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CROPS AND TRADE . -SPRING AFTER WINTER . Be it peace or war , -vre are about to have a winter of high prices , and thrifty folks mil grumble at the " rise "in many things j but if dislike of taxation is a piece of vulgarity , high prices are not an unmixed evil , and certainly the coining winter possesses as yet no gloom to dis-Jhekrten us . On the contrary , if prices are likely to rise in some articles , it is so all round , with a few exception s hot in themselves disadvantageous , such as tea . Business is likely to be good , so that profits , too , may rise , and salaries and wages . And what is more , the prospect beyond the winter is sunny enough ; so that we need not anticipate Christmas absorbed in fear of' the bills . "
The sky has been cloudy , no doubt ; but if , as Lord Ashbiirtqn reports , that most grievanced and foreboding of animals , the British ' farmer , can learn to look on a dark sky with equanimity , so no- doubt can we who are Free-traders—who know J 3 omethinff about the sources of our business , of our gold—who understand the expansion of commerce—who are , in short , wise , arid strengthened by a far-seeing , and not a blind , reliance upon Divine Providence . If the sky is Overclouded , is it not by the force of those very laws that uphold the sun and the firmament ,
bid the ear of corn to grow , and endow man with the miraculous and inscrutable power of converting grass into corn or into flesh P Is it not by force of the same laws which are making the corn grow elsewhere P Assuredly . Have we , then , lost our faith in Free-trade , that at the first severe trial of it we give up our just expectations P for we must remember , that we not only expect free admission for existing products by favour ^ Ipf Free-trade , but we have calculated also that it would stimulate production abroad . The Daily News opportunely reminds us , that while Lor # Ashburton , Lord Harrowby , and many others , are actually proclaiming the im-Jtffitisli larmer
proved condition of the , our average annual import of corn has progressively risen from 1 , 900 , 000 quarters , five years back , to 4 , 5 , 0 r 6 , 000 , 000 of quarters in the last year , when the average price was 30 * . 9 d . The price is now 49 s- to 59 * . ; and are we to anticipate that a successive rfee of price—for such it has been , the price in 1851 being only 38 s . 6 d . —has not induced the growers , east and west , north and south , to prepare for us P Undoubtedly it has . The reports from our own grain districts are fall of apprehension ; but we must remember two cheering circumstances—that the English fnrmfip ia learninervto rely not solely upon wheat .
whence partly ^ id independent cheerfulness ; and that the English corn-dealer habitually exaggerates the worst contingencies at this season . From Franco , also , but a few weeks since , we had alarming reports of scarcity to come ; and the Government has now anticipated emergencies bv decree : as yet , however , it is far from being certain that the injury to the cram crops in that country is moro than partial . From G ormany we have that " news , "^ hioh , in this instance , m most certainly ; « good n <^ " _ South ern Rjb . uj it *
also has supplies , me imnguu » « . uu . muu - » «~ Emperor will permit thorn to como . And America has not only had a good season from the St . ^ awronco to tho Mississippi , but lifts unquestionably indulged moro than almost any other country in speculation * for tho expanding market of England , iven in corn , therefore , wo nood not yet lose heart of hope . , . ¦ ¦ „ If prices are rising in . tliG / corn-markoi ) they ore rising alao in other trades ; if yqtt have to pay 51 . a load for tlio hay with , which you feed your horses , is not the freight that . jyw . flaa oMMo ^ Qr your sliipp 2 Tg in tho city at a ft * figure P If tho conductor Tmv proaflnw tdta yw # ^ t-h o hay ^ Atj h W
raised the fare from three pence to four pence , is not your commission on Birmingham goods sent outwards to Australia standing at a corresponding amount P . No doubt another fear is haunting tradesmen and employers of all classes , in the continued upward pressure of wages and there is an instinctive feeling , that even in trades where the rise has not actually taken place , it is only awaiting a new opportunity to be effected , and a continued improvement appears to be as certain as any human calculation can
make it . We have the proof , at least of one kind , in the official ' Report of the Emigration Commissioners ; one of the most remarkable documents that any department has laid before thei public . The Commissioners calculate that emigration has not hitherto told very decidedly on the price of labour ; it has removed surplus labour , — -nearly 2 , 000 , 000 of the Irish people since 1841 ; it has been removing the people at the rate of 300 , 000 a-year , of 360 , 000 in the last year ; and it is continuing to remove them ; for the emigration of the first three months and a
