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the case i 3 serious , and the situation perilous . Let me add my own impression on the subject . It appears to me that Austria , in concert with Russia , has seized the occasion to put out a feeler to France , to ascertain her dispositions or hesitations about going to war . I cannot , but acknowledge that Bonaparte has hesitated ; that instead of replying to the shuffling proposals of Austria by a menace of war , he has prevaricated and backed out , and sought to gain time for equivocations ad libitum . He is now tried , and found wanting ; and the three Northern Powers know what to make of
him , and how to treat him . He don ' t feel himself strong enough to go to war with " his own" people on his back , and what is more , he don't feel the genius to cdrry on a war . For while this man remained an " immense Unknown , " who was to say but that under that dull and heavy mask a military genius might lurk unrecognised—in short , a man of conquest ? But the shilly-shally ings of the past week have dissipated all apprehensions- of this kind . War with France will appear to the Northern Powers like war with France under Louis XV ., and I confess they won't be far ¦ wrong in thinking so .
At home there is little stirring . The Council of State has discussed the Budget , and has subjected it to some rather serious reductions . The Master had spoken the word—he bad said , " I will that the Budget be in equilibrium , " and the Council of State at once laid the axe to all the items proposed by all the Ministers . Unfortunately , they only prune where they ought to cut down . It is said , however , that the expenditure will sulFer a reduction of forty millions of francs ( 1 , 600 , OOOZ . ) . Nearly all the Ministers will lose something from their total credits . The Ministries most affected are , 1 . The Ministry of War ; 2 . Public
Works , —the latter reduced to the extent of sixteen millions of francs ( 640 , 000 / . ); 3 . The Ministry of the Interior , reduced in its ensemble by nearly three millions of francs ( 120 , 000 / . ) . This last reduction applies principally to the credits of agriculture and commerce . In the Legislative Corps there has been nothing of new interest , with the exception of the single incident of Ivl . Bouhier d'Eclusc , the Legitimist deputy , on the occasion of the new oath to bo taken , winch he acain refused . The President of the Corps having
demanded of M . Bouhicr whether he was ready to take the oaths , that deputy replied that he did not consider himself obliged to take the oaths twice ; and he demanded that bis second letter , in which he explained , and x > rotestetl , and asserted what be believed to be bis rights in the matter , should be read before the Chamber . M . Billnult sharply interrupted him by ringing bis bell , affirming that any deputy who refused to take the oaths had no right to speak in the Chamber . M . Bouhicr then left the Salle , saying that ho was determined not to take the oath required of him .
On Sunday , the Empress held n second Grand Drawing Room at the Tuileries . On this occasion , the members of the Court of Cassation , the Cour des Comples , and the Tribunal of First Instance of Paris , were presented . Instead of the persons presented being passed in review by the . Empress , they had to defile in procession before her . The Empress was standing on the lh \ st step of the . throne , with Bonaparte by her side . The Master of the ceremonies in wailing pronounced the name of each functionary as they moved on . Ah they passed before the Empress they made : i bow , and nil was over .
The ordinary days at the Tuilerios , when there is no reception , puss oil" monotonously enough . The Empress works embroidery , or needlework part of the evening . About ten o ' clock Hoiuipui'te plays at vinr / f , el tin with the ladies aiubjenfleinen of the court , and siller afew / ow / w dehanqnier , retires with the Kinpress . lie continues to display tin ; warmest , proofs of attachment , to bis bride . All that she . asks she obtains : except in mutters oi public policy , then ) he is impregnable . Von know that she met , wit . li a iirsl , repulse with regard to the property of the Orleans family . L-. ilely she returned to the charge , entreating the recall of the exiled Generals . Bonaparte shook his head , and begged her not lo repent mich applications .
The , . Emperor , however , . seems disposed to break with Homo of tho equivocal company by whom he was surrounded before bis marriage . A cousin of hi * , the Countchh of Sohnes , ( laughter of a countryman oi yours , Mr . \ Vy : ; e , and of the Princess Lief if ia Hohaparto , daughter of * Li : cieii , ban jusf , been expelled from France , for having indiscreetly lulked of her rehitionhViu to Bonaparte . She wax taken oil" from her hou . se ami conducted to the frontier l > y tho gendurmevi © on tho pretext of her being a foreigner . In vain she appealed to the law courts ngainst this iniquitous treatment ; . The judges , afraid to condemn the odious uctn of tirbitrury power committed by our government , rejected her nppuul . Not even her own family have
ventured to protest against the unworthy treatment suffered by their relative , by one whose society they had frequented , and whom they Lad been in the habit of receiving at their houses . Bonaparte has closed their mouths by distributing among them a million of the Civil List : each of the males receiving 100 , 000 f . a-year , and each of the females 50 , 000 f . The daughters of Lucien , however , receive only 25 , 000 f . annuity . Madame de Solmes ' s mother belongs to this branch . This scandal has been much talked of at Paris .
