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from all parts of England show an unhealthy state of the population , traceable to the high price of food , to bad drainage , and the careless habits of the poor . In the latter half of last year , 133 persons were killed by railWay accidents , and 387 were injured . The number of passengers was 49 , 886 , 124 . The increase of mileage in the half-year was 260 , making 7 , 336 miles open . " [ Railway Amalgamation" was' talked of at a special meeting oi the London and ] S " orth Western Company on Saturday . The chairman ( Major-General Anson ) warmly approved of amalgamation ; railway companies should be
" protected" against invasion in their districts , and in re * turn the Board of Trade should have the power of controlling the tolls when the profits afforded 7 £ per cent , dividend , and should have a general right of supervision over accounts and management . Some statistics of the Xondon and North Western detailed at this meeting are interesting . The capital invested in the railway amounts to 3 O , OOO , 00 OZ ., and 3 , 000 , 000 ? . for the construction of branch lines is about being raised . The traffic now amounts to 2 , 662 , OO 0 Z . yearly . The average cost of the branch lines already made by the company were 21 , 800 Z . per mile !
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Kensington is to have a new burial ground . Eight acres of land have been purchased for 3501 . an acre , and the cost is to be repaid by a burial rate . The pauperism of Ireland has decreased by 28 , 662 during the last ; year . Puring last month 27 , 000 emigrants left Liverpool for Australia and America . Most of those were Irish , Germans , and Dutch . The latest news from Australia tells us that the general
yield of gold is on the increase . Eureka and Bendigo diggings were being deserted : and the newer fields of Creswick ' s Creek and the Ovens were producing large quantities . The commercial accounts are satisfactory ; the prices of provisions and the wages of labourers had fallen to reasonable rates . The discovery of gold in Texas is reported . " Large amounts had been already collected , and the utmost excitement prevailed . " So says the telegraph from New Orleans ^ but " there are a sharks" in that quarter , and a rise in the price of land for sale would be no slight boon to some Texan speculators .
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Two women and one man ( the Stackpooles , convicted of murder ) were hanged at Ennis on Friday . During the last twenty-two yeaxs , forty-sux persons have been executed in that town . David Miller , one of the sailors of the Highland Mary , from Demerara to Liverpool , was on the night watch with David Marr , a shipmate . In the morning he told the captain that he had struck Marr with a piece of wood , and had , he believed , killed him . The captain found in the forecastle the dead body of Marr , and against it a heavy billet stained with blood . Miller has been committed for
trial at Liverpool . The " dog-negotiators , " Taylors , father and son , whose arrest and remand we recorded last week , have been finally examined . Mr . Edmund Harding , son of Sir Charles Harding , lost his dog , an Isle of Skye terrier . He received a private intimation which induced him to go to a house in Edgeware-road ; there he saw the elder Taylor , who began a cautious negotiation for the restoration of the dog , referring mysteriously to a " party" who had the animal . Mr . Harding offered thirty shillings for the restoration ; Taylor higgled and delayed ; but at length agreed to take two guineas . After more delays , partly accidental , Taylor obtained the two guineas , promising to bring the dog " in the evening" but ho did not bring it . It came out that he was formerly convicted of like diplomatic practices regarding "lost" dogs . He was committed for trial . The present prosecution was instigated by tho " Society for the Prosecution of Dog Stealers . "
The late frauds on the Isle of Wight Savings Bank point the moral of tho proposed Government supervision . Yelf , the actuary , now committed for trial , has been for eleven years defrauding the bank , 800 OZ . being tho amount of his embezzlement . The story of one of the sufferers is singular . He is a poor old Isle of Wight shepherd , namod Coss , now about seventy years of ago , and hos all his lifetime been economical . In early life he struggled hard , and saved , after many years exortion , 200 Z . This he lost through the failure hands it laced renewed
of the person in whoso was p . By efforts he scraped together about 100 Z ., and placed it in a private bank in the Isle of Wight . The banker broke , and tho poor shepherd lost all again . Ho onco moro saved and deposited in the Newport Savings Bank , and tho poor old man ( through tho lato fraud ) is again a loser . Tho London polico have boon making seizures of several false weights and measures , the usora of which have been finnd .
