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notwithstanding the pressure for money , have rejected the project , on the ground that they could not sell the patrimony of the Church . General Gemeau is preparing to leave , and the report is current that M . de Raynoval is also recalled . Other letters state that the Pope , who is Bonapartist in his leanings , has made up his mind to go to Paris in the spring , to crown the Emperor , in spite of the opposition of the cardinals , who are more Austrian in their sympathies . After a discussion which , lasted four days , the Senate of Piedmont adopted on the 22 nd the bill for suppressing the slave trade ; and it now only remains to vote on the ensemble of the law . The bill ( says the Parlamento ) has long been a necessity . An edict issued b y Victor Emanuel , Jan . 17 , 1818 , forbade to Sardinian citizens all participation in the slave trade under pain of an exemplary punishment . A law made in 1827 forbade captains of vessels to carry slaves , unless to deliver them , and made offenders
liable to fifteen years at the galleys , and a fine of 24 , 000 livres . These were the only laws on the subject when , in 1833 , France and England signed a convention for the suppression of the trade—a treaty to which our Government adhered in the following year . But after this there was still wanting a regular measure by which should be determined the nature and punishment of offences , and also the tribunals before which , the latter should be tried . By the bill now before the Legislature the cognition of these causes will belong to the Courts of Appeal , and no longer to the Admiralty . This arrangement is wise , because it re-establishes the judicial authority in its rights . It is proposed by the Sardinian Government to transfer the chief naval station from Genoa to Spezzia , where great docks will be constructed by an English Company . The Piedmontese Government is perhaps apprehensive of the Republican element so strong at Genoa .
Public attention is turned in Piedmont at present to the case of a person named Daniel Mazzinghi , who was condemned on the 18 th instant , by the Tribunal of Appeal of Genoa , to three years' exile on an accusation of Protestant propagandism . It appears that the principal charge against him was his reading Diodati ' a translation of the Bible in company with other persons . On the following day , M . Brofferio , the leader of the Left in the Piedmontese Chamber , announced his intentiodrof addressing a question on the subject to the President of the Council , and the 25 th instant was fixed for the purpose . "We now see in the Parlamento of the 23 rd , that the Government intends to grant Dr . Mazzinghi a full pardon , on the ground that the condemnation is in accordance with old laws still in existence on matters of religion , and which arc confessedly not in accordance with the present state of things ; the Chamber having , on two occasions since 1848 , declared its intention of revising them .
On the 23 rd , at Vienna , there was a heavy fall of snowthe first this winter . The new scheme of government for Hungary has been decreed from Vienna . The pith of the new organization may be summed up in a few words . Hungary is henceforth to be govornod bureaucratically , and therefore absolutely ; and the newly elaborated organization which has been decided upon by the Emperor takes every particle of power away from the native populations , and gives it to the Monarch , or his Vice-Regent , the Archduke Albert , Governor of Hungary . The Austrian Government is engaged in negotiations for a concordat with tho Holy See . The Russian Minister of Finance is about to re introduce his plan for taxing railways : tho amount to be levied on tho net profits after deducting all expenses , interest , and contribution to the reserved fund .
It is positively stated that the Russian Governmont ia preparing an expedition to Japan to watch tho Yankees , while tho ostensible object is scientific . It will be more important to us to watch the Russians on these Eastern
seas . Tho Montonegrino insurrection is likely to load to serious complications . Tho intrigues and jealousies of Austria and Russia aro involved in tho struggle . Tho difficult and inaecossible nature of tho country makes all reports of tho 5 ) rogress of tho war extremely uncertain and unreliable , . t is certain that Turkey is making vory expensive und apparently disproportionate- preparations to subdue tho mountaineers . Wo subjoin some of the latest reports from tho seat of war , hh given in telegraphic news 1 ' rom Trieste . A telegraphic despatch from Triosto , dated January 21 , announced that , on tho 15 th , Omar Paul in took the fortress of Gnihovo by storm ; but that in nn attempt to take tho capital of Montenegro in tho mountains , lie wan repulsed . JFo purposed renewing the attack on the 17 th . Tho rumour that tho Han . Telluehioh had crossed tho
J . iirlush frontier , near Cultaid , with a largo force , is not confirmed . Meanwhile , a cousin of T ' rinco Daniel , of Montenegro , is oil" to Vienna find St . Petersburg to solicit aid in favour of tho MontcnogrimM . Advices from Outturn of tho JOIli state that on tho 10 th a British frigate was won anchored off tho Hojuna ; that tho captain wont on shore and had a long interview with tho Puohu of Scutari , when lie returned on board and sot sail for Corfu . Montenegro in to bo surrounded by an army of" thirty thousand Turku , who aro to attack it simultaneously on all points . Tint communes of llorzgowino which had rebelled against tho I ' orte huvo made their submission again ; tlio Orahoviunn ulono hold out yet , but as tho Montenegrins cannot como to their aid , it is expected they will soon submit .
