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Cnmmerrioi Iffara.
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NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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In consequence of tlie Repeal of the Advertisement Duty , the follouring Reduced Scaie is now chargei for Advertising in this Journal : — £ s . d . ~ Five Lines and under . . . . 0 2 6 Each additional Line . . . . . 006 Haifa Column . . . . . . 110 0 Whole Column . . . ... 2 10 0 " Leadeu" Newspaper , 7 , Wellington Street , Strand . * * Advertisements reaching this Office on FniDAY night will appear in Ail Editions .
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THE SUMMARY OF THE SESSION , BY " THE STEANGEE , " IS UNAVOIDABLY POSTPONED TILL NEXT WEEK .
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f / ULU KAFIKS . —To meet the public wishes £ _ Jl this remarkable Exhibition will be continued a few da ) 8 longer , at the St . George ' s Gallery , Hy de-park-corner , 11 «« - dilly , every Afternoon , at Half-past Three , and Evening , «<¦ Half-past Eight . , « Admission , Ono Shilling . Description Books , ( Id . cacii . « served stalls may bo obtained at Mr . Mitchell ' s , Royal Library , 33 , Old Bond-street . _____ —————"
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AZTEC LILLIPUTIANS , AT 'in * MARIONETTE THEATRE , LOWTHEK ARCAU " . Strand . Open every Day and Evening . Tho immonso crow . ^ who daily visit thoso extraordinary beings cannot gam JJ nion . Tho Guardians , in order to accommodate tho r » have altered tho hours of Exhibition aa follows : —MornmB •"' liibition , Eleven till Ono ; Afternoon , Throe till Five ; ] woui » b » Seven till Ten . ..,, llin . Admission , Is ; Rgsorved Seats , 2 s . fid . Tho incred > l ) lo n « bor of 37 , 000 persons havo seen and looked with wonclor o » AxtecH < luring tho last two weuka at tho Marionette lnoairj ____
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DK . KAIIN'S ANATOMICAL MUSBU ^ consisting of morn than 700 Models , is Now Open , 1 PORTLAND GALLERY , Rogont Street ( opposito tlu > ^ tochnic ) , every day except Friday , for Gontlemon only . Eleven till Five , mid from Sovon till Ten . On l < riUiiy » ., ovor , tho Morning Exhil > ilion for Gontlomon >*»» " ! 080 . oi o ( Jlf . o ' clock , when Ladies only will bo admitted until J ! iv <> ^ Explanations for Gontlemon by Dr . Leach , and lor i ;'" Mrs . Leach . —Admission , Ono Shilling . ^^___ ___— --
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DIFFICULT TEXTS and TEXTS M ^' UNDERSTOOD . . , aoB , o * Tho Rov . WILLIAM FOR 8 TER will dohvor , \ ° » " » , EvitNiNO , ( Aug . 21 , ) tho Sixth of a . Sortea of Twelve iJ" ^ ^^ , at tho Temporary Free Clmnliim Church , Jluww y-u ( () u , Camden-town . - Phil , ii ., 5-8 . Bnbjeot— . T « sUfl o' 1 Jj -JJl l " » orKi * form of God , and in fashion us a Man—tho Fact no JWy « - nial Condescension and a i . ruo Example . „ ... g ( iri' ' ' On Runday Evoning , Aug . 2 H , tho Bovonth ol "' , va r » l 3 * 1 * 11 . vii ., 9-11 . Bubjont—Tho Exaltation of Christ-tJ u oi of Obodionco , tho Admirution of Men ami tho Gloiinu
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jElitaSy on otheb mduoa ^ , - ; A MARRflOD GENTLEMAN who !>»« ''« 'T H « rvf Haiulhiiist , bus pasHnd a llrHt-clasrt examination , »"" . inu > I " in the Army at homo and abroad , wiuhoH 1 to r « o «« v () ( l ) T family , ONE or TWO YOUNG GENTLEMEN , t « « ul College or tho Army . , ,. „„ < OH- ^' ItofiM-onooH given und required . Apply , l » y Iot 7 . '' , i , i 0 Jlo " " ' Ehlon ChamboiH , Dovoroux Court , Temple , or How " Uroiuloy Conmjon , Kout . ;
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tinctiohs in the higher animals have been changed in the course of the vast periods which geology shows to have elapsed since the commencement of organization upon earth , although , during that inappreciable segment of the great cycle which has passed since man woke to the mysteries of nature , no single transition of the kind might have been observed . The whole case reminds us greatly of the objection which stood against the earth ' s motion from the days of Aristarchus downwards , that there ought in that case to be an observable parallax . As there was no observed parallax , because the earth ' s orbit is . an insigniiicarit space in comparison with the distance of the stars , so is our observation of animal changes insufficient to show transitions of species in the higher grades of the kingdom , because it is a mere span in comparison with the vast ages actually concerned in the phenomena . " . We close these extracts with the following : — "A human foetus is often left with one of the most important parts of its frame imperfectly developed ; the