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ipnlilir iffaira.
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jj2 E& ix n p v.*.
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of the efforts of the past against the conquests of progress and liberty . He was , in his own country , as a vestige of times which exist no more . The pride , more than the gratitude , of his countrymen , has caused statues to be erected to him . But the future owes him nothing ; his name will only be for posterity a sonorous word , and his image will not be found in the only Pantheon which countries will respect—in the Pantheon of Liberty . " The article in the Sibcle is by no means ungenerous , and will delight the friends of peace . We extract as follows : —
" Wo have no pretension to appreciate , in a few hasty lines , such a busy existence . We confine ourselves for today to noticing the differences which exist in the spirit and the relations of the two nations , between the present time and that at which enthusiastic England saluted the more than doubtful conqueror of Waterloo . The ardent rivalry , the hatreds of centuries , have become appeased . France and England have made immense progress in all the branches of human activity . The Duke of Wellington was , during the first period of his life , the last representative of the fatal animosities which so long armed one against the other—the two powerful nations whose union is now necessary to the march of civilization . The sword . —it is to be hoped , at least—Jias for ever been sheathed .
The fields of battle on which France and England have so fiercely contended have become transformed , and the pacific conflicts of manufactures and commerce have succeeded to sanguinary contests . In our eyes , the Duke of Wellington ' s best title to glory is , that he understood in the latter years of his life the striking transformation , and identified himself with the spirit of the century . We will make no other reflections in presence of the tomb , into which the old general is about to descend . In 1815 , he went about Paris with five cockades in his hat , as the Jlfomteur of those days relates ; and the cosmopolitism which he then displayed had a signification which no doubt he did not divine , but which had a prophetic character . The union of nations , whose symbols he wore , tends every day to become a truth . "
The Debats gives a short biography of the Duke without comment . The Asscmblee Rationale , the Union , and the ITnivers merely give the telegraphic despatch announcing the death .
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The incidents of the progress of M . Bonaparte leaves no doubt that the Empire is theatrically provided for . M . Bonaparte has declared that , in all public matters , he obeys principle ; but in all personal matters he obeys the public wishes . What could be clearer ? Ever since he left Vierzon the cry has been , " Vive VEmpereur f All along the line the cry is " Vive I'JSniperetcr J" At least , such is the account given by his satrups , the prefects ; showing that if such cries have not been heard , the world must be made to believe we have , which comes to the same thing . Not the least insignificant incident was that over the gates over the palace of the cardinal , at Bourges—the initials , " L . N . " were surrounded by an Imperial Crown .
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During the week , the musical festival , at Hereford , has been performed . It wound up yesterday , with the Messiah . Information up to the 9 th instant has been received from Mr . Owen Jones and Mr . Wyatt , who havo been appointed by the directors of the New Crystal Palaco to collect illustrations of tho art of the continent . The travellers had reached Home . Tho results of their journey appear hitherto to bo highly successful . At Paris permission had been obtained to mould several of tho finest works in the Louvre , amongHt others , tho Grout Niinrood , lroni Egypt , several of tho best Vonuscs , and colossal Htutues b y Jean Goujon , in all , about 4 ( X ) pieces , 80 of which will bo above life size . Casts of tho Ghiberti Gates have also boon secured , us well as of the principal of Michael Angelo ' s figures in tho Medici Chapel , at Florence , an important , scries of cinque cento ornamentals , and fine Works of Lucca della Itobbia , Donatello , &c .
