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reign Affairs ; Ponznrdi S . Martino , Interior ; Buoncompa ni f > race and Justice and Instruction ; Lamarmora , War ; ' Paleocapa , Public Works . Tlie Marquis d'Azeglio , M . Pcrnnti , and M . Cibrario retire ; General La Marmora , MSI . Paleocapa and Buoncoinpagni , remain ; and Count Cavour , General Dabormida , and Count Ponzardi San Martino , arc added to the Ministry . In a recent tempest at Athens , one of the columns of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius . which every traveller lias admired , near the Adrian Gate , was overthrown . Most of the ships in the Piraeus broke from their moorings , and much damage was done . The storm lasted five hours . Several houses in Athens were thrown to the ground .
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KOSSUTH AND MAZZINI IN STORE STREET . We hare the groat pleasure of recording a most successful opening of the winter campaign of the Friends of Italy , at the Music Hall in Store-street , Bedfordsquare . The gathering was great in numbers and in quality . Mr . P . A . Taylor filled the chair ; on his right sat Joseph Mazzini , on his left Louis Kossuth ; and on either side , among others , were Mr . Robert Lowe , M . P ., Mr . CrawforcCM , P ., Mr . William Coningham , Mr . H . Parry , Professor Newman , Mr . W . Ashurst , Mr . F . Stone ( R . A . ) , Mr . Pulzky , and a numerous party of ladies .
The heroes of the meeting were loudly cheered as they entered . The business was begun by an eloquent speech from the chairman , who during the evening behaved with great tact and firmness . He was followed by Mr . Ireson , who moved a resolution , seconded by Mr . William Coningham , in favour of abolishing the abnormal state of things at Rome . Mr . "W . Coningham won great applause by an energetic protest , as an Englishman , that his countrymen were not content with the position which had been taken up for England at this moment in
Europe"Englishmen were beginning to see that the consequence of their apathy on the one hand , and of the double game played by their Government on the other was—Louis JVapoleon . ( Cheers . ) The result of indifference was a threatened invasion . ( Loud cheers . ) He for one , without being an alarmist , was somewhat alarmed , but he would warn England of the present ruler of France . ILic nifjer est . Hitnc tit , JZomane , caveto . ( Cheers . ) He ( Mr . Coningham ) was no admirer of all the performances of Lord Palmerston ; but he could not avoid seeing that on that day whicli saw a miserable intrigue successful in ousting
Lord Palmerston from a Ministry which remained brainless when he left it , England had ' fallen in the estimation of Europe , and that every day since had witnessed her successive humiliations . ( Cheers . ) This could not last ; and he had that faith still in England that he believed when she assumed her proper post among the nations , Italy , Hungary , Germany , and Franco would commence to rise again . " ( Great cheering . ) M . Mir //// ini then came forward and was , as usual on these occasions , very warmly received . He spoke its follows : —
" Having only this evening lo read to yon a petition which t lit ; society recommends this meeting , tiud its friends everywhere to adopt , I shall prclix only a very words . Powers of . eloquence have never been granted ( o me ; but even if they had been , I could not have used them on 'his of all evenings ! And tlie reason i . s in one word . Kvory one of you has heard within these three or four days that nine individuals belonging to tlio popular party of Italy have been shot in Ancoiia . Tli : » t would tieem to have been enough ; but I have received to-day , and you will probably < o-morro \ v read in your newspapers , the further information that twenty-seven wore . shot , the day after I hose nine bad been shot . ( Cries of ' Shame , nhauic . ' ) Jtcforc these facts , it . would be a mockery for me , nn ltiiliuii , to make a Jong speech . Tin- stale oi Italy is
really sad , and has been really sad beyond measure tor some time . We have wholesale butcheries , iih you see , in the slates of the Church , and we have . wholesale condemnations , not to dentil , but . to the galleys for life , or for twenty years , at Naples . We have wholesale arrests of KM ) to UfiO persons in Loiiibardy . These arrests are most likely to lead to condemnations and to executions , like tlioscnl . Sinigaglia and at Aueoiui . It is only two months nine * ' ono of my personal friends strangled himself with his cravat the first , day of bis entering a dungeon oi ' Austria ; : m < l be did this in the fear of his lieinjr induced , by physical tortures , which Ihev in Austria do apply , to reveal certain secrets . A few « hiyn ago , again , another man of the parly , not a personal friend of mine , but an extremely well-known medical man of Luili . m bonibardy , endeavoured to cut his throat , and did hall siu'eced , in I Ik '