The correspondents of the foreign journals were finally released last Thursday . The cause of their prolonged detention \? now known . The police were unwilling to release them , save on the condition of their promising never to speak of Bonaparte again in disparaging terms . To these conditions not one of them consented . It was at first hoped that the ennui of a long imprisonment would extort a promise from them to that effect : but whnn it was found that their firmness was .
unrelaxing , it was thought better to set them at liberty . I don't at all feel certain , however , that some of them may not have been prevailed upon by the presence of the police to recant their hostility , and to worship the very man they thought detestable a few days ago . Thursday was the anniversary of the Revolution of February . Last year the people , under the incubus of the terror that then prevailed in consequence of the numerous transportations to Algeria and Cayenne , betrayed no sign of existence . Not so tlii 3 year . In a great number of ateliers , the workmen made a holiday of it , and took up their quarters in the wine-shops , as they do on Sundays and other fete days . The Bonapartist iournals themselves announced that the atelier
of Derosne et Call had st ruck work , and that six working men had been- arrested for exciting others to do so . As no article of law authorized such an arrest , these five working-men were released . The same journals were good enough to inform us at the same time that several other arrests had been made in divers bouses of the bar rib-re , where a certain number of working-men were met together to sing democratic songs . The government appears to have taken alarm . As early as . ten o ' clock in the morning , reports of the desertion of nearly ail the ateliers had reached tho TuiTeries , and Bonaparte immediately despatched troops to the Place de la Bastille to prevent crowns being deposited at the foot of the column of Liberty !
Since that day , Bonaparte seems to make more of the National Guard than ho did before . Orders have been given to deliver to the National Guard the ports of the Mairics of the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , 9 th , and 10 th ctrrondissements . The ports of tho JMairics of the operatives' quarters are , you see , alone excepted from the measure . This looks like the prevision of a conflict , and a * , in case of a conflict , Bonaparte would be glad to see the bourgeois National Guard in the ranks of the army , to fire on the people .
The regime continues unchanged : strong with the weak , feeble with the strong . Bonaparte yields more and more to the priests in proportion as they become more and more exacting . lie has ( through his tribunals ) recently sentenced to imprisonment , for sacrilege , a young man of 17 , who had taken the liberty to receive the sacrament without being " confessed . " Ho is tiaid to bo equally ready to suppress civil marriage at the Pope ' s suggestion , or at least to subordinate it to
the religious ceremony , which would thus become again tho essential and principal act , whereas it is now a mere formality , which any man may dispense with at pleasure . This is , 1 urn told , one of the main conditions upon which the Pope consents to visit Franco for tho Coronation ; mul you may hnagino Bonaparte , is more than half disposed to accept whatever conditions nmy be imposed , though they should involve a fundamental subversion of the national guarantees . S .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . It had been recently remarked that , the French press was beginning to recover nomo of its old vigour mid vivacity . Tho Government him now taken tlie alarm . The yisstunhUw . Nationale . lms received u " first warning , " for having published an article in which it attacks tho principle of u national right upon which rests flio Imperial Government . Tho 1 ' ressc i \ m \ the Mode have also been " warned . " The article of tho Assemblta Nuiionidr , signed by tho " Secretaire do la Wuhtefion , " is generall y attributed tq M . Guizol . It , is a reply to a series of violent , onslaughts upon tho Legitimist monarchy of Franco , by M . Granier de Oa ^ ugnao , in tho , Uonstiti ' itioiuiel , in which tho houno of Mourbou is stigmatized an anti-national . 'VAu ^ AmwinhttUi Natioiialo nerves up Uio ICmperoivNapolwHi in n style , it must , be ooiifoHncd , to which French journalism bus been now long unaccustomed .
The olleneo of tho . I ' rcsxci is , a tierics of articles , by M . Emilo de Girurdin , on tho causes of the full of tho Confitittitiorinl monarchy , and ( ho failure of tho Republic , in which a form of government , based on universal miffi-ago , but fur moro simple anil lnanagi'ablo than Iho . Honapartial . clomocral . it : autocracy , is unposted to tho roadors of M . do liirardin ' a lucubrations . Tho oftonco in tko W 0 of tuc
Government is , therefore , tho suggesting indirectly a form of government other than that established . Tho Mode is warned for a Legitimist letter of M . d'Arlincourt . It is now bolieved that the Popo has consented to como to France , in May , and that the Chateau do Compiegno is to be prepared for his reception . The Moniteur of yesterday contains a series of denials , as credible as such denials usually are . Among them we find the report that Turkey liad solicited the mediation of France ; that France had treated on the question of tho Holy Sepulchres at St . Petersburg ; that Louis Napoleon Lad addressed an autograph letter to his " brother" of Austria on his escape from the knife . The French Ambassador has obtained from the Ottoman . Porte an indemnity for the holders of the coupons of the loan . The sum is not fixed , but the principle is decided on .