J'Voiri tho rnuHeuinsof Naples a most valuable ; collection lias been obtained , and arrangements have been made to ennhle the Pompciun court to ho ho curried out us to present a faithful transcript of that peculiar mode of con" ruction . To tliis end the services of tho first painter officiall y attached to tho excavations huve been secured , w ! k > will bring to this country at the close of this your tho result of Jijh studies made on the spot ( luring tin ; last Wcnty years ; every ornament will thus be painted from jniciiijr , s made on the walls of Pompeii . From Lucca and mi Hevoral line works of tho I'isanos liavii been secured , u "d . some int , eresl , i 11 < r works ot ' tlio Cinquo Cento period . A very interesting scone-took place yesterday forenoon on lie River Thames , oil' the Adolphi Nteuin-boiitVior . Shortly liclore nine o ' clock the board of guardians the overseers , the ""• ihcal attendants , and soverul clergymen of SI ,. Martin ' s 1 'jinnh , canio ( o ( , h < . pier , accompanied by <>() emigrants v 'z ., MO menJH womenand l'J childrenwho had had ir to
, , , ^ >« 'passage Adela ide paid for by the parish . At the H I'liin-boat pier some hundreds of tho emigrants' friends ^ ' "'¦ < , in attendance to tako a farewell . The Topaz ( "I'I'ihiicp ) was beautifully dressed out , ami accommodation 1 'iovided lor a largo number of 1 , 1 in parishioners , who had "lerminod to accompany tho omigi ' iints iim far as ( Jraves-! '"d , and nee them safely put . on board the ( htlciUta , which IM ' <> start at onco for Port Adelaide . I'lenty of roast heel ' , ( "uni pudding , and beer was taken on board the Topaz , "it tho emigrants might enjoy themselves on their jour"J ' . v down tho river . Everything being in readiness , tho ¦ " / '" ~ started on Jior journey , amidst tho cheers of those on 'oiird and those on tho banks of tho river . Tho emigrants " ! " •<> placed on board tho Calcutta ; a lunchon followed , w iuuch npuoclnnuking .
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WELLINGTON . Waterloo has gone to the tomb : Wellington , " as high as Rouen steeple , " the object of fear to French babes , and of mortification to Frenchmen , who have not , like a Soult , strengthened their heart in the field , has yielded to death , and the 18 th of June , his own and his country ' s fete day , will be celebrated no more , as it has been celebrated . That day is now a tradition and a memory . Wellington was a great man in the scale of his faculties , but not of the highest order . No canting claim for eulogy over the closing tomb ,- shall shut our sight to a truth ; and our deep , unfeigned respect for the great departed Hero rests \ ipon a belief in that full matter-of-fact straightforwardness which would make it an insult to his memory not to
speak straight out . He had high qualities , but he also lacked the highest . He was a strong type of part of the manly character . He was the greatest military commander of our day , and perfect within himself . He accomplished his destiny , while his great rival , Napoleon , broke down half way ; not through the conspiracy of enemies , but through his own deficiencies . Napoleon did not know his place : Wellington never missed it .
Wellington was fearless : he possessed the General ' s powers of command and of combination in the highest degree . As a part of the soldier ' s faculties , he had no mean powers of administration . Hence , he was a statesman , so far as a great commander must be one : he could survey the political map , and combine the operations of influences , not less than of troops ; he could
keep in mind the details , as well as the larger groupings of public affairs ; he knew the personages of politics throughout Europe and India , and could calculate tlicir probable motives with much sagacity . But these powers only included the perception , so to speak , of the tangible and the authenticated ; he dealt with men and facts as they are recorded and classified , as they are tabulated and assorted in reports and
histories . But he was no philosopher . He was no real politician , like Csusar or Henri Quatre , entering into the spirit and feelings of men and races . He was an exact man , a stern man , and , for all his goodnature , a hard man ; and ho suffered the privations of a hard man . His touch was callous . He could not feel nice distinctions , nor understand motives working unseen . Political events came upon him as surprises , when they sprang from the motives not classified in the data of the
military calculator . He mistook . Reform for rebellion ' , and resisted it as crime , until lie came near to the monster , and found it to be harmless . He objected to Louis Philippe ' s ( Government in its early . stages , when it was the farthest opposite both from tho republic or from that military despotism which it was Wellington ' s highest work to put down , and which in reviving us he sinks to tho grave ; and be agreed to Louis Philippe ' s ( Government when it fell in with routine , and ma . de a toy of a cockney soldiery—tbe very tilings that destroyed the ( Government , and paved the way for a new Napoleon . Without the imagination , of the political philosopher , or the warmer feelings of most men , Wellington was essentially destined to be a servant ,, and not a , master . Here lay the true limitation , not less than the true greatness of his character . Mis ambition was , not to rule , but to attain the highest promotion possible . Tho ambition of a , ( ! a \ sar , of a Henry of Navarre , of a . Cromwell , to overturn the stale , would have boon . to him a madness . Tho zeal to uphold an abstract principle against tho powers that bo , as Cromwell fought for national freedom and
roligious freedom , against despotism and popery , was alien to his mind . He could not work the speculative proposition independently of the authorities of the time , nor share the passion for an abstract purpose . His duty must be laid down for him by others , and then he could discern it . And when he did descry it , nothing * could turn him from it . To take a fort , to conduct a negotiation to a certain end , to form a ministry , to pass a Parliamentary bill , were things to be done as soon as ordered , if they lay within his power ; and ho marched straight to his object , without flinching , in the face of cannon , or obloquy . He was a steward , upright , faithful , fearless—a Titan of the order of servants .