moment of bis passing the threshold of an Austrian prison . I' ! verywhere , indeed , in Italy , lnen are being arrested fit . uhissc at Milan , at Verona , and at Manna . UiiO prisoners at Mantua have been beaten in their prison with nlirkn until they have bled . ( Sensation . ) That is a fac t , communicated by them to their fnmilics . they writing thin information to their families in blood on their linen . I . say , again , Mint in presence of such facts it is almost ' impossible , for me , an Italian , to
Hpcak . ' You may depend on it , that this mass ot • rimes mid of cruellies , which call back to memory t he darkest times of I lie middle iigen will pusu away and will iinisli . ( Great cheenn / , ' ) Tlic . y will finish under the in / lui'iire of I he popular jmrl y . Still , though wo have hope , it is mid to flunk of these men dying finis now . 1 remember our young ollieers , who were killed by the African HhurpshootcrH , dying with a . iiiiulo radiating on their connteiumccH ; for ' they died with the fla ^ «> l liberty waving over their liendn , with Koimi not , y d , fallen , and with Urn belief Unit Koine was being navcd perhaps by
their blood . That was sad , but it was not so completely sad as the fate of those men at Sinigaglia , at Ancona , and at Mantua . These latter died shouting ' Long live Italy , long live the Republic ! ' and that is glorious ; but I cannot help thinking that they had moments extremely sad before dying ; for they must have had some knowledge of what was passing in the world , and they could have little hope in beholding Europe apparently drifting altogether into reaction . They could see a Republic like Switzerland driving the exiles , Italian and French , beyond her frontiers , and appeasing French envy by suppressing books like that of Victor Hugo ' s JSTapoleon le Petit . They saw likewise Piedmont , a constitutional country , confiscating in the same way these books of Victor Hugo . They saw
Belgium with a ministry one-half retrograde , about to introduce a law restraining the liberty of the press , merely with the object of conciliating Louis Napoleon ; and , looking further , their last hopes must have disappeared in seeing a Tory ministry allied with the absolute powers , so far as Jier external relations are concerned , in England herself . ( Loud cheers . ) Thus there was not a single bright spot on which their eyes could rest as they were dying , and that , I feel , is extremely sad . At all events , our duty is known . We shall endeavour to fulfil it . But your duty , as you have been told before from this platform , is not " merely to applaud , buF also to act . It seems to me that there is a disease in the political life of England ; it is not perversity , but apathy
—a want of equipoise between thought and action . It is a Hamlet-like state of mind you are suffering from , in which you think well , and yet cannot act well ; in which there is found a sort of impossibility to _ bring into harmony the realization and the idea . Certainly , if we could go round England and interrogate Englishmen , your vast people and public would be found sympathizing with those principles which you encourage here . But , if you were to test that by an appeal for action—if you were to propose even so little as a one shilling subscription to aid this cause , you would meet with but little success . That is not reluctance , it is indolence and apathy . Let us , however , ask the possible to be done . Here is a petition I am going to introduce to you . It concerns Eome—Eomc
being the centre and the representative of our Italian patriotic cause . This petition will go to the House of Commons , and will there , perhaps , with other petitions , sink into oblivion . But do not let it . You , each of you , as you go home , can become yourselves a centre of action for sustaining this appeal to your Parliament by obtaining similar shorter petitions signed by tens or twenties , or one hundreds ; and I ask you , if you did this , and if the movement spread from hamlet to hamlet , and from town to town , would there not he an effect ? ( Loud cheers . ) In the middle ages there was a superstition that when a murderer walked " over the grave of his victim , the hands of
