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^tthlit lifnirjs.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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which will cause some of the samples to be inferior in quality there is reason to believe that the harvest will be an average one , and that , while there will be some wheat spoilt , the loss to the farmer will be remedied by the slightly increased value of the residue . Should the weather , however , prove wet again , the farmers must suffer , as the wheat will then be very inferior , and the foreigner will then come in and successfully compete with the home grower . There is one peculiar feature in the present harvest worthy of note , i . e ., a general want of labour . For the last half century there has not been so great a scarcity of labour as at the present time , and the labourers are doing better than at any time within remembrance . The cost of reaping per acre in Worcestershire has hitherto been 7 s . 6 d . to 8 * . 6 d . an acre , and at the commencement of
harvest operations this year that price was given It was soon found , however , that men were not to be had ; that , from some cause or other , those who usually visited the agricultural districts at this season to assist in harvesting failed in making their annual appearance . Some of this is doubtless owing to the increase of emigration , while another great cause is the abundance of employment in the manufacturing districts . The result is that labour is greatly enhanced in value , and farmers in some parts of Worcestershire are at this moment giving from 12 * . to 21 * . per acre for reaping , while many cannot get help at any price ,
and are obliged to suspend harvesting operations , while the ripened corn is dropping from the stalks . At this juncture the reaping-machine is becoming doubly valuable , and in West Worcestershire and East Gloucestershire it is being brought into extensive operation , notwithstanding the prejudices entertained against it by the labourers and the farmers of the old school . The weather maintains its stormy character . There was another terrific thunder-storm , with deluges of rain , on Tuesday evening along the chain of the Malvernhills forming the division of the counties of Worcester , Hereford , and Gloucester .
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Inspector Reason , the officer appointed by the Commissioners of Police to carry out the provisions of the Common Lodging-houses Act , attended before Mr . Ingham , at the Thames Police office , yesterday , to sustain a variety of informations he had preferred against the Irish occupants of rooms in houses situate in Ilosemary-lane , Derbystreet , Hampshire-court , and other dirty localities , for not registering their houses and conforming to the provisions of the new law . The various parties charged were in the practice of subletting their rooms and cellars to their country people , and some frightful details were given of the filthiness and wretched condition of the apartments in
which men , women , and children were indiscriminately lodged . In some of the rooms there were no bedsteads at all . In one , the cellar of a house in the occupation of a man named Jeremiah Sullivan , one of the dirtiest creatures over seen , some women and boys were found who paid 6 d . per week each for the wretched accommodation . They were sleeping on the damp ground . Sullivan paid 5 s . per week for the whole house . In a yard behind it there was a largo accumulation of decomposed vegetable matter . In another tenement which tho inspector visited , no water was laid on , and tho cesspool had overflowed the yard , which was used by tho proprietor for carls and vans . In one small room thero wero ten adults of both
Boxes , nnd one child sleeping- on the floor , and some of them paid 9 d . and others 1 s . per week for their lodgings ; others paid 3 d . per night . Police-sergeant Price , No . 15 II . tho inspector of common lodging-houses in tho Whitcehapel district , had given all tho jmrties a months' notice to register and conform to the law in providing bedsteads , laving on a plentiful supply of water , erecting partitions in the apartments for tho separation of tho sexes , and cleansing their rooms , but nil except one had failed ; but they had been to tho commissioners' -oHico to give notice that they would register , and had received an oflicial notice that their places would bo surveyed , and that tho number of lodgors they wero to receive would bo named under proper restrictions . These official notices tho Irish people affected to believe wore complete registers and