A butcher lad picked up in Nowgato-stroot a purso containing 10 J ., and brought it to Sir Peter Laurio , who gave him public praise for his honosty . Tho owner is not yot found . Six mon and three boys havo boon killed by a colliory explosion at Old Park colliory , near Dudley . Ilolmfirth Booms an unlucky placo . Last yoar it was flooded ; it has now suffered novorely from a terrible firo . Tho fire , behoved accidental , broke out in Lockwood's factory ; no livos wero lost , but property worth 12 , 000 / . has been destroyed . Tho building was a very fine one , and its now " charred and blackened walls" painfully contrast with tho recollection of its grand proportions .
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BIRTHS , MARRIAGES , AND DEATHS . BIRTHS . On the 26 th of April , the wife of Joseph Hume Burnley , Esq ., of Her Majesty ' s [ Legation at Lisbon : a daughter . On the 27 th , at 18 , Wilton-place , the Hon . Mrs . Kalph Dutton : a daughter . * On the 27 th , at Loehnaw Castle , N . B ., the Lady Louisa Agnew : a daughter . On the 28 th , at No . 26 , Eaton-square , the wife of Sir Henry St . John Mildmay , Bart .: a son . On the 28 J : h , at Stafford House , St . James's , Lady Constance Qrosvenor : a son . On the 30 th , at Ruddineton Manor , Notts , the wife of Sir Thomas Parkyns , Bart .: of twins—a son and a daughter . On the 1 st of May , at 66 , "Westbourne-terrace , Hyde-park , Lady Walker : a son . On the 1 st , at 6 , Great Cumberland-place , Hyde-park , the wife of the Hon . H . Brand : a son . On the 1 st , at Edinburgh , the wife of C . G . DuPre . Esq ., M . P . ; a daughter . On the 2 nd , in South-street , the wife of the Bight Hon . Edward Strutt , M . P .: a daughter . MABRIAOES . On the 8 th of March , at Boolundshur , Allan , third son of Joseph Hume , Esq ., M . P ., to Mary Anne , second daughter of the fate R . F . Qrindall , Esq ., C . S ., and granddaughter of Admiral Sir R . Grindall , K . C . B . On the 13 th of April , at Taney Church , Dublin , Captain George Harrington Hawes , Ninth Regiment , to the Hon . Cecilia PriacUla Yelverton , daughter of Vi » eount Avonmore . On the 23 rd , at the British Legation , Florence , Theodore Howard , eldest son of J . Howard Galton , Esq ., of Hadzor , Worcestershire , to Frances Amelia , fourth daughter of the Right Hon . Sir George Arthur , Bart . On the 26 th , at Kempsey , near Worcester , Captain Skipwith , R . N ., fourth son of the late Sir Gray Skipwith , Bart ., of Newbold-hall , Warwickshire , to Louisa Maria , second daughter of Richard Temple , Esq ., of the Nash , near Worcester .
On the 28 th , at Edensor , Derbyshire , G . H . Stokes , Esq ., to Emily , eldest daughter of Sir Joseph Paxton , of Chatsworth . On the 30 th , at St . Mary ' s Church , Castletown , Joseph Thomas , Esq ., to Margaret Annie , second daughter of John Kelly , Esq ., and High Bailiff of Castletown , in the Isle of Man . On the 30 th , at Hersham Church , Thomas Bacon Phillips , Esq ., great-grandson of the late celebrated John Bacon , Esq ., sculptor , to Caroline Emma , youngest daughter of the late Charles Ammershuber , Esq ., of Heywood-lodge , Surrey . On the 3 rd , at St . Andrew's Church , Plymouth , Thomas Francis Rolt , Esq ., lato of tho Coldstroaia Guards , second and youngest son of Major-Goneral Sir John Rolt , K . C . and K . C . B ., of Great Cumberland-place , Hyde-park , to Mary Charlotte , socond daughter of Captain George Foot , Royal Artillory , of Tor-grove , near Plymouth .
