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,. jjgfcgand to the recommendations of officers who write f | him or attend his levees , and if names are brought befhre him with a fair word in their favour , he does not hesit to to select them for commissions . This opens the door t the jobbery carried on , to the infinite scandal of the "That the excellent and honourable military secretary may trow to what extent this , goes on , we unhesitatingly state that there are persons of all classes , in town and elsewhere , ttinff themselves in communication with the gentlemen who prepare young men for the army , offering , for certain sums to get their names brought forward some months earlier than they could otherwise hope for . Wo less than fmir individuals , totally unknown to each other , assured a
friend of ours the week before last that they possessed this mysterious power . Of course , they were very close as to the manner in which the thing was done ; but one of them having demanded three or four hundred pounds to effect a certain object , he was roundly asked into whose pocket such o , sum would go ? He answered in great confidence , that he was obliged to bribe certain necessitous general officers , who would wait upon Lord Fitzroy Somerset , and on the strength of their rank and services , solicit the favour of his speedily nominating the youth who was to pay the amount . The others asked much less for what they proposed to effect and declined to state how they accomplished the end but that they had the means they were prepared to
prove by reference to certain successful cases—that is to say , certain preferential nominations obtained through their means , at no distant date . "
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EXCURSION TO THE NEW WATER-SOURCES PROPOSED FOR THE SUPPLY OF THE METROPOLIS . ( From the Morning Chronicle . ) On Saturday a party of noblemen and gentlemen were conducted over the proposed gathering grounds , in Surrey , by Mr . F . O . Ward , who explained on the spot the new mode of collecting the " hill-top" water recommended by the Sanitary party instead of the " valleybottom" water . Among the party we noticed Lord Ebrington , Professor Wheatstone , Mr . Babbage , Mr . Farr , Mr . Ford , Professor Way , Mr . Chadwick , Mr . Hans Busk , and several other gentlemen eminent in science , or distinguished as supporters of sanitary reform .
The first place visited was the town of Farnham , which has a population of 7000 persons , inhabiting about 800 houses ; and which is already supplied with hill-top water of exceeding softness and purity , collected on the new principle from a neighbouring common , and delivered at constant pressure in unlimited abundance . Some water drawn from a tap in one of the houses was tested by Professor Way , in comparison with the water from a well belonging to the same house , and the difference was most striking . The well water , when the hardening lime was precipitated by the test , looked like thin whitewash ; whereas the pure hill-top watoi * , after the application of the test , remained sparkling as before with unclouded transparency . It was extremely striking and instructive to see the two glasses of water ,
one moment of apparently equal quality , the next presenting so strongly marked a difference . The experiment showed how loaded with deleterious earthy matter the brightest looking water may be , and how much dissolved chalk wo arc thus betrayed into drinking , which we should shrink from eating in the solid form . Mr . Payne , an influential inhabitant of Farnham , and the originator of its hill-top water-works , having joined the party , it proceeded to Farnham Castle , the residence , of the Bishop of Winchester , who afforded a most courteous reception , and bore valuable testimony to the delicious quality and perennial flow of the hilltop water , of which n small spring , conducted from the common through u pipe a mile long , has served for tho supply of the castle from time immemorial .