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The Treaty of Commerce between Prussia and Austria , which was signed by the plenipotentiaries on both sides on tho 19 th instant , was ratified by the Emperor on tho 21 st . It is expressly stated that the convention , which i » for twelve years , is to be considered the precursor of somo future Austro-German Customs' Union . Tho Vienna Customs' Conferences have ceased , the representatives of the coalition States having approved the treaty , and pledged themselves not to oppose the re-formation of the Zollverein on . the basis of the convention concluded between Prussia and Hanover , last September . In 1860 , commissioners , appointed by the two powers , axe to make such modifications as may appear advisable . The following is a brief abstract of the contents of this important commercial treaty , given by the correspondent of the Times : —
" It contains a treaty of commerce and of navigation , and international regulations for the coined currency of both . States , as well as a mutual tariff . A variety of articles , such as raw materials , materials used in manufactures , wood and wood wares , glass , metals , coals , farinaceous products , unsized paper , works of literature and art , cattle , wool , earthenware glazed and unglazed , &c , will bo imported into either State reciprocally , duty free . Others , such as cotton twist , pig iron , bar iron , -wrought iron , sheet iron , and iron wire , hardware ordinary and
fine , sewing and knitting noodles , linen yarn , sized paper ,, cotton , linen , ivoollen , and silk goods , are put on a very reel uced scale of duty . The treaty is to como into force ou the 1 st of January , 185-1 , for the term of twelve years ; but , immediately after its commencement , Commissioners are to be appointed , who shall inquire into tlio" possibility of increasing the facilities of intercourse by the further reduction or total repeal of duties , the object being to prepare the way for n perfect unity of Customs even previous to the expiration of the present treaty .
" The right of becoming parties to this treaty is reserved by Prussia for all the German States that may be members of the Zollverein on January 1 , 1854 , or subsequently may become so . On the side of Austria , the same right ia reserved for her Italian territories . " Seldom has so comprehensive a treaty been concluded between any two powers aa this between Austria and Prussia , not only affecting import , export , and transit duties , but also internal and coast navigation , railroad tratlic , douane at the frontiers , and reciprocal protection to tho subjects of both crowns at tho hands of the consuls of either Power ; even a common coinago andidentical weights and measures bslong now to tho number of possibly attainablo acquisitions .
" After tbo lapse of thia year tho whole centre of tho continent b £ Europe will be united in ono solidaritS of commercial and fiscal regulations , if not of interests : from the plains of Lombardy on the south to tho coasts of tho Baltic and tlio North Sea , with tho solitary exception of Mecklenburg , there will bo practically ono Customa Union . "
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Tlio latest accounts from Vienna speak of tho Emperor as feeling considerable " alleviation' of tho olfocts of hia wound . JTo beard mass in tlio Palace on tho ovoning of Iho 1 st inst . But it is evident , not bo much from tho accounts that are published , as from tho reserve of tlio bulletins , that tho lifo of tho Emperor has been , perhaps ia atill in serious danger . Tho Times correspondent writing on tho 24 th ulfc , says : — ' ¦ Thero are still somo alarming ; Bymptomn withhold from tho public . Tho power of vision was greatly disturbed in tho evening of tho 122 nd . Sometimes objects nppearctl double , at others they were but half-scon " . Kveiv now continual scintillations but too
plainly show that there is great congestion of blood on tho brain . Your jnodical readers will not bo surprised to learn ( hat tho patient complains of pain and heaviness in that part , of tho head which is opposite , lo the «]> ofc wlicro tlio blow was given . In a former letter it was said that tho wound was believed to bo behind tho ear ; bur , it appears that it in on the occiput , not far fiom what in known to the medical world as tho cuneiform or wodgo-liko proconn . As this is but thesovonth day Mince the misfortune happened , and the- congestion can hardly have attained its full height , tho physicians arc unable ' , or unwilling , to give any prognosis .
JVleiuiwhilo Lobenyi , the assassin , has been executed , seven days after Iho attempt . Ho was twice ( logged , an prisoners are , ( logged in Austria , and prevented from sleeping night or day , in the interval between his arrest and his execution , with tho hope of extorting from him , through hourly oxfuninations , somo confession of a conspiracy , hut hn persevered to the last , in declaring himself " ( juit . e olono . " His trial was conducted in secret . Th <» judicial report , sets forth that he was twonly-ono Years oi * ago , a native of Hungary , a ( ! alholio , and unmarried : thotifc was untrue thiil , his father tiuilcrod at tho hands of tho Govornine , iiI , in tlio Into war . Tho kniio with which tho blow meant' to bo fatal was struck vwis bought in a shop at Vienna two months ago , and afterwards ground on th <» back ns far an lour or h'vo inches abovo tho ]) oinfc , bo as to givo it two ciltjcH . It waa ton inchoa long , and near tho
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222 THE LEADE R . [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), March 5, 1853, page 222, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1976/page/6/
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