DEATHS . On tho 24 th of April , at Paris , in tho seventy-third year of hor age , Sophia , widow of tho Right Hon . George Evamt , M . P ., of Portrane , county of Dublin . On tho 24 th , aged sixty-eight , at hiH residence , York-street , City-road , after a lingering illness , Benjamin Capper , Esq ., barriHter-at-law , and ex-Attornoy-General at Tobago . On tho 25 th , Thomas Dax , Esq ., Senior Master of tho Court of Exchequer . On tho 26 th , at Newington-lodge , Edinburgh , aged sovontysevon Thomas Oliver , Esq ., lato of tho firm of Oliver and Boyd . On tho 20 th , Kmily , wile of Mr . Mitchell , Old Bond-street , acred thirty-eight . _ _ _ „ . .
On tho 30 th , at his residence , Camden-groyo , Kensington , James R oe , Esq ., a magistrate , and doputy-lioutenant of the county of Middlesox , in his sixty-third year . On tho 30 th , at tlio Deanery , Peterborough , of disease ot the heart the Very Kev . Georgo liutlor , D . t ) Dean of Peterborough , formerly hood-muster of Harrow School . Oil the 30 th , Juliana Lucy Sarah , tho wilt ) of Henry Dalton Wittit Lyon , Kflq ., K (» V » 1 Scots GroyH , and youngoHt daughter of the Right Hon . Lord John SoinorHot . On the 2 nd ofMny , at Theydon Boih , Essex , agedsirty-seven , Diana wife of the Kev . Georgo Ilamhlnton , and eldoHtdiuightor of tho ' lato Hir Thomas Whiohcoto , Hart ., of Aswurby . purk , Ijin < oliishire ¦
; . _ .... ... „ ... On tho 'in \ in Upper Brook-Htrnot , UoIhiooh , relict of tho lato Contain Robert CuttH Barton , U . N ., of Borough , in the county of Con , and Water of Sir Ralph Lopes , Bart ., M . P ., «« etl sixty-two .
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A CniTiO .- —It will not bo cosy to pot a pithier description of n good critic than that which Winstnnley pivos of Matthew 1 ' urin , when shaking of bin history " Though hfl l »« l ttharn nail * , ho hud clcnu bonds . "From DAUUAfl ' fl I ' oetict .
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THE MARCH OP THE DEMOCRACY . According to Lord John Russell , the Budget is the first concession to the Democracy in that progress of recognition which he began at Perth . Lord John ' s policy is , to make the Democracy conservative , by treating the people as friends— - by conciliating the interests of all and giving no undue benefit to any class ; for he who sets himself up to check the demands of tlie Democracy , " will but incur irritation , and finally make triumphant the power against which he has to struggle . " There is a modicum of fallacy in this declaration which it will do no harm to recognize , although we do not record it as any cause for grudge against the speaker . He proposes to prevent the Democracy from triumphing by treating it as a friend . Yet why should it not triumph P If it has power , if it has intelligence , and if it deserves to be treated as a friend is treated , why hinder its approaching victory P To prepare that triumph , indeed , without injury to others , or ill-will , or malicious exultation , may be true statesmanship ; and conceding to Lord John better motives than he avows himself ,
we are inclined to accept his policy in spite of his somewhat equivocal words , as preparing for that unmalignant triumph . The Budget , then , is the concession towards this recognized power of the Democracy . It is fitting , perhaps , that the first concession should be of a physical kind , since the sensible power of the Democracy is also first felt in a physical form . Lord John , might have gone further , even in this first Budget , if his recognition had been more hearty . The Income-tax , for instance , might have extended to all incomes ; with that exemption of 50 Z . to be struck off every income , that
would have saved pressure upon mere penury , and would have removed the lack of equity m putting the tax of about two per cent , on the income of 1001 ., and no tax at all on the income a few shillings lower . It would be necessary , indeed , to accompany the Income-tax by an extension of the franchise , about which there would have been no difficulty . Still it is something to see the Democracy recognized in the framing of the Ministerial measures ; and the Budget , we say , was a point of commencement with the actual development of the democratic power at the moment .