He was not a statesman , for he had no thoroughsympathy with the genius of his country : he never evinced any faculties which showed him to be especially the countryman of Shakspeare , or of Locke , or of Bacon ; he would have been , ex officio , the mere derryer of Cromwell but for $ he anachronism ; he attended punctually to his observances in the Chapel Royal , but we never understood that he interfered at all in the duties of Tillotson or Butler ; he accepted his ceconomy from Peel . He did not even embody the
principle of physical force , which is one element of the trinity-power of every state , —knowledge , affection , and force ; force was to him not a political principle , but only a raw material . He embodied one essential condition of state organization , —discipline . Discipline , in its active as well as its passive sense , is the power by which multitudes give effect to the dictates of the largest affections and the highest judgment amongst them . It is a virtue essential even more to the
free state than to the enslaved , and of that great political , not less than military virtue , Wellington was an honest embodiment . The virtue won him his rank and opportunity in India ; it won him Waterloo ; it won him the confidence of every Sovereign under whorn he has served ; the respect and confidence of every political party ; and ultimately , the affectionate esteem even of a people , who commonly demand larger sympathies than his iron-bound nature could give—Irat the virtue was in itself so thoroughgoing , so complete in its purpose , so honest . . >
If " Liberals" and " popular leaders could but imitate Wellington ' s straightforwardness of conduct , his firmness of purpose , and his chivalrous devotion to discipline , we should not see tho people enervated by suicidal intrigues , nor a great party looking in helpless self-worship at its own intent ; but popular rights would , ere now , have conquered their Waterloo , and a holy alliance of the nations might have signed its treaty , even at Vienna .
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FRENCH THREAT OF INVADING ENGLAND On the very day that Wellington died , the Constitiitiomwl put forth an article directly threatening the invasion of . Kngland . The article is false in its facts , but there does lurk in Franco—though oiof , now amongst her patriots—a barbaric spirit of hatred to England ; and the unscrupulous adventurer , Avho is canvassing the vot . es of " fathers of families , " would be ready enough to take advantage of that spirit , if it fell in his course . JNay , Ik ; has before expressed regret that "his Star" should have destined him "to conquer" us . One of his organs now advances tho threat as imminent : —¦ " Invasion ! May the misfortunes which such a word represents be turned away from i \ w Kn ^ lish people , in spite of the frequent iniquities ol" their politics , mid in spite of the oppression which their navy has . so lon <^ exercised in lOurope ! JMay we never Ik ; obliged to pass that , moveable bridge which steam lias thrown between that nation and ours , unless to stretch out , the hand to the Kln ^ Tish , and to congratulate ourselves with them on beholding somewhat more moderation and equity in their relations with ot her powers ! But , it " ever the plague of war should burst , out , between them
and us , London mi ^ ht well tremble . It , is not fortifications on the coast , nor the activo watching of a licet ; , which could prevent vessels of ^ reat , speed like the Napoleon from carrying each morn than J . ><)<) men on tho lirst , bench of Inland which mi ^ ht bo hare when the , tide ; was out ,. The stru ^ l'' would there ho transported to the land , and there , ( hank God , wo should li ht , with advantage . " This is plain speaking ; but what is tho ContttUittlonnrl / Some timo since it represented M . Thiera , tho historian , who has # ivou vcr-
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September 18 , 1852 . ] TH'E LEAD E R . 897
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SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 18 , 1852 .
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There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law of its creat ion in eternal progress . —Dr . Aenold .
Ipnlilir Iffaira.
ipnlilir iffaira .
Jj2 E& Ix N P V.*.
jj 2 E& ix n p v . * .
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 18, 1852, page 897, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1952/page/13/
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