the murdered one would be htted up within the grave . Let the victims of despotism do so . We raise up our hands ; and you Englishmen should raise up both y our hands in behalf of us Italians , holding in one of your hands the despatch in which Lord Normanby , your ambassador at Paris , avows that the instructions of his Government were , that England had the same objects as the French Government in the invasion of Home ; and holding in the other hand this petition , or some such petition as this . ( Loud cheers . ) Let you Englishmen say , ' There have been murders commit ted , and , Pilate-like , we must wash our hiinds of them . ' These are your duties . For us Italians 1 say , still trust us . ( Loud cheers . )
M . Mazzini then read a very able petition to the House of Commons , praying that steps might be taken to set frejj the Roman States ; which was unanimously adopted . . Professor Newman followed ; and in moving ii resolution bailing the union between Italy and Hungary , delivered an excellent , speech on the right of Italy to a national existence , and on the , duty of Knglund . One point he made was very happy—¦ "Our prevailing foible and danger , in regard to foreign politics , was not . selfishness , not aggressiveness - it , was political pbarisaisin and pedantry . A very largo class
among them , ivlio on principle abhorred despotism- he referred especially to the Whig party- wen ! so enamoured of the particular course through which the Knglish nation bad been led . Mint they thought every other nation must go through tho s-. unc ! course . This was a great mistake . In this country foreign nionnrchs had never been able to re-establish monarchs who had fallen . ( Hear , bear . ) Tint failures of put riots abroad were carped at , as if they were faults ; and it was much to bo regretted that in this way we should have played into the hands oi despots . "
Mr . Parry seconded the resolution ; and when he concluded , tin" cries lor Koswifh were so loud Mint be was compelled lo respond . VVlien the cheers bad . sub sided , Ik ; said—¦ " Believe me , Indies and gentlemen , 1 feel deeply , very deeply sensible of your kindness , and of tlie value of that interest which yoii liuiiiifent for the cause of Italy and Hungary . I thank you for this manifestation I he more because , ' in consonance with the resolution just now adopted , I feel entitled lo take such a manifestation , not , only for an acknowledgment , but for an approval of ll | o brotherly fraternisation and a ! lian < e between tho nation
of Italy and the lint ion of 11 ungarv . ( Loud cheers . ) Ami in that respect , myliest . annwer , J believe , is , that , thus | Mere M . Kossuth , extending his hand iutonh the table , Hei / . cd that of M . Mazzini , who stood up and reciprocated the |) roof of a mil y , of course amid the i in inclines ! applause of Hie delighted ' meeting | that thus I lake up the bund of my friend and brother , IYIa // ini ; and an I stand hero before God and you , liaml in hand with him , ho depend upon it . the world will yet reo the people of Italy and the people of Hungary , not , only standing up , but aluo marching on , nide by side , and band in band , till those fair purla of ( ho world uro restored to tho natural ,
imprescriptible , and inalienable right-of every nation to bo f to be independent , and to have to exercise thr ^ ' reign right of every nation to regulate nccordiiAjT own will its own domestic concerns ; and to set " in i to set down , and to alter and to change , when } l ^ -n and how it will its own government . ( Tremendous cheer ing . ) As to the rest , obedient to your call I have rE ' but only for the purpose to apologize for not makint ' speech . Ihere is a time and a season for overvthin ¦ the world . There is a time and a , season to speak n ^ there is time and to be Rilent t ? Li Kut ^ rt ) ± a u . Mine mm xo dc Rilent
a a season ,. Ym , .-r a season . You En ^ l" l are happy . You may hope to carry all tint you require hi the peaceful means of the free word . For us we nothing carry with words . And therefore I have ' takenin consequence of my duty I have taken—the rule that for the future I have only a single speech , which k reserved for the due time , and depend upon it to be spoken in due time ; and that only speech that I have in future is " Up , boys , and at them—follox me . "
This unexpected communication was received with perceptible astonishment ; but the concluding phrase of the -sentence produced overwhelming applause " Until ( added M . Kossuth ) I have an occasion , to * deliver that speech , I will have none else . So am I done with oratory . " The meeting immediately after hrolce up .