heart , for instance , goes no further than the threechambered form , so that it is the heart of a » reptile . There are even instances of this organ being left in the two-chambered or fish-form . Here we have apparently a realization of the converse of advance of grade , so far , at least , as one organ is concerned . Seeing a complete specific retrogression in one point , howeasy it . is to suppose a simply natural process , reversing the phenomenon , and making a fish mother develop a reptile heart , or a reptile mother develop a mammal one . It is no great boldness to surmise that a superadequacy of force in the measure of this under-adequacy ( and the one thing seems as natural an occurrence as the other ) would suffice in a natatorial bird to give it as a progeny the ornithorhynchus , or
mio-ht give the progeny of an ornithorhynchus the mouth and feet of a ti-ue mam . lnalian / and thus complete at two stages a passage from one class to another . " Perhaps , with the bulk of men , even those devoted to science , the great diffi . culty is , after all , in conceiving the particulars of such a process as would be re * quired to advance a fish into a reptile . And yet no difficulty could well be lej substantial , seeing that the metamorphosis of the tadpole into the frog—a plie . noinenqn-presentedtoour observation in countless instances eyery spring—i j u part at least , as thoroughly a transmutation of the fish organization into the rep . tile , as the supposable change of sauroid fishes into saurian reptiles could ever be . It is different , as being only a process in ordinary generation ; but it realizes , far as the necessary organic changes are concerned , the hypothetic view of an advance of one grade of animal forms into another . There is another fact connected with the reproduction of the batrachian order of reptiles , that , when the young are enclosed in a dark box sunk in a river , with holes through which the water may flow , the animals grow , but never undergo their destined change : they become o-io-antic tadpoles , and the reptile characters are not developed . Here the progeny of " a reptile literally becomes a fish , and transition of species is thoroughly realized , although in retrogression . And this is an instance in which the whole animal is concerned . Now surely no one will deny that that which we see nature undo she is able to do , and might be seen doing , if the proper occasion were to occur , or were the requisite attendant conditions realized . " In our next we shall attempt some appreciation of this hypothesis , both in its validity and its imperfections .
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HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . The mortality of London lias exhibited little variation during the last four weeks . In the week that ended on Saturday the number of deaths registered was 984 . In comparing the results of the last two weeks as regards fatal diseases it will be seen that while tubercular diseases and diseases of the heart continue of the same amount , and diseases of the nervous system have declined from 119 to 89 , those of the respiratory organs from 97 to 77 , the emdemic class has risen from 279 to 320 .
Typhus , which rose in the two weeks from 42 to 60 , has partly contributed to the increase of the last-mentioned clas 3 , but the principal cause is diarrhoea , which continues to grow in activity . This complaint , which numbered in four previous , weeks 54 , 73 , 81 , 110 cases , rose last week to 139 ; and cholera , registered under various designations" English , " "infantile , " and in one instance "Asiatic , " —exhibits a still more rapid augmentation , for in the preceding week the number was- only 4 , last week it was 19 . Two or three of these 19 cases appear to have been of violent character and short duration ; 16 occurred to children , nearly all very young , and 3 to persons of advanced years . Last week the births of 709 boys and 752 girls , in all 1461 children , were registered in London . The average number in eight corresponding weeks of the years 1845-52 was 1351 .
At the Royal Observatory , Greenwich , the mean height of the barometer in the week was 30-072 in . The reading of the barometer decreased from 30 ' 06 in . at the beginning of the week to 30-03 in . by 10 b . a . m . on the 7 th ; increased to 30-18 in . by 9 h . a . m . on thelOth ; and decreased to 2997 in . by the end of the week . The variations of reading during the week have been unusually small . The mean temperature of the week was 61 . 2 clegs ., which is slightly below the average of the same week in 38 ycaxs . The mean difference between the dew-point temperature and air temperature was 8 * 6 degs . Tho wind blew for the most part from the north-east .
