cause . —Lastly , We shall conquer , because our principles will not be principles of violence and negation against those sacred and inviolable elements in which society has root and life—but principles of development , and of the progressive association of the capabilities , the tendencies , and the natural activity as well of individuals as of corporations—principles of universal education—and of the harmonious cooperation of the nations in the work of their common perfectumment . Louis Kossuth .
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ITALIAN REFUGEE FUND . The undersigned Italians residing in London , with a view to relieve the great sufferings of many of their countrymen , driven to England by political circumstances , and lately by the decree of expulsion of foreign exiles from France , have resolved to open a subscription for the relief of these political exiles . With that view they deem themselves entitled to appeal to the patriotism of their countrymen residing in England , irrespectively of all political opinions , and on the simple grounds of humanity ; and also to the sympathies of strangers of all nations ; but , above all , to their English friends , that they may , by their cooperation , give permanence and extension to this charitable undertaking . Subscriptions are kindly received by Messrs . Herries , Farquhar , Davidson , Chapman , and Co ., bankers ; and by the members of the Committee , composed of ( I . Aubrey Jlezr . i , Chairman ; S . Ferretti , A . Gallenga , ( iener . 'ile Lante Montefeltro , 0 tomoli , Sinibuldi ; Arrivabene , Sec . The Committee will render accounts on the hist Saturday of every month , at a public meeting winch will be advertised in the Times of the previous' 1 hinsday . at which the benevolent contributors are earnestly requested to attend .
JSunscjKiHUits .--J ) r . Aehilli , Is . * : Arrivabene , od . ; il . Aubrey Hezzi , £ 10 ; liarzotclli , ( id . * ; Cesarmi , . U ; Deasarta , ( id . *; Fannucehi , Is . *; 1 'Vrrett . i , £ 2 ; A . l * "llengii , jCl () ; I " , ( i avazzi , £ f , ; |\ ( Javazzi , / is . * ; ( Jcni-riile LanteMontefelt . ro , / is *; Mapei , Is . * ; Mazzini , dh . , Molin : ui , ( id . *; ZelindaMontecchi , £ I ; Ce . rianciani , f > H . *; Romoli , £ 2 , ; Tonnnasi , ( id . * ; U a Uahano , £ I-* All those no marked arc weekly subscriptions ; the others art' donations .
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IttLK OF T 1 IANKT AORKHJI / HJ RAb ASSOCIATION . Lately , at a dinner given by the members ol <| 1 ( above association , the fount , " The Chairman of tM < Hoard of il uardians , and the Members of the Hoard , was given , and Sir . Mdward Deriug spoke of <»' ability with which Mr . Saekett presided at the l > oai < i , and of the admirable results flowing from good management , oiio proof of which he afforded by remaining thiit according t <> < be 1 'itest returns , there wen . but nino ublebodied paupers in the union , and " ° " . of them from having particular complaints could noi bemud to bo tiblobodied .
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1204 ® t > e 3 Leail $ V . [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 20, 1851, page 1204, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1914/page/8/
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