licences to do as they pleased . Ono man , producing his notice , with tho seal of tho commissioners attached , Baid , " Hero is my register , your honour ' s wurtchip ; sure I liavo done every hap ' orth they tould mv ,. " It was proved that ho had dono nothing at all , that his room was sublet , BomclimcH to twelve , and on other occasions to twenty different persons . Homo had tho luxury of a bed and bedstead , for a third of which they paid Is . ( id . per week , and others , who had no bedsteads , paid Is . por week for a mo of a " whako down" on tho floor . J ) cd . stcnd » wi : ro very niro in tho Irish lodging-houses , and the stench in eoino of thorn was ho horrible that itoiuum and Price woro obliged to make a precipitate retreat . Mr . C . ltoeves , surveyor to tho commiiuiionvrH , Jjml experienced much inconvenience in surveying tho filthy places , and from one of them ho " carried homo upwards of 600 industrious fleas . " i S i ' , ' \ Sj '/\ L F t Tho witn « BBD * flaid tuet 3 « k { rt + hitine tho Jodgiiig-houHes nnd
was very / OiBjteWBWWq tyOTjJOC * dangerous . Mr . ttMA £ jfrJ $ ritlAt ^^ said they must cojmpi ^ wmk ibo a ^ ibf ^ HWnyanent . He fined them all in WnmamM ^^ fi ^ h ^^ V 1 - *¦ coats , and « ai < l that hc WJft ^^^ S ^ r ^^^^ Jfcfl | l < 'm 5 / ., and an additional fJWvnBfc ^ or ^ j & ^ oif ^ Q ^ y day they oU ' ended if thoy didVo ^^^ tj c ^^ ns ^ t&HJKe regulations . If they received an ^ orlOT | p ( # itfi ^ 'tnUni <> ttco until their plums yvoro cU'aAfcj ^ iy ^ e ^ y Mr % Mod , and registered , ho would inflict tho Tulrpbmht |^ Y ( dto 3 i any abatement .
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aggressions on English subjects , sufficient to compel resentment and retribution , and British ships enter the Rangoon . The Government resists just enough to force the avenging squadron forward , so that step "b y step it establishes British power in the Rangoon . The people , who at first fled before the British fire , return within the British lines , claiming protection against their own rulers . But it does not end there : the
Burmese Government , waiving an active resistance in the Rangoon , transfers the counterattack to the British frontier of Assam ; thus pledging us by a new bond to continue the war unto conquest over that Government . When all is done , it will be difficult to hand back the poor people to the custody of their native rulers , especially as the retention of the province would probably pay us for the war . On these grounds , with great probability , Indian politicians are calculating upon annexation .
THE AGGRESSIVE POLICY , EAST AND WEST . Annexation is decreed in Burmah by the march of events . Such is the dictum in India . England cannot help herself . As it has been in the Punjab , in Scinde , so it will be in Burmah . The native chiefs will assail us , the native people will accept us ; and how can we help deigning to conquer the princes , or to reciprocate the acceptance of the people ? It is a difficult question . The Government of Burmah perpetrated several
One of the most remarkable traits in English politics just at present is the inability of our statesmen or of the public to conceive the idea , clear and comprehensive , of the very policy which the state may be practically pursuing . It is common for all parties to talk of the continuance of peace , and the impolicy of territorial enlargement , just as if this country were not continually at war , and continually enlarging her territory . This shutting of the eyes to our own deeds , does not prevent us from accomplishing those deeds , but only from accomplishing them well . Wo annex , but we undergo more costly wars than we should , if we wore to determine , beforehand , a steady course of conquest and consolidation in
India . Wo do pursue such a course , unsteadily ; for we find that upon it depends the retention of the empire ; and no influential party has yet resolved to begin the dismemberment of the empire . The Indian races aro only waiting for a stumble on our part to fall upon tho British knot of invaders , and to restore a host of potty native empires . The deferment of that revolt depends entirely on the maintenance of an active and conquering position ; but tho position would bo all tho stronger , if our policy were moro distinctly aggressive , and more intelligibly positive . It is , in a less manifest degree , tho same in Europe—all over the world . English influence is waning in Europe , because tho power of England to vindicate lier own resolves has not
recently been displayed , and is supposed to have been enfeebled , llio essential principle of English influence in Europe is constitutional government . With certain exceptions , wo have against uh , rh in India , the chiefs , with us the people ; and a more active policy on the part of England , to vindicate her own essential principles , would evidently range on our side , to mnintain our ¦ policy against every hostile power , tho peoples
of many groat states . Tho fact is so obvious , that foreign statesmen can only draw from our passive position ono of two conclusions—either Dud England is conscious of diminished power , or that her court has made groat way in substituting royal for national influence , and is able to dictate a polity favourable to tho advance of kingly influence oven within our own frontiers . In either case , England can no longer bo