half of 1853 exceeded that of any previous year during the same period . Our readers knew all this before ; but this report shows us that the causes of that emigration must continue . In Australia there is a vast gold field , —richer at some spots , poorer at others , —but probably 500 miles long by 100 broad ; and diggings formerly abandoned have again been worked productively , even in the neighbourhood of Sydney . That field must be filled and exhausted , before emigration to Australia can cease ; to say nothing of the claims for labour advanced bythe constantly
extending settlement and trade of Australia . In British Worth America an immense system of railways has just sprung into being . In themselves , roads have always proved to be an immediate cause for the establishment of settlements on the roads : ; and the same principle applies to railroads . The farmers are Ibesieging the emigration offices for labourers ; and Mr . Hawke , the emigration agent for Western Canada , speaks , we believe , with no exaggeration , and describes the general character of all British North hen he these extensive
America , w says : " As works will not be completed for several years , and as such a large outlay of money will stimulate every other branch of business , I do not think it will be possible to overstock the labour market for many years to come ; in fact , the prospects before us are of the jnost cheering description , and capitalists , merchants , mechanics , farm servants , and common labourers , may safely calculate on finding in Canada an abundant demand for skill , capital , and labour , to a profitable aa well as to an almost unlimited extent . "
Two data mark the future continuance of emigration to the United States , besides the striking Fact , that hundreds of thousands yearly are absorbed into the immense labour market of the Republic . The Illinois Central Railroad Company is advertising for 10 , 000 men to be employed , at a dollar a day , for three years . And the remittances of money for emigrants , sent to bring their relations after them , have swelled from 460 , 000 / . in 1848 , to 1 , 404 , 000 ? . in 1852 , with a continuanco of tho same striking subsidy sent through our Post-office during the present year . But all that has been said about emigration might , with a change of terms , be said about the productive trado of those countries .
Countries that receive emigration invariably abound in the first articles of production ; and every emigrant sent out from this country is nothing more than a commissioner sent out , with great profit to himself , to transmit back to us corn , maize , wool , tallow , gold , in steady and increasing quantities . But a community dealing in such things , and on such a scale , is also a great consuming community ; and thus , while wo havo those Tlargo subsidies in kind , from the very countries that are relieving us of anything like aurplus population , they are setting our machinery to work at homo in a trado that is constantly increasing . Wo havo only been repeating , wJr . li n n > w attestation , facts already familiar to
tho public ; but we hero havo the scale to which they are extended , and the certainty of their continuance marked out in tho moat authentjo
manner . Can there bo any doubt after this that profits and wagefl must bo sustained in England P Wo havo , indeed , no pvidenco of any such doubts ; and in the . abaonqo qf flrutonw * wq an , nofc pro
sume they will . Why , then , need we fear the rise of a few pence in the price of a four-pound loaf , or grudge the addition of a few shillings to the wages of those industrious classes , who now , by their diminished numbers , are called updn to perform a larger share of work , and to do it more effectually . In fact , the labour marked has risen in character as well as price . Agriculture is requiring the skilled qualifications that have hitherto been held peculiar to manufactures . Wages will naturally partake that change of character . It is not a concession to the
working classes ; it is simply an adjustment of our arrangements to . facts . If emigration has hitherto had but little effect , as compared with the general prosperity , in raising wages , every additional draft from the labouring classes must now begin to tell upon the quotations in the labour market , and to tell not vaguely , but with great precision and manifest effect . A labouring class well-to-do , however , must be in many respects far more economical for the community than a poor labouring class—less costly to keep in order—less exacting in poor rates—more remunerative , both in the form of labour and in .
the form of swelling the home consumption . This , also , is only a repetition of known facts j but we now see that they are facts which must continue with the continuance and development of their causes . If our police , as public servants , are justly demanding better Salary to meet rising prices , and a rising scale of comfort and appearances in their own class , that also is a necessary adjustment , but it is one that in our enlarged abundance we need not grudge . In short , there . is plenty for us all ; and if some few articles grow a little dearer for a season , we can afford to pay for them , and yet not need to stint our neighbour .