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IN MEMORIAM : " ROBERT BLUM . " Ween the Due D'Engliien was shot at Vincennes Europe , that is , " good society , " shrieked out an anathema on his murderer , because the Due D'Enchien was a Bourbon , one of the tip-top peaks of good society . When Holier was hung in the mountains of the Tyrol , society , " good" and not good , execrated Ins executioner ; and when Palm , bookseller of Vienna , was put to death for publishing a pamphlet against the Emperor of the French , all the world denounced the vic tor of "Wagram . Hoffer fought not only for his mountainhome , but for an Emperor ; and Palm , likewise , published for the same personage . In each case , the massacre was as indefensible as the slaughter in cold blood of the Hungarian generals in 1849 , by the orders of the Baron Haynau ; or the Prussian massacres in Baden ; or the Austrian massacres at Brescia . " Good society , " saved by Napoleon III ., and " civilization , " saved by the red monarchies , however , did not care much about these massacres ; and when , on the 9 th of November , 1848 , the famous Prince Windischgratz shot Eobert Blum in the ditch below the ramparts of Vienna , good society , Mr . Macaulay , and civilization , scarcely said anything at all . Yet the massacre of tlie young Bourbon , the Tyrolese , the Viennese , and the Saxon , were acts of the same kind of despotic power .
"Robert Blum , also , was a bookseller in the famed city of Leipsic : He was a democrat by birth and education , and he was elected to sit , as a democrat , in tlie famous German Parliament at Frankfort , in 1848 . In the autumn of that year , the Hungarian militia had driven Jellachieh out of Hungary ; and the Hungarian army , acting under treacherous or lukewarm generals , was " encamped between the Raab suul the Laitha . Vienna was in revolt ; Metternich had lied ; Bern and Hang were in command of the place , and Wimhschgriitz was advancing to besiege it . At this juncture , Khun and two others were officially . scut to Vienna , by
th ' tluidernmn refugees in London celebrate the dark < lu . V llun
of the tttli of November . To them , " Hobort > . >• - a Nju'ivd memory , and sin inspiring watchword . Accordingly , " on Tuesday , a large body , ( l " " " ^' chiefly of < Jcrinans , met in tin ; large room at the l'l . eniiiNfiiiH * Tavern , to celebrate the death of fhe ^'' jV of 1 SIS , by ii series of orations delivered !> . V Arn <> Huge , Oncar I ' nlke , Dr . Tauscnau , smu ; l () i'i "'" ( ' * Kongo . Professor Ku ^ e . occupied Ilio chair ; <»< his head wan bung si . portrait of the noble , lu'i ) face of Muniwith its line d-humoured « 'M' wiui niiv ^ w-
, , goo , [ IK'O <) I 1 MUI 1 I , nn , ... . Kion , not . unlike the busts of SoemW'S . . ' ' '' ^ picture drooped the ( iermaii tricolor , in b » nds J'j ' j . ^ j ml , and gold— -ami on each side a red banner- " ^ Hprecl . was delivered by the clmirmiin in ( iorinj "' - be-an by explaining how it was Unit IHun . J . ml "' ^^ tho apo ' st-lc and martyr of ( icrnian h cedoin . wuh the thorough ( icniian representative iim" . . wns the t . liorougli Herman rcpreM-..... > ... ... Mi nir
" Khun was intensely the man < , f M |« < " ' . . "" " {\ w \ x lie incorporated all their in , ;! incl .-i , aM their """ '' , | 1 ( yM ' asp ii-atioiiH ; be embodied the people * <> '' "" , , _ ,, ( , r ri l »» H promised when Napoleon Imil to he •• i' '" ' , ' , .,. o ;) i | v irmnlod ; and he wan the vo . ee ( . 1 < h <> 1 " ' (> I " ' ' -. | , | „„! wli . > n they bad their t yrant ,, in t li . 'ir P" ^ ' - ; . " / 1 ' , „ ,-have I i * i KcnorouH . lie viim 'be innn "' m ,, i () ,. s rmely tl nn to Iraimlalo and put in <«• . """ ; ,, ) , || ,, » of Hie time . All ( Jcrinany Hp oko ¦» '"'" '" . '" .. ' , y ; I "' r ut , er elfecl , that be wan sprung Ironi U »<> " (() r u lif ho was too ( Icrinan in not , briiitf Hovcro « n «» « h ' r < l w » s tho Clornmna hud conquered then- kmff * ,
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1082 THE LEADER . [ Saturday , L ——————^ i ^^———^ . »———¦— im ^ i ^^ ^ ¦
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 13, 1852, page 1082, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1960/page/6/
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