irom tho castle tho party produced to Hungry-hill , a heathy upland common , from the southern slope of which the supply of Farnham is derived . Incredible as it may seem , tho whole supply of the town is derived from the drainage of only two acres of tho bill side , including two small hollows , formerly moist and boggy , but since the drainngo perfectly dry . This little tract is traversed by one main pipe , of ordinary burnt clay , about , mix inches in diameter , into which run twenty or thirty ramifying feeders , of about three inches eapa-<¦''¦>' . Tim water with which the sandy hill is saturated (<> 1 course by the rainfall on its surface ) oozes through these
subterranean feeders in an unfailing How , . sufficient lor tho constant replenishment of tho reservoir that Nnpplies the town . Tho pipes themselves arc of course buried out , of sight , but tho tracts of tho trenches mude lor t . lieii- reception arc still visible ; and they illustrated very cleiuly tho plan of tho capillary system by which tho pun , nun-distilled ruin water is collected , immediately after natural filtrutions through u layer of siliciouH Nil"I washed clean by tho ruinfall of ages . Such water , a i Mr . l \ o Wiml explained , is in the purest , state in which it . is furnished us by nature . It in , in fact , ^ i " > n : e ( 1 , oxydized , jind cooled by : i natural process ; 1 ( ' < 1 from objectionable impregnations imbibed Jl '«>| u the air , and not , as yet polluted , in exchange , by
iinpui'ities acquired from the earth . This mode of collection , advocated by the Sanitary party , but opposed as visionary by the monopolist companies , was described by Mr . Ward as a logical step in that series of improvements by which the hydraulic engineer has progressively extended his control over water—removing it , at each successive advance , more and more from the operation of chance—i . e ., from the casual influx of natural Or artificial pollutions . The natural mudbanked streams were Jong ago replaced by artificial water-courses lined with stone or brick ; next , these
were covered in , or replaced by earthen or metallic tubes ; and then came Peter Morryss , who prolonged these tubes by ramifying ducts into our very houses . Evidently a similar extension remains to be accomplished at the opposite end of the aqueduct ; and ramifying feeders for gathering water come next in the order of sequence to ramifying duets for its delivery . As aqueducts are artificial rivers , so , by the strictest parity , these feeders are artificial springs . Constructed , at small cost , of ordinary clay drain pipes , laid in the nsual manner , three or four feet deep , they catch the filtered rain water at its point of maximum purity , and convey it to its destination in channels equivalent
for cleanness to the fissures of the granite rock . 1 hus , the only remaining element of uncertainty—the random flow of water over or through the soil—is eliminated , and its whole course , from the ground on which it falls , to the tap at which it is consumed , is brought under our direct control . Lands hitherto regarded as profitless wastes , when considered in tins new light , spring into sudden value and significance as . water-farms , adapted to afford us drink , by those very conditions of sterility which unfit them to produce un food . And as the richest soil in Europe has for centuries been devoted to the production of beer and wine , so now our barren commons are found available for the supply of that still more inestimable benefit , pure , soft , and wholesome
water . Having tasted and tested the water thus gathered , which was found delicious , and almost as pure as dis « tilled water , the party proceeded to Tilford-bridge , under which a stream of beautifully bright , soft , and sparkling water , analogous in q uality to that of Farnham-common , is seen running swiftly over pure gravelly sand , in quantity sufficient for the present net supply of the metropolis ( as c ontradistinguished from the gross supply pumped in by the companies , who waste more than two-thirds of the whole by their intermittent and stand-cock mode of delivery ) . This stream ,
however , Mr . Ward explained , would not be taken in bulk , but would be traced to its minute sources , and there collected by capillary feeders run into the hills , to form artificial springs , like those just visited at Farnham . To inquiries as to the expense of this plan , Mr . Ward replied , that the Farnham artificial springs were found cheaply available for the supply of 300 houses , and that those little works a thousand times repeated would obviously suffice for the supply of the 300 , 000 houses composing the metropolis ; the cost being relatively less in the second case than in the first , owing to the
reduction of establishment charges by tho larger scale of operation . The saving of soap and soda , attainable by the substitution of soft for hard water , and amounting ( according to calculations based on the experience of Bolton and Glasgow ) to no less than 250 , 000 ^ . a yea r for the metropolis , was here demonstrated by Professor Way , who applied tho soap-test of Dr . Clark to the soft Tilford stream , in comparison with tho hard Alton stream ( which joins tbo other a bow-shot below tho bridge ) and who showed that moro than double tho soap was required to produce a lather with the hard water than with the soft .