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THE MORAL OF TORY TRIUMPHS AT LIVERPOOL . What we said , when the Liberal petition against a Tory return for Liverpool was in progress before a Parliamentary Committee , as to the utter incompetency of the petitioners to follow up their probable technical victory by the actual gain of the two seats , has been fully and rather ludicrously illustrated by the subsequent election which took place on the 9 th . The Liberals unseated on petition Mr . Forbes Mackenzie and Mr . Turner , two Tories , and , on election , have again seated two Tories , Mr . Horsfall and Mr . Liddell ; —meanwhile , the Liberals , having spent about 10 , 000 ? . on the petition , and in the election , made themselves the jest of the Tories ;—an amusing sequel of their successful indignation at the extensive system of bribing and treating prevalent on the affluent and immoral banks of the Mersey . Our Conservative , old and young Tory , contemporaries , havo of course insisted that the last return , confirming so emphatically the first , demonstrates that Conservatism is the predominant political element in the heterogeneous community of the " first port , " and the local Liberals , wo observe , mumble an explanation of their renewed defeat in the sotto voce insinuation that there's to be another petition , —no doubt again to result in a further expenditure of a Liberal 10 , 000 ^ ., and a further remplacement in Tory
representatives . But as tho matter involves a general moral , the charges are worth inquiring into . It would indoed be a singular and not encouraging sign of tho times if it could be made out that the first port in tho empire , which possesses a population of half a million , with its vast aggregate wealth pretty well diffused in that busy and energetic crowd , docs with deliberate intent prefer for its representatives worn-out heroes of rearward Dorbyism . Let us see if we cannot rescue tho first port" from some of the heavy weight of political odium for some time resting on it .
One very remarkable circumstance in oormoxion with tho last election at Liverpool is preaonted : —¦ After tho light was over , and the losing candidates woro addressing their abashed sympathisers , wo find tho Liberals boasting , with triumphant pertinacity , that they hud not made the slightest effort to win !—declarations which , wo remark , were strangely cheered b y the sympathisers . " Tho Tories had a superb organisation , " said tho too honourable Liberals ; " but wo , —no , gonMomon—thank God—wo , tli , e Whigs ;—wo had none . Wo had no canvassers , no ci * ba , no committoes , no colours , no plans , no purpose ; we trusted to tho gushing Liberalism of the enlightened , community j we wore sure wo npe < Jod
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There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is . ' nothing so unnatural and convulsive , 'as the strain to , keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law ; of its creation in eternal progress , —Db . Abvols .
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¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ : — .-9 ¦ ¦ . ¦ ' •¦ SATURDAY , JULY 23 , 1853 .
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Jfle * fc » w > -v <»« " ~ - ^ -- -.- —¦ -. — _ ' . ' — , . 1 f , im . ni |) l !! JtiJ .., J , Vl »^ wm ' i ! : " .: / J > . T *?> - ^ Tr :- """ -. ¦ . * ' _ : " ' : ' . " j ' : ;¦ ... •? . > .,.. ¦ , , > .- ;' . ' rV" \~ . i iT ;^" , ¦ ; Vi ^«^\ ' »^ ' - ^" J" > K « - ™ ' < ¦*" ¦ * ¦ - ¦ ' ¦• - ¦¦ ¦ - ^ - ¦ - .. - ¦ . -.- ! " . ¦ : - ; . ¦ _ ¦ _ , . ¦ _ Jpx y , 1853 . ] THE LE AD E R . 709
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Leader (1850-1860), July 23, 1853, page 709, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1996/page/13/
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