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s ^ ekk of'theiriprd ^ ts in place . A like this would be more tempting than whple ^ volumes V&itten in praise of the fiallarat gold diggings , and butter at htuWcroWn a pound { v Our argument goes to provethat one-sixth of the plough horses used in England might be converted into the mutton pies current in the bye-places of London , or pounded up into tile as popular Bologna sausage ; and yet , for all that , British agriculture would not become a bye-word or a disgrace among the nations . It will , we think , follow , that the dirnimshed demand for oats and hay will lower their market value , and that , therefore , more land will be devoted to the production of other crops whereby man " has his being . " This is the consummation we so devoutly
desire to achieve ; and we humbly ask pardon if we have jumped to a premature conclusion in the opinion of agriculturists in general . That we are right in our proposition of substituting fork for plough husbandry , in many cases , receives no mean confirmation from the eminent position which Flemish agriculture still inaintdms , and in wliich our adopted Imp lement , or its ahiiost equally worthy representative , the spade , p lays bo conspicuous a part . Intelligent writers on husbandry advocate its use for the small farmer * well knotting the results which invariably follow the permanent deepening of the staple ' soil . In short , we are not proposing any new theory , except in its application to the particular crop under consideration , whose peculifirities leAd us to recommend fork husbandry in its
culturej both because the outlay Will be immediately refunded ' , and because deep tillage is very essential to its full development . As to the impoverished labourer , whose condition excites otir warmest sympathy , the word has gone forth to the ends of the tvorld , that " the poof shall never perish out of tile land j" and the example of the most prosperous countries forms no exception to this rule * But tliGre are degrees in poverty as in everything else , and the existence of God's fiat is no excuse to us for refraining from pointing out the means by which that poverty may be alleviated ; leaving its existence to be manifested only in those doubtful specimens of humanity who are constantly crying for " a little more slumber , a little more folding of the hands to sleep . "
We have occupied the entire space allotted to us this week , in treating the cultivation of flax as a question affecting the condition of the suffering labourer , to the manifest prejudice of the equine species , and we have done it advisedly . We are ndt impelled to this from having lost our mone ^ r on w Hobbie Noble / ' -forwe never bet , although We are ardent admirers of horses in their fight places ; but man should be " lord over the beast" in more senses than one , and we are weak Enough to confess that our hearts burst within u 6 wli ^ n , in a country ramble , we witness the Care and attention lavished on a pair of plump plough-horses at work in a field , while the care-worn , ill-clothed , starving British labourer evidently envies their happy lot from the adjoining hedge !
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A THOUGHT OB TWO ON THE BOOK QUESTION . f } Utf—Your commendable habit of culling things by tholr right names , to say nothing of largo and enlightened views in tho discussion of Hocitil and political questions , is a very good claim for tho admiration nn ^ d aupporfc of your now , I trnafc , largely expanding circlo of <« constant rcadore . " It is my uibfbrtune more than
my fault , that I am not of the latter class , I have thus probably bceii deprived of the benefit of much useful comment on the interesting book question , now under discussion , and possibly suggestioh ; the first , which here iblloweth , rnay lack novelty . JBut pray permifc me humbly to suggest that the " republic of letters /* by which facetious penmen are pleased to . designate collective authoirsliip , should for the future be read " the slave-mart of letters . "
Let the famous conveyance of JParadise JJosf , which lately , I hear , has become national property , be forthwith framed and glazed , and hung over the porch of our Minerva ' s temple in Blobmsbury , as a mark and proof of the bondage of our craft and the boasted progress Of this nation in rewarding intellect * It will be , perhaps , a consolation to our hereditary bondsmen , to know that they bear the yoke which John Milton bore . It ihajr be , for the reason above hinted , that I have not read in your thoughtful pages dome suggestion for an experiment of the great idea of association as a means oft in time , ejhancipating men of letters from a 1
degrading servitudeto the traders in literature . Uncle Jack's notable scheme of the " Anti-Publishers' Associatioii i" which all the world knows ended in considerably lightening the pockets of too-confiding Mi * . Austin Caxton ; may have tf £ ad very visionary fend mirth-ex citing to philosophers in purple and fine linen , who cry " Utopia- ' against everything which tfses above cbmmoh' -place ; but memory fails me very much if the creator of the speculative optimists did not derive the notion of mine uncle from a real scheme for tin author ' s publishing and self-defensive association , which a few years ago made a Slight step beyond a " project . "
Probably some of the more constant readers of the Leader may be able to correct me if I err in statement of facts , or to supply more accurate information ^ » My recollection only goes to this extent : that the Westminster Hevieib propounded the plan in a paper written by MK John Robertson , then editor of that periodical ; that the suggestion was followed by the formation of an association composed exclusively of literary men ; that funds were subscribed ^ that differences arose among the projectors , which led to indifference in others better
qualified to act the part of business men ; finally , that the project sunk into the tomb of all the " projects , " this only serving to distinguish it from the imaginative creations which have given a too great notoriety to that most memorable of dissyllables ; that funds still rest in some bankers' hands , waiting the earnest union of men of action , whtj will nbt allow jjerddnal considerations to mar a well-designed effort to elevate their order . This is the short history of the Anti-Publishers ' Association , as I hav& heard it related .
