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the opponent armies—" Cossack or Republican —shall be prepared to fight put their quarrel . _ On which side should we appear ? On ^ the side of the Czar and the Jesuits-Brute Force and Fraud—or on the side of Right and Freedom , the party of European Democracy ? Can we hesitate ? Now especially , since France has fallen , into the Russian , camp ? The more need for bur exertion , the more momentous our duty . Have not our hearts already promised for us—burning with indignation when despotic " order" reigned in Warsaw—when heroic Rome fell before her dastardly assailants ? Did not our voices repeat the same generous impulse when millions shouted welcome to the Priunredeemedtal
soner of Kutayeh ? Poland is yet ; Iy is in bondage j the Hungarian Exile has left our shores ; our voices are hushed—can our hearts be silent too ? Have we done enough in feeling strongly , in giving tongue to our vehement thought ? When Despotism , trampling upon France , scowls on us across the narrow seas—when already we are bidden to drive the Refugees , the Martyrs , from our shores , or else beware the Cossack—shall we be content , with some talkers who never do , in " passing the challenge to America , " calling upon America to give active service to the Cause of Progress , because we can afford only a wordy sympathy ? . , . Let us do something to show that our sympathy is not mere " idle wind ; " something to disprove the imputation that we are but a set of selfish traders , with no abiding reverence for the Heroic and the True ; something in earnest protest against the cowardly and unprincipled dogma of non-intervention which is put forth as the sum and substance of our faith in God , as our best interpretation of duty to our neighbour . Let us make at least a beginning of real help for the struggling Peoples of Europe . To this end we , whose names are hereunto subjoined , ask our countrymen and countrywomen to aid us in raising A SUBSCRIPTION FOR EUROPEAN FREEDOM . We propose to collect a subscription of one shilling each Jfrom every earnest friend of Freedom : one shilling yearly if the continuance of the struggle shall require it : and that the sum so collectedpshallbe paid into the London and Westminster Bank , to the joint credit of Joseph Mazzisti and Lotris KossmcH / or the use of the European Democratic Committee . The province of the Undersigned will be simply to
act as Treasurers : to receive and acknowledge subscriptions , from individuals , from individual collectors , or from committees ( which it is hoped will soon be formed in every locality ); and to account for the entire sum to the whole body of subscribers . So soon as a sum of 50 / . shall be collected , a credit will be opened with the London and Westminster Bank in the names of Mazzini and Kossuth ; and thereafter each of the Treasurers will pay in his receipts so often as they amount tolOZ .
It is requested that all persons collecting for this Subscription will furnish to the Treasurers the name , address , and calling of each subscriber ; except whon any subscriber may prefer giving only initials , or such mark as may identify that particular subscription in a printed list ; the Undersigned promising to publish , on the 1 st of January , 1853 , a list of all who shall have contributed to the Subscription . The subscription is limited to One shilling from each person , in order to obtain the greatest possible number of subscribers : * that Europe may see how many of us really care for the Freedom of the Nations , how many of us abjure the shameful doctrines of non-intervention and peace-at-any-price .
The subscription will not indicate a prcferral of War , nor any disposition to meddle with the internal politics of other countries : but it will bo an emphatic recognition of the duty which the strong owe to tho struggling , which one people owes to another—an assertion of the univerail right to combat Iniquity—and an expression of respect for those who dare all honest things to achieve their freedom .
Wo would have it distinctly understood that the subscription is not for any special mode of action ; but to help tho struggle for European Freedom in whatever manner it may ftcein good to Europe to work that out . Neither is it for any particular form of freedom which wo way think bent fitted for such a time or plfecu ; but for such freedom as ^ tho Nations themselves may choose . Only on these grounds lot any subscribe .