respected as she has been ; and it will cost her much to re-establish her repute . So likewise in the West , the continued attempt to maintain a passive policy exposes us to the same twofold risk . It destroys the belief in our power , and it rouses against us the most powerful influence on the Transatlantic Continent . Our great rival there—if , indeed , we can claim to be so much as a rival to the Federal Republic not only exercises , but avows a policy of aggression , and conquest . The actual territory of the &e _ public is continually enlarged at the expense nnf
only of Indian tribes , but of neighbouring states To the South lies a great state , in which no inconsiderable party is continually inviting the Anglo-Saxon Republic as an appropriator . To the South-east lies that archipelago of which Cuba and Porto Rico form parts alread y destined , by no inconsiderable party within the Republic to annexation . To the North lie those colonies for which our Government has repeatedly conceded much under threat of revolt . To England belongs a part of the West Indian archi pelago , on which the United States have already set their
mark ; and in those English islands of late years , we have obtruded a weak policy , meant to be philanthropic , but practically obstructive of philanthropy : it destroyed the prosperity of the colonies oy a compulsion upon the settlers to obey our principles , though we could not help them to make the obedience prosperous . We have enforced emancipation and free trade in the West Indies ; we have confessed our inability to permit supplies of labour , or to sustain our dependencies under their trial . We disappoint British subjects ; we vex our allies with
obtruding a policy which we contradict m the East ; we teach both dependents and foreigners to think us feeble in will and act . Is that the way to maintain British influence ? It ia reported that our Government is forming an alliance with some others of Europe to maintain against the United States the miserable wreck of the Spanish-American empire ; it is certain , that in the settlement of the fishery question , —if that has been settled on the basis described by the ministerial newspaper , —Downing-street has made a right concession , but in a way to create the most unfavourable impression . By the action of
Downing-street , England is made to appear in America at once obstructive in pretensions , and weak in conduct — irritating and contemptible . The position is exactly the reverse of the one which would be advantageous to this country , which should bo formidable in resolve and in act , and conciliatory in language and in spirit . A distinct aggressive policy on our part would warrant us in permitting the same to our kindred rival , the American Republic ; and moving side by side , the two would be irresistible . As we have so often said , they might dictate to the powers ot the world , and divide the earth between them . It would indeed be so if we accepted tho suggestions of our own deeds .
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REBELLION AND TREASON . If statesmen do but read history with attention , they aro fain to confess that tho very things which are the strongest motives to rebellion , aro also tho strongest motives by which men may do governed . A nation of firm strong will is casiiv ruled , if the rulers study how to rule it tlir ° « fi » itself . Tho men who extorted Magna CJuuta from King John had such strong convictions ana feelings , that a genuine and spontaneous » PP " to those feelings must have boon effectual , i United States of America preferred tho ^ rl f " constitution to tho name of King Y ^ Wh Third ; and sticking to tho code by right ot wniw tho king reigned , thoy forced him to abdicate ^ " * fairest possessions across the Atlantic . © a men read these passages and others of tho sai sort ; but instead of drawing tho ™ ^ .,, •/„ fall , in modern fashion , to comparing tho Btall " of tho British and colonial navies , or some otm pedantic rubbish of that sort . ,. _ Tho Irish arc a people of strong f « "fJ ' keenly alive to injury , mortified by no Pjj auxious to avenge humiliation . Thoy JmV 0 ,
correlative sensibilities—an almost exaggVl \* sense of benefit , exultation under * ttVOU 1 | f fl ( 1 notice , anxiety to reciprocate attention . Ireland been freely helped in * ° T . tr ?" instead of being tardily and grudgingly " ^ i ^ with prompt presentment of Eng land s bill" for payment as soon as it 1 B i . \ rTCO i . Sovereign had made Ireland for a tune her roe
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800 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep tilings fixed when all the world is By the very law of its creation in eternal progress . —Db . Abnoxd .
^Tthlit Lifnirjs.
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SATURDAY , AUGUST 21 , 1852 .
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 21, 1852, page 800, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1948/page/12/
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