I milst leave to abler pens to point the moral , and the best means of adapting the principles of association to the great end of securing to the liter ' ary toiler the just reward of his labour . I may , however , just be permitted td hint at an error in the constitution of the association to which I have referred : in composing it exclusively of literary men . Authors , as a rule , are not famous for knowledge or experience of the common business affairs of life . A literary financier is now a nine day ' s wonder . Besides , we are an irritable race ; and we must sit for awhile yet at the feet of the doctors of the Peace Society before we can look out for the millennium .
But tins is not exclusively an author's question . Is the author to bo elevated by an association which shall secure to him a due reward for his genius , or talent , or learning , the " reading public" must share in the profit which makes him richer and more independent , and therefore the better fitted to discharge his duty as a public instructor . Why then should not men or experience in the commercialism of life , repay with practical aid , and business advice , somo portion of the instruction or entertiiinmont they have derived P It seems to me , if a very young student of tho now social
science may bo permitted to make tho remark , that tho chances of success for any considerable effort to adapt associative principles to tho emancipation of authorship from this trading serfage , would bo increased by making tho interests of producers atid customers identical , and by enlisting the aid of tho latter in tho native management of tho entcrprizo . Is there any reason why representatives from the universities , tho professional schools , tho professions , ami oven from the unincorporated He < dtions of tho reading public , should not have a Heat at tho council tablo P
Returning nOW to the general question ; it seems to mo , sir , that there is now a much bettor chance for successful experiment of < Jo-oporation , than at tho timo tho Author ' s Association Went to sloop . Association hafl Blnco become one of the greatest and most significant facts of our timo ; and thoro is a bettor trading field to work on , in the innumerable book aiufreadlugBociGtioa which httvo , in recent years , sprung up in all corhftvn of the . land . Are not tho probabilitioa in favour of tho
supposition that these societies would rather d directly witirthe autfer-pi'oducers ; paying a uist munition , than continue to swell the exorbitant gaT This is a , cause which should arouse the iimneoiatfl and adtive exertions of - every man , Who has the misf tufie- ^ ithdtit the luck bf a « name ^ -.-toVbe depended on his pen for daily bread , while public attention f interested in the subject . " If men of letters will on ] resolVe to be self-dependent , the public of these e / lightened days Will second their effort , and give a death-blow in good time to the " sweating system" Ln authorcraft , as ^ Well as" taiioHng . With these nasty observations , 1 hopefully am content to remain , waiting the good time .
An Obscutbe One of Gettb-sW eet May 14 , 1852 .
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[« f THIS D * J ? ABTMKN * , AS AM . OPINIONS , JIOWKVJtJl EXtfttHMlt , Ann am-owmd ah bxpbhssiow , mib mjjitob wBOUBSAiUfc * UOhtfB UlUOXIiV MStH'OKHlVLB VOU JfOWB . ]
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There i ? np learned man but wili confess he hath muoh . profited by reading controversies , his senses awakened . and his judgment Bhnrpemjd . It , then , it bo profitable for him to rend , why should it not , nt loaat , be tolerable for hia'adversary to writo . —Mii-xow .