It is to help the struggle for European Freedom , not merely for Italy or Hungary . Tho money is not for any local preparation , for tiny partial attempt : but for tho European War , whonovor » nd wherever that shall
aeain break out . We would offer it as our contribution to the Cause of Humanity , our protest against the policy that excludes us from bearing our share of the warfare in which all Humanity is concerned , the earnest of our intent to be again a Nation among the Nations—an organized and active worker for Freedom and for right . February 3 , 1 S 52 .. Rev . Chakles Clarke , 152 , Buccleuch-street , Glasgow , Thomas Cooper , 5 , Park-row , Knightsbridge , London , Joseph Cowen , Junior , Blaydon-Burn ,
Newcastle-on-Tyne , George DawsOn , M . A ., Birmingham , R . H . Horne , College-road , Haverstock-hill , London , Dr . Frederic Richard Lees , Leeds , William James Linton , Miteside , Ravenglass , Cumber-Henry Lonsdale , M . D ., 4 , Devonshire-street , Carlisle , Rev . David Maoinnis , Belfast , ' , ¦ ,, ¦ -. , , George Searle Phillips , West-parade , Huddersfield , James Watson , 3 , Queen ' s-Head-passage , Paternosterrow , London ,
N . B . Single subscriptions may be sent in postagestamps , but it would be better to send a number of subscriptions together by a post-office order . All sums below twenty shillings to be sent to one of the Honorary Secretaries to the Subscription , Josei-h Cowen , Junior , Blaydon-Burn , Newcastle-on-Tyne , W . J . Linton , Miteside , Eavenglass , Cumberland , To whom all inquiries are to be addressed .
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PRISON CHARITIES IN THE CITY . The past and present management of a vast number of charitable bequests , left in the fifteenth , sixteenth , and seventeenth centuries , in trust to several of the great City Companies , for the benefit of poor prisoners , is undergoing a searching investigation by a Commission of Inquiry , presided over by the Chief Baron of the Exchequer . The particulars of these various charities , administered by the Mercers ' , Merchant Tailors ' , Drapers ' , Grocers ' , Fishmongers ' , Goldsmiths ' , and some other jninor Companies , have been already published in the reports of the " Commissioners , " laid before Parliament in 1839 . The inquiry from which this report resulted was resisted by several of the Companies , and the advantage of the present Commission consists in its having power to examine witnesses on oath , while the former tribunal was subjected to those refusals which great corporations are always so well qualified to give to those who make inconvenient inquiries into the disposal of their funds . The pith of the matter lies in this : that although many of the sums devised two or three centuries ago in trust for poor prisoners were small annual payments ; yet as the testators in numerous instances required that the principal should be invested in land or houses , these investments are supposed in
some cases to be yielding very large revenues . In the first case that was brought before the Commission , that of the will of Frances Aaliton , it appeared that although the testatrix died in 1727 , leaving to trustees the annual sum of 95 £ , out of a rent-charge , to be applied to tho discharge of poor prisoners , not one single payment had been made in this space of a hundred and twenty-five years . The solicitor for the present trustees , " highly respectable persons / ' Sir Robert Inglis , tho Governor of the Bank of England , &c , pleaded expensive Chancery suits , crippled resources , and confusion of accounts , but promised that for tho future
95 £ . a year should be regularly paid . In several cases in which the Merchant Tailors were trustees , the bequests appearing to have been specific as to the annual amount , and the payments having been regularly made , tho Court were of opinion that the Company had a right to dispose of tho residue . Tho case of Peter Blundcll , who died in 1590 , is tho most important that has yet been investigated . Ho gave by will to each of six Companies , amongst which is the Merchant Tailors ' , the sum of 150 / ., to bo laid out in lands or houses , out of which 40 * . was to bo paid annually for over to poor prisoners in Newgate . In several instances tho original sum of 150 J . in supposed to be now producing
several thousands annually . In tho particular case of tho Merchant Tailors ' , the clerk of tho Company admitted that n . portion , was . laid out in . tho purchase of promises in Thrcnditecdlo-Htrcct , which produced 187 £ por annum , tho Company feeling that thoy were entitled to dispose of tho remainder after paying 21 . annually to the prison authorities ! This ciiho was adjourned for tho production of the will of tho testator . Tho investigation has cawed much ( surprise among tho Companies , an tho power of tho Act under which tho Court sits had never been exercised before . From tho information that Jma already boon elicited , it . ia expected that these charities for tho Aituro will bo enormously productive .