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BI 11 THS , MARRIAGES , AND DEATHS . BIRTHS . On tho 18 th of Juno , at St . Paul's College , Victoria , Hoiigkong , tho wife of tho Bishop of Victoria : a . son . On tho 12 th of August , at 3 , Upper Brook-street , tho Lady Francos Lloyd : a son . On tho 13 th , at 0 , Princos-terraco , tho Lady Clarence Pagot : a son . On tho 15 th , tho wife of John Eraser , Esq ., 38 , Portmanequaro : a yon . On tho 15 th , at SkoMon-hall , tho Lady Buvghley : a daughter . On the 15 th , at Kadnago Rectory , Bucks , tlio wiib of tho Rov . George Phillimoro : a son . On tho 17 th , tho wife of Christopher Rawaon , Esq ., tho Hurst , Walton-on-Thames : a Hon . On tho lHth , at No . 13 , Lowndes-Bquaro , tho Lady Mary Egerton : a daughter . MARRIAGES . On tho 10 ( h of August , tho Livdy Olivia Taylour , oldest daughter of tho Marquis of Hoadibrt , to tho Rov . Frederick Fits-Patrick , only aonof tho Rov . Frederick Fitz-Patriok , rector of BailiohoroiiL'h . On tho lOtii , at St . Andrew ' s Church , Plymouth , Charles Arthur Ayhner , Esq ., to tho lion . Hopliia Mackay , duughtor of iho Eight Hon . Lord and Lady Rouy . On tho 11 th , nt Holywoll , Robert Btopford , Esq ., youngcBtson of tho Into Hon . Richard Bruoo Stopiord , canon of Windsor , und roetor of Burton Hoagrnyo , to Matilda Caroline , second daughter of tho Into General Biroh Rcynarduou , of Molywell-Jmll , Lincolnshire .
On tho 13 th , at tho parish church of Inch , Mazioro John Brady , . Esq ., Hooond son of tho Rig ht Jfon , Mazioro Brady , Lord High Ohaneollor of Iroland , to Elizabot . li , youngest daughter of tho lain Rov . Robert Longflohl , of Castle Mary , Cloyno .. On tho 13 th , at . Bt . Mary ' s , Btoltti Nowhigton , . John Moornlioad , Esq ., of South-hill , Callington , in tlio eouhty of Cornwall , to Mary , the youngest daughter of tho Into Thomas Ball , Esq ., of Alhioii-road-vilhi , Hloko Nowington , t On tho lltth , at Ht . Giles's , Roacling , Commander J . A . L . " Whurtoii , of H . M . 8 . Plumper , to Matilda , sixth daughter of tho lato Captain . lames Gomm , R . N ., and nioeo of Sir W . M " . Goinin , K . O . K ., Coiiiinamlor-in-Ohiof , East Indies . On the Kith , at Tanburgli , in Norfolk , Francis G . Foster , Esq ., hoii ol ' . Hir William l <' ontor , Bart ., of Thorpo , near Norwich , lo liuoy , daughter of William Gwyn , \ M \ ., of TaHburgh-lodgo . On tho Kith , ut Ht . . James ' s Cliuroh , Pioemlilly , OharleH W . Uonliuui , l >; Nq ., Commandor it . N ., youngest , son of tho lato Homy Bonlmm , Usq ., M . P ., to Isabella Eliza , oldest daughter of tho hue Lieutenant -Colonel HuiloH , K . H ., uud granddaughter of Hir llobort Campbell , Bart .
On tho 17 th , at St . George ' s Church , Tiverton , the Eev . H . G . Nicholls , incumbent of Holy Trinity , Forest of Dean , only son of Sir George Nicholls , K . C . B ., of 17 , Hyde-park-ctreet , London , to Caroline Maria Nicholls , youngest daughter of S . Nicholls , Esq . of Asliley-eourt , Tiverton . On the 18 th , at St . George's , Hanover-square , James Talbot Stanley , Esq ., of Lattiford , Somersetshire , grandson of the late Sir Edmund Stanley , to Prances Susanna Caroline , fourth daughter of Charles Douglas Halford , Esq ., of Grosvenorsquare , and of West-lodge , Suffolk . DEATHS . On the 15 th of July , at Madeira , George Grote Mill , Esq ., fourth son of the late James Mill , Esq ., historian of British India . On the 26 th , at Constantinople , of remittent fever ,. George Rhodes Wolrige , Esq ., Commander of H . M . steam sloop Inflexible , deeply lamented . On the 12 th of August , at Gumley Eectory , JLeicestershire , the Rev . Frederick Apthorp , rector of Gumley , and Prebendaiy of Lincoln Cathedral , in the seventy-fifth year of his age . On the 12 th , at the residence of her daughter , Woodstock , Oxfordshire , Anne , relict of the late Sir Henry Joseph Tichborne , Hants , R . I . P . ¦ --On the 13 th , at his residence , in Westbourne-place , Lieutenant Colonel Verner , in the eightieth year of his age . On the 14 th , Sir Frederick Hamilton , Barfc ., of Sylverton-Mu " , county of Lanark , N . B ., aged seventy-six . On " the 14 th , in Upper Brook-street , Reginald Dalrymple , the infant son of the Hon . Colonel and Lady Sarah Lindsay . On the 15 th , at Kirby , in the Isle of Mann , Sarah Jane , eldest daughter of Charles Richard Ogden , Esq ., Her Majesty ' s Attorney-General for that island . On the 17 th , at 22 , Somerset-street , Charlotte Sophia , widow of the late Sir William Parsons , in her ninety-third year .