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the mi . 11 . i ... — -I ' ¦ ' i ' . i-ii ^ m ^^ mmt ~ t * ¦ " ¦ ^^ " ¦ *™* *' * i >^' l > * > MMill > MMal *** * < MWIII ** "' "' *** "' * " ^^^^ ' ^^^ ^*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ M ^^ M * ' ' " * M * llll '' ^**^ ™ ' ^^ ~~ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ . .
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OUTRAGES Ott BRITISH SUBJECTS ABROAD , London ; ITriday , May 28 th . Seb > - * -I have just read , With feelings of deep hutni liation , the speech of Lord Malmesbury , in the Lords and . Mr .. Mftther ^ s letter to his lordshi p * You know me to be i an ardent supporter of Lord Derby ' s ministry , and to be actuated by no factious motites ; but this is too much . Rightly , indeed * did old Wagner say England was to be valued only for her money , if her Foreign Minister valties her honoiuy in the person ; of a British snbjeofc ^ at 1000 francesedtii . —Were it a million , ) it would be the same . , Was it for this that our anny fought at Blenheim and at Waterloo , that the always-defeated Austrians might insult Britons with impunity ? The men who Were routed iftt Marengbj Austerlitz i and Wagram ^ and saw Napoleon enter Vienna in triumph \ the nation that owes its oxisteflce to England , is now to plead its rules of service for wanton insults to pur countrymen ! Did an officer in our service draw , or offer to'draw , on an unarmed civilian , instant and severe would be the , punishment . No wonder the Austrians are so constantly thrashed , if these are their cowardly rules of service . ~ With this we have nothing to do . We are insulted and trampled j > n in the person of our cbuntrymaiij Mather ; and unless we ate to become the despised of all Europe , we must be up and sturing . Ci-omwell would not have passed over this ; biit / either for fear vf interrupting the sale of cotton , or lest we should quarrel with the despotic governments of Europe , we are now to submit to any insult ! Is the name " Englishman" to be a disgrace ? Would France— -would the much-abused President of Francesee bis subjects treated in this manner , and insulted by an offer of money , ps a compensation ? Let the coward who struck the blow be , dismissed the service ; and let the Austrians learn from us proper rules o ^ service , ns they have been taught by us ( although they are not apt scholars ) how to fight . I am , Sir , yours , A Retieed Oiticeb .
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Talking in Sleep . —Sometimes , in the case of a person liable to somnambulism , it is possible to direct the thoughts of the dreamer to any given subject , by acting on the external senses . Smellio , the writer already quoted , gives the subjoined instance : — "Mr . Thomas Parkinson , then ft student of medicine in tho university of Edinburgh , was accustomed to talk nna answer questions in his sleep . This fact was known to his companions . To nihuse ourselves , two of us went gently into his chamber while he was asleep . > Vo knew that he was in love with a young lady in Yorkshiretho place of his nativity . Wo whispered hor
, nanao repeatedly in bin ear . Ho soon began to to « s about his hands , and to spoaJc incoherently . ¦» gradually became wore calm and collected . ¦ ' imagination took the direction wo intended . " thought ho was stationed under tho lady ' s window , and repeatedly upbraided Ivor for not appearing an speaking to him , as she had so often done on iorint occasions . At last ho bocame impatient , eturtea » 1 < laid hold of books , shoes , and ovorytliing no «>«
easily grasp . Thinking his mistruHS wiw flslcep , ' throw these articles against tho opposite wall « t . chamber . By what ho said , wo learned , that « iniftginary hcouo lay in a strcot , and thut ho w « s ur ing tho books and shoos at tho lady ' s window , in o" » to awako hor . She , howovor , did not wppoaxi ¦ ailor tiring hiniHcH ; with frequent oxcrtions , l » o w quietly into bed without wakening . 'Hi * ey ° » JV noiu-ly shut ; and although ho freely convened ™ us , ho did not scorn to porcoivo that any person present with him . Next day , wo told liim w »«« happened ^ hut ho mid that ho had only a f « il »* vC ~ l s > tion of droamiiiff nboufc his mlfltrcfiB . "— W < mw > J ? oofcet Misoellam , vol . iv .
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Leader (1850-1860), June 5, 1852, page 540, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1938/page/16/
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