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IRELAND . The depopulation of Connemara by wholesale evictions still continues . The agent of the Law Life Insurance Company served notices on the relieving officers of the Galway Union , already heavily burdened , to prepare board and lodging for seventy-two families , about to be evicted from the villages on the Company ' s estates . But the English Company are not the only parties engaged in this ' crusade . ' Four hundred and forty individuals were lately evicted in the neighbourhood of Gort by recent purchasers in the Encumbered Estates Court . Lord Gort was the former proprietor of these estates , and- is said to have been a kind and indulgent landlord . The tranquillity and freedom from agrarian crime which-have so long characterized the southern counties , have been disturbed by the murder of a man named Cleary , a pensioner from the 18 th Royal Irish , and bailiff to the Rev . Tyrell Evans , and to Mr . C . Davenport . Cleary had frequently been threatened , and ho had been lately engaged in turning out several persons from the lands of the Rev . Mr . Evans , in the county of Limerick . He was returning from Askeaton to Carduff , where he lived , and was shot on the road with a pistol which he carried for his own protection , and so near to his dwelling that his sister heard the report . The body was not found until the next morning , when his wife went to look for him .
The students of the Queen ' s Colleges , Belfast , have signed a petition for tenant-right . The petition was introduced without the knowledge of the president or professors , and they are deliberating as to what shall bo done . Tho commission for the comity of Louth was opened by Mr . Justice Ball , on Tuesday last . The grand jury found a true bill against Mr . Carton , editor of tho DundalJc Democrat , for a seditious libel . Tho application of his counsel , Mr . Perrin , to remove the case to tho Queen ' s Bench , Dublin , was granted .
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LAGOS—ADDITIONAL INFORMATION . The dispatches of Captain Lewis-Jones , of the Bloodhound steamer , and of * Captain Henry Lyster , of tho Penelope , addressed to Commodore Bruce , published in tho Gazette of Friday last , furnish some additional particulars regarding this sanguinary affair . No reason is given by Captain Jones for tho inaction of Christmasday . Ho merely eays , " It was determined that it should bo a day of rest , and it was a quiet day , with tho exception of tho enemy wasting a vast deal of ammunition . " Tho lino of sea-defence is described as extending from tho south point of tho Island of Lagos to tho north point , a distance of two miles ; and in parts whore tho water was ' sufficiently deep for boats to land , stakes in double rows wore driven in six-ft'ot water ; and along tho whole of this distance vvns an embankment with a ditch for tho protection of infantry , and at chosen points strong stockades , made of cocoanut trees , were erected for guna . No wonder the boats' crows found so much difficulty , and suffered such lows , in attempting to liyid * Whon Captain Lystor was withdrawing with his division of boats , — niter spiking tho guns in one ' of tho batteries , nnd on being attacked by an overwhelming force of tho enemy , —it was wuddonly found that tho Kroomou ( natives of tho coast , oifrollvd in tho steamers art flrolnon ) had lot go tho anchor of tho iron rocket boat without orders , at tho very time that tho oneway wore pouring in a destructive fire at pistol-range . Captain
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? They who can afford more , need not stint their liberality . Thoy can subscribe to tho Polish Ilefuyce Fund , to tho Kossuth Fund , or to tho Italian loan .
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afar off . If they would hold a public meeting , it must take place after " midnight , " and the time is abstracted from the narrow margin apportioned for sleep . Certain of these men met on Wednesday night , after twelve , at the Parthenium , in St . Martin's Lane . But even here they were apparently pursued by the proprietors , who made a disturbance , and rendered peaceful proceedings impossible . The proprietors , we are called on to believe , have caused their men to sign a " declaration , " expressing approval of conduct of said proprietors—under penalty of dismissal . They admitted the signing of the declaration , and shortly insisted that the men had not been menaced . Charge and counter-charge , here ; and so , with " gaslights failing , " the meeting finished in desperate confusion .
WRONGS OF THE " 'BUSMEN . " " Omnibus servants" are a hard-worked , badly paid set of men . They are , of course , more fully aware of that fact than we can be , and there are some symptoms among them of a strong desire to remedy their grievances , We have heard eloquent explanations , in the " unadorned " style , from oppressed drivers , and certainly the facts are such as require attention and' amendment . An omnibus servant works sixteen and seventeen hours per day every day , with the most restricted meal-times . He receive nominal wages of 11 . per week ; but out of this sum nearly ten shillings go for extra expenses connected with the working of an omnibus , which certainly not he , but the proprietors , ought to pay . Remedy for grievancejalso lies
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198 THE LEADER , [ Sattjrday
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 28, 1852, page 198, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1924/page/10/
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