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FOEEIGN FUNDS . ( Last Official Quotation DTJBiNG this Wbek bsdikq Thubsdat Evening . ) Brazilian Bonds 102 ^ 1 Portuguese 4 per Cents . 43 J Brazilian New 4 i per Cts . 99 Portuguese 4 per Cents . Cuba 7 p . Cts . ( Matanza ex aJl over-due coupons 41 * and Sabanilla Bonds ) ... 102 Sardinian 5 per Cents ... 97 Granada , ex Dec , 1849 , Spanish 3 p . Cts . New Def . 23 | coupon 24 Spanish Com . Certif . of Granada Deferred ......... 10 ^ Coupon not funded ... 6 ^ Mexican 3 per Cents " .. 26 * Dutch 2 , \ per Cents . 65 * Peruvian 4 | per Cents .... 84 J Dutch 4 per Cent . Certif . 98 $
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814 THE LEADER . [ Saturd ay ,
Cnmmerrioi Iffara.
Cnmmerrioi Iffara .
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MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE . Friday Evening , August 19 , 1853 . Notwithstanding the still unsettled state of aifairs with Russia and Turkey , tho general impression of » peaceful arrangement has maintained , in many cases , the improved prices of last week ; in others much fluctuation has been noticed . London and North-Westorn Stock has fallen as low as 111 $ to 112 ex . d ,, and Great-Western Stock to B 7 i to 884 . Consols hare been done 97 } to 98 , for account , and , on Thursday , reached 98 J , opening , on Friday , at 98 J £ , for account , tho low price , in tho earlier part of tho week , being caused by a fear that tho Bank would increase tho rate of interest . French Bhares have attained great prices , during tho Week . Paris and Strasbourg , on Wednesday , were quoted at 41 to 42 , and business was done at those and higher prices , but experiencing an immediate decline , and loaving oil" tho samo day at 41 $ . Paris and Lyons , on tho samo day , wore quoted 19 i premium . Sonio of tho gold-mining shares have touched bettor prices ; amongst others , Aqua Fria-Nouvcaux Mondo . Many of tho New Limn-es lead-mining shares havo boon bought , during tho week , at from -J to ¦ % premium . Motcalf's aro still on their downward journey . Tho coming call upon tho Uppor India Railway shares has caused a groat depreciation in their price , and they havo been purchased at 7-10 . Consols closed yesterday ( Friday ) 98 J } , for account . Lancashire and Yorkshire , 75 i to 7 ( 1 ; London and Brighton , 102 , 103 ; London and North-Western , 112 to 1124 ox , d . ; Great Westerns . 88 i to 8 !); York and North , 58 J to 50 J ! 1 '^ vis and Lyons , 183 to 19 premium ; Paris and Strasbourg , 40 J , 40 J ; S . E . Franco , \ to I premium ; Northerns , 3 GJ , 3 « i . * CORN MARKET . Mark Lano Friday , August 19 , 1853 . Wheat is Is . to 2 s ., and oats fid . to Is . dearer , than Monday , with a considerable demand from Franco , for the former . Burloy and boans remain as before noted .
Notice To Advertisers.
NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS .
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BRITISH FUNDS FOR THE PAST WEEK . ( Cr . osiNa Pnrous . )
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Satur . Mond . Tues . Wmln . Thum . Frid . BankRtook 227 J 22 HJ 228 J 2 ' 171 22 H 3 por Coiit . Rod » H } D 8 J 984 IIHJ 9 HJ 3 por Cont . Con . Ann . » H jf » 7 J 97 J 1 ) 7 J 99 J Consols for Account ... 08 » 7 jf 97 J J ) 7 J 9 H } . ' ..... 3 i por Coat . An loij" ioij 1 < U KUJ 101 J JMow 5 por Cents Long Auh ., 18 ( 10 \ 515-10 ( J 515-10 India Stock 257 259 257 * 2 f > 7 J 257 Ditto Bonds , iilOOO ... 22 15 12 Ditto , under JD 1000 ... 17 ... 15 18 Ex . Bills , C 1000 : idiH par 1 Ilia par !»< Hh Ditto , . £ 500 3 dis 1 dis par 3 < liH Ditto , SmiiH a Am par 1 dia par 2 dis
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 20, 1853, page 814, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2000/page/22/
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