For it is in tho money department that tho growing strength of tho Democracy is felt . Tho general demand for a rise of wages , generally conceded by tho masters , is tho first immediate effect of that power . What with emigration and rising trade , tho working man is of moro value than he used to be ; and the first consequence ie , to make him put a higher price upon himself . He does so ; and the masters admit his own appraisement—they give him tho price . As bankruptcies arc superseded" sometimes , in tho commercjid of
world , by tho prompt payment in full all the bankrupt ' s debt ; so in the labour market , strikes havo been superseded in innumerable instances by tho immediate concession of the demands which would have led to tho strike . It may bo said , almost without a metaphor , that at the present moment all England it a strike " auporaoded " by tho concession of tho masters . Masters sometimes tell tho men strikes aro of no uhg . Why , it was tho power of strike , the latent dread o € that resort , which has made tho masters ab the present moment give what they woro bound to
. But already tho mon are obtaining moro than wages . In many cases , the duration of hours liafl como into question , and tho masters aro giving up tho point , where the men jierscvoro in it . In other cases , there aro certain , points of personal comfort which aro aitondqdv to . TJ ^
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May 7 , 1853 . ] THE LEA PER . 445
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HEALTH OP LONDON DURING THE WEEK . Ix ia gratifying lo observe a decided improvement in tho public health . In tho first throo weeks of April tho deaths in London woro 1340 , 1243 , . 1182 ; in tho lout wook of tho month tho diminution is conwdcMiiblo , tho nuinbor being 1080 In tho ton corroHpondingwoolen of 1 H 43-5 U tho average attuiboc of do « tlw wftfl OW , which , if raiuod in «
cortwnproportion according to increase of population , becomes 1023 . The excess of mortality in last week , above the estimated amount , is therefore 66 , a result which is much more favourable than any these returns have yielded since the cold weather set in . In January the deaths were about 1000 weekly ; since that time they have ranged from 1200 to more than 1500 . Fatal cases arising from diseases of the respiratory organs have declined in the last two weeks from 242 to 206 ; those from zymotic diseases differ little in the general result . Scarlatina has increased , while typhus continues to decline . Phthisis rose from 139 to 152 in the two weeks . At 11 , Upper Sand-street , Woolwich , on 24 th April , the son of a wheelwright , aged five years , died of " English cholera ( two days ) . "
Last week the births of 852 boys and 770 girls , in all 1622 children , were registered in London . In the eight corresponding weeks of 1845-52 the average number was 1446 . At the Eoyal Observatory , Greenwich , the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29 * 571 in . The mean temperature was 42 * 5 degs ., which is 6 ' 7 degs . below the average of the same week in 38 years . The mean daily temperature was below the average on every day of the week except Saturday ; and on Monday , the coldest day , the depression amounted to 13 degs . The highest temperature in the week was 60 * 8 degs . on Saturday ; the lowest was 32-3 degs . on Monday . The mean difference between the dew point temperature and air temperature was 6 * 1 degs . The wind blew mostly from tho northwest at the beginning of the week , and afterwards from the east .
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There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law ot its creation in eternal progress . —Db . Abhoi / s .
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, . + SATURDAY , MAY 7 , 1853 ;
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Leader (1850-1860), May 7, 1853, page 445, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1985/page/13/
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