Abilol-Kaihn- has arrived at Constantinop le on board tho French steam frigato Labrador . Ho was to havo boon received by tho Hultanon tho 10 th inst .
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DISASTROUS NEWS FROM BURMAH . The following telegraphic despatch was received in town yesterday : — . " Trieste , Jan : 27 , 1 a . m . " The steamer G , ermania has arrived , " General Godwin having imprudently stationed an advanced post of only 400 men at Pegu , 60 miles from Rangoon , and within a short distance of the main body of the Burmese army , the Burmese commander immediately attacked it , cut off its communications with Rangoon , seized an ammunition convoy , invested the place , harassing the little garrison day and night , and cut off the approaches from Rangoon .
" A naval force , 150 marines , 300 European soldiers , and a steamer , attempted to force the passage , to relieve Pegu , and were driven back with loss . " Two columns of 2 , 400 men left Rangoon , encountered the Burmese , defeated them with great loss , and succeeded in reaching Pegu . "
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LORD DRUMLANRIG AND " W . B . " An exchange of hostile letters has taken place between Major William Beresford and Lord Dramlanrig , arising out of expressions used . by the latter at the late Dumfriesshire election . Major Beresford opened the correspondence , on the 15 th instant , by charging Lord Drumlanrig with making " a personal and an unfounded attack on me , in language most uncourteous , and at a moment most inappropriate / ' Lord Drumlanrig , he continues , was bound to have ascertained " whether , either now or for some time past , I have had any hand in conducting the election business of * the party to which I belong , " before he insinuated or asserted such , an unfounded calumny . "
" Except for three days , during the absence of Mr . Forbes Mackenzie and Colonel Forester from London , in July last , I have not interfered in such election matters since I accepted the office of Secretary at War , in February last . Such fact was proved in evidence before the Derby committee , and therefore you were bound to have known it . " And he calls on Lord Drumlanrig to state why he coupled the name of Major Beresford with the intended opposition to his lordship .
Lord Drumlanrig replied on the 16 th . He did not know what expressions Major Beresford specifically alluded to ; but if he meant the speech delivered at Dumfries on the 5 th instant , Lord Drumlanri g felt " bound to apologize for having said ' the Carlton Club was a place where Tory elections were managed under Major Beresford / I ought to have said the Carlton Club was a place where Tory elections used to be managed by Major Beresford . I had overlooked the fact that , except for three days in July last , when Mr . Mackenzie and Colonel Forester were absent from London , you had not interfered in election matters since you accepted office in February last . I offer every apology for this inadvertence . " But should this explanation not apply to tho remarks challenged by Major Beresford , Lord Druinlanrig held himself ready to explein further .
" In tho meantime , allow mo to say , that having been purposely most cautious , I never insinuated that either you or any other particular individual was concerned with any meditated opposition to my ro-election in Dumfriesshire . I confined myself to two simple statements—to two remarkable but mysterious facts . Tho first was , that I heard of this opposition to my re-election in tho Carlton Club throo days boforo any one had heard of it in this county . Tho second statement was , that I know n member of tho club had made several communications into Dumfriesshire for n good and safe Derbyito to oppose tho . These fucts 1 stated openly and frequently , and I entreated my constituents to ponder them over , and to reflect whol . hor it was not just possible that their independence might bo in danger of being cmnpromiscd in a very different
manner from what others were anxious to make them , which was tho case . I never mentioned or thought ot your namo in connexion with my immediate re-election for Dumfriesshire , but jiu explaining to tho uninitiated what tho moaning of interference by tint Carllon Club was in its general smiso , 1 certainly did on more occasions than ono make use of your namo ; and , b y your own admission , it appears 1 was only incorrect in my ( lutes . " 1 again tender ( tvery apology for this inadvertence ; but , after all , in speaking of matters of history , ono gertorally is understood to . apeak of tho past , ; still 1 am hound to say I ought to hnvo said ' uso < l to ho managed . ' 1 distinctly deny that I ovor coupled your name with any meditated opposition to mo in Dumfriesshire . 1 hud no right ; whatever to do so , and I did not , , lo it . "
Major Hcrcsford , writing on the 18 th , was " hound to accept the apology" for inadvertence . "At tho sumo lime , I must beg to point out to your lordship , that if I havo no hand in managing such election mutters ; it is a most unintelligible lino of argument , whon you aro speak ing of an opposition to your ro-ulootiop , to drag in my namo apropou do batten ; and , unless I am in some way concerned in that opposition , I couaidor it ftluo an impertinent uct . "
Lord Drumlanrig complained , on the 20 th , that the expressions complained of were not pointed out ; if they were , he would have no objection citlver to explain or retract them . " In the meanwhile , I cannot allow you to conclude this correspondence , and to use the words . ' impertinent act , ' without saying that I am quite prepared either to explain or to answer for any act which you may consider impertinent . " Major Beresford replied on the 22 nd . After recounting the steps of the correspondence , he says , —
" I am glad to see by your letter just received that you repeat your willingness to retract or explain any expressions that I have a right to complain of , and that you will be prepared to answer for any act which I may consider impertinent . I am quite willing to give your lordship credit for the sincerity of your first declaration , and I hope that you will not deem me intentionally wanting in courtesy if I say that it seems that from some peculiarity you are not always aware when you are using offensive terms towards individuals who are totally unconnected with the matter on which you are speaking . \ " I rejoice to be assured of the straightforward readiness which you avow in your second declaration of offering satisfaction in case you should be betrayed by chance into the use of offensive expressions .