After witnessing these experiments tho party proceeded towards tho barren upland district known us tho Ilindlicad , from which tho Tilford stream arises by innuinenible slender rills . Having inspected tho water in bulk , it appeared desirable to ascertain , by a inrvey of its sources , that tho capillary mode of collection practised at Furnham was equally available in this district , which lies about ten miles more to tho south , on tbo outcrop of tbo lower green sand . For this purpose ; one of the , little rills , called Silver-thread , was selected , and traced to its origin at , tho Devil ' s lumps , a scries of three conical hills , from tho top of
which wits obtained a good view of the ( Suthering ground country- — a range of high , barren moorlands , receiving annually on each aero about 3000 tons of water , 'and extending , hill beyond hill , over inoro than a hundred square miles . Here , ascending tins highest of tho Devil ' s . lumps , tho party dined on tho grass , nheltoml by u curious rock , which juts up , picturesquely enough , from tho very summit of the bill ; and though l , ho repast , was not , deficient of moro cordial beverages , tho " bright , water-jug , " filled from tho Silver-thread rill ( which wus flowing with u most melodious sound below ) , wont round from hand to hand , and was resorted
to with avidity . So pure and fresh a draught , it was agreed , might be envied by our gracious Queen , whose palace , amidst all its splendours , cannot yet furnish those highest luxuries of all , untainted air and water . Nor was it less strongly felt that the substitution of such a supply for the filthy and undrinkable water at present furnished to the metropolis would do more than any repressive measures , or mere teetotalist
exhortations , to wean the poorer class from habits of intemperance . The learned professors present expressed themselves convinced by what they had seen of the soundness of the views advocated by Mr . F . O . Ward and the Sanitary . reformers as to the substitution of hill-top for valley-bottom water supplies ; and the whole party returned to town impressed with a lively preference of " Silver-thread" water to the sewagetainted water of the Thames .
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PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . The subjoined letter is by an eminent writer on Social Economy , well known to most of our readers also for his practical exertions in the application of the principle of Concert , as Mr . Jules Lechevalier . M . Leclievalier has resumed his patronymic of St . Andre , which he had formerly dropped , but which is now needed to distinguish him from the also eminent economist of the old school , M . Michel Chevalier : — - To the Members , Friends , and Supporters of Working Men ' s Associations , and of Co-operative Sio 7 ~ es . " No mail having put hia hand to the plough , and looking back , ia tit for the kingdom of God . "—St . Luke , ix . 62 .
Having resigned , in the beginning of March last , the management of the Central Co-operative Agency , at 76 , Charlotte-street , Fitzroy-square , which had been entrusted to me by Mr . JEdtoard Vansittart Neale , the founder of that establishment , and the dissolution of partnership , as regards myself in the late firm , Lechevalier , Woodin , Jones and" Co ., now carried on under the title Woodin , Jones and Co ., having been Gazetted on the 13 th of April last , I always considered it my duty to address you and the friends of co-operation and industrial reform in England , on that occasion , as I did last year , when business was begun .
Nevertheless I have , up to this day , delayed fulfilling such intention , as my address to you could answer no useful purpose , until I was ready to show what further step I meant to take for the advancement of co-operation and industrial reform . It is gratifying to me to think that none of you might have ever plausibly entertained tho idea that , leaving for any motive any especial co-operative
establishment , I had left altogether the field of my permanent exertions since 1829 , at a time when , and in a country where the facts of the present and the prospects of the future are so satisfactory , and the method adopted to carry out the realization of industrial reform according to the great principle of co-operative association , so conformable to my views , and so well adapted to the little amount of practical wisdom experience has taught me .
In the prospectus of the Central Co-operative Agency , the following four principles have been set forth :- — " 1 st . That trade , exchange , distribution of goods , are trusts to be administered alike in the mutual interests of producers and consumers , not to bo conducted as matters of speculation . " 2 nd . That any adulteration , fraud , and falsehood of any kind , in price , quantity , or quality , is a misdemeanour , and should be dealt with as such by public opinion , and by each individual producer , in tbo absence ot law .
" 3 rd . That tbo most legitimate and efficient means which tbo wealthiest classes have for aiding the working men , and t , hc wealthier classes for aiding the poor out of employment , is to secure their consumption to cooperative establishments , by giving their orders through ft regular channel , acting under an especial responsibility for tho purpose . " 4 th . That an equitable and freely-accepted arbitration between producers and consumers , and tho regulation of demand and supply according to tho co-operative principle , should be substituted for the arbitrary and selfish power of" privato speculation . "
These principles are , in my opinion , a clear and complete summing up of anything wise and practicable to bo gathered up from that , part of tho efforts of sorence , since tho beginning of this nineteenth century , relating especially to substituting co-operative and emulative association to conflicting competition , in industrial and commercial transactions . In a public address , which was delivered at , tho meeting of proprietors , depositors , and customers of tho London Co-operative Stores , held in tho board-room of tho establishment , 7 ( 5 , Charlotte -street , Fitzroy-squaro , on tho 30 th of May , 18 &J , iiml whereof tho roport lias
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August 7 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 747 ___ — — - —
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 7, 1852, page 747, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1946/page/7/
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