" I sincerely hope that this correspondence may now be closed , and that I may not be called upon to renew it by a fresh aggression such as I have distinctly , I trust , pointed out . " What further steps may have been taken , does not appear .
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THE UNIVERSITY ELECTION . The following circular , which requires no comment , is in circulation at Oxford : —
"EXECTIONS FOE THE UnTVEBSITIES . "It is to be hoped that the authorities of both Universities will speedily take steps to effect a change in the present mode of electing burgesses . Certainly we in Oxford have been taught by our contests in 1847 , 1852 , and 1853 , what inconvenience the existing law entails upon us . " The following changes , or something like them , would surely be desirable : — " 1 . The polling should be limited to four days , or even to two , power being given to have as many polling-places as may seem necessary . Both in 1847 and in 1852 , the election was virtually decided in two days , and that with only one place for receiving votes . " 2 . The Vice-Chancellor should not "bo bound , as now , to fix the beginning of the election within eight days from the receipt of tho writ .
" 3 . There should be a day for the nomination of candidates , and then an interval of some days before the * polling , bo that the electors throughout England may know for whom they have to vote ; and these two intervals , before and after the nomination , should be so arranged that the Vice-Chancellor might always be able to take the middle days in a week for the voting , and also , in the case of a general election , to avoid tho days of polling for English counties . " These three changes alone would bo a groat benefit , and would be in close accordance with modes of election now used in England . But
" 4 . Why should not members of tho Universities be enabled to give their votes in writing , without the trouble of a journey ? Their signatures , in a set form , stating name , college , and degree , attested , perhaps , by a magistrate or some credible witness , might he publicly read beforo tho Vice-Chnneellor , and recorded , as now , in the poll-book , tho papers themselves also being filed . And if each polling-paper wero made to bear a 5 s . atump , tho Exchequer would gain sorno hundreds of pounds at every contest , whilo the voters themselves would bo saved a vast amount of cxponsa arid trouble . Many more * votes would then bo given , and the senso of tho electors would bo moro fully find fairly expressed . " One wlio has been a " 'WittTJiK int run Poll . '" "Oxford , . January 21 , 1 K 5 U . "
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NATIONAL DKFENCKS . A MKTMBIOR of tho Metropolitan Uille ( Mill ) , replying to a correspondent of the Daily . Nnw . s ; states " that the club is still in active existence , hut that , unfortunately , its growth and activity in co-operation with other cluliH was grcsitly—indeed , almost totally—checked by tho refusal of the Derby ( Jovernnient to . sanction its formation into a rifle corps . If is true that under the same ( iovcrnincnt wo obtained permission to practice , as u clul ) , on tho Woolwich Artillery Practice-grounds , hut this indirect encouragement was not enough to counteract the chilling ( 'fleet of it prior refusal .
" The amount , of assistance refused by the Derby ( jovcriunciif . in the beginning of last yojir may he estimated by the fact lhat , in u single fortnight ) sixteen embryo country clubs voluntarily put themselves in communication \ vith us . Our own numbers wero rapidly approaching u thousand , which was to havo been the limit of the Metropolitan Clul ) . Of course all , or most of the minor clubs , have died out since then , and our own number of nctive members has nadly I ' ullcn away . 1 saw enough , however , of the npirit , which wuu manifested in the beginning of 1851 , to feel certain that a word of ( iovernnient encouragement would cull into existence tens of thousands of volunteer riflemen from all parts of tho country , ready lor nutionul defence /'
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January 29 , 1853 . ] . THE LEADER . * 161
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Wo guvo circulation a I ' ow days sinco to a rumour vory i > rovalont in Paris , that , tho Due do Buusano hud heon argoly onyugod in certain spoliations of a huzurdoiiH character . Wo havo uuthority for stutinij that thoro is no truth whutovcr in tho report , tho Duko peiug ono of tho
few who in the present mania for speculation m France has abstained entirely from any undertakings which partake of that character . — Times .
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 29, 1853, page 101, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1971/page/5/
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