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THE Four Powers have agreed together in order to desert Turkey , and . to join the Russian camp . We come to this conclusion upon the face of the Note adopted by the Four Powers at Vienna , and this week for the first time laid before the English public , with the alterations in the text demanded by Turkey . The case was one in which compromise was scarcely admissible . Turkey had proposed to yield everything demanded by Rnssia , except one thing . It was a quarrel between two parties , of which one side has yielded nine-tenths , those nine-tenths cnntainin the whole that is
justly and substantially due , and the other tenth being a point which it would be dishonourable to yield . In such a case a compromise is an insult and oppression ; it was at first understood that the Note was intended to present such a form of agreement as should , simply by the style of the com position , conciliate the unjust pride of Russia , and still preserve to Turkey her independence .
When there were rumours that , instead of accepting the agreement offered by the Four Powers , Turke y might really examine it with a judgment of her own , great indignation was expressed at her unwillin gness to enter into a " compromise" which the Note was now called . It would have been a disgrace to her to enter into a compromise , as it would have been a disgrace to the Four Powers to propose such a measure .
• I > ut the Note which now comes before us is not ° vcn that compromise . It is true that it docs not present itself in the form of a treaty , whieh Turkey h «> s declined to admit even in the basis of the negotiations . It is a Note to be signed by Turkey ; 11 species of manifesto , or rather confession . It reco gnises the Czars of Russia as having maintiuued the immunities and privileges of the orthodox Greek church in the Ottoman empire , nnd . Pultuns us confirming that maintenance ; and 14 promises to the orthodox Greek Christians l
tL 1 \<> i . 4- ! ,. " ... a . . ' . _ .. • i i . i « < participation in the advantages conceded to 11 other Christian religions by convention , Ol particular agreement . Thus the Note calls upon Turkey to concede what Russia had required , and Turkey had refused ; to concede i <; to the •^ uperor , who is recognised as the inaiutuiner of <; « rta in privileges within Turkey ; and to give to ' « e ptuvsons under that special patronage everytlll » g that the Sultan may be obliged to grant to other Cluiatittu commmutic-H . Now , in Turkey ,
as we are told by Mr . Layard , there is rising a Protestant sect , of whom the orthodox Greeks have a great jealousy ; and by , this device the orthodox Greeks would be able to gather to themselves aH advantages conceded to any Christians whatever , even foreig n Christians under special circumstances . Such a stipulation is unjust ; but
such a stipulation made to the clients of a foreign patron would be that abrogation of the independence of Turkey which the Sultan had , from the first , refused to yield ; and those Allies who undertook to arrange the matter without compromising his independence , now thrust upon him this paper to sign at the peril of his life !
The alterations ^ required by Turkey so change the text as to strike out these objectionable passages , and to substitute other passages , which would secure to all the Christian subjects of Turkey , without distinction , everything that the Note requires , or that they can expect ; only omitting allusions to Russia , or special allusions to a particular sect as receiving new privileges . Nothing can be more consistent , dignified , or equitable , than the course of Turkey when she refuses he-j immediate assent to these unjust conditions .
The latest intelligence on the subject is not very certain- One report is , that Turkey obstinately refuses , and is well prepared for hostilities . There is a report , curiously harmonising with this , that the Russian Government desires for peace , having found less of a popular reception in the Turkish dominions than it calculated upon , and having an army seriously weakened l > y extensive ravages of choiera and other diseases . This wish is said to have been father to the message sent by the Emperor to the Consul-Gcnerat in Ilueharest , that peace was virtually concluded . On the other hand , it is said that Austria has sent a special message to the Sultan , urging him to yield . It can easily be understood that of all the Powers engaged in the negotiations , Austria is the one that has the greatest dread of war , the deepest anxiety for peace . The Sultan is said to have replied with thanks for the friendly solicitude of his iijly , and with an intimation that he would , comply . . Hut this report in the , one , that most ; requires confirmation . There is one point whieh , throughout these negotiations , Turkey has not yet : yielded , and we are slow to believe that , she has followed the painful example of an English representative in Vienna , in yielding that which it was . dishonourable for us to surrender . There is comparatively little going forward on .
the Continent whieh can be spoken of in the same breath with so large a question . The discovery , apparently through treachery , of a conspiracy at Rome , leads to continued arrests ; they involve persons in , all classes ; but the true importance of the affair is probably yet to come forth . While Rome is exercising her temporal tyranny amongst the Seven Hills , the English Government boasts of a vast concession over Romish influence
in Madrid . For fifty years , the English residents in the Spanish capital have been endeavouring to obtain the right of burial in a Protestant Cemetery , and that right is at last conceded on condition that there shall be no church or chapel ; no appearance of worship ; no publicity in the conveyance of the body . A man , we suppose , before this concession , mig ht have buried his dog in his own garden ; and if he had kept it secret , it is possible that he might have incurred no penalty for introducing some stray English clergyman to
consecrate that garden , whether for the burial ot dogs or Englishmen . The right which might be exercised by favour of secrecy is now permitted by the Spanish Government on somewhat similar conditions—an humiliating bareness and secrecy still being required . Lord Howden rebukes the grudging nature of the concession with spirit ; but it is not stated that Queen Victoria ' s Government has followed up the remonstrances , of Lord Howden with any measure for bringing the
Spanish Government to reason . Spain appears to be a country in which with all our strength , we permit ourselves to be kicked , for the edification of other foreign powers , such as Russia ! We had our ambassador turned out , we have our dead bodies turned in , in a fashion equally disgraceful ; and now , having betrayed our ally , Turkey , ami accepted a right to bury our dead in degradation , Russia may consider us to be as mean and as
craven as she pleases . Hut the most startling piece of foreign news after that treachery at Constantinople , and that humiliation at Madrid , is the ' ravage o New Orleans by yellow fever , which is sending tlic im-^ climated residents to the grave by thousands , il »> t by tens of thousands . The daily number ol deaths is two hundred . The dead are buried m trenchesbchain gangs of negroes , lured at a
, y guinea an hour . In nome place * ploug hs are employed to extempore graves , and dead bodies arc bimiud i" despair . On such occasions the reeklea * always seek to counterbalance fear by dissipation ; but afeo it »» ay be observed awwwmcnt has
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KX l £ i % i ^ " :::::::::::: 82 PUB uc affa « - adis ^ ^^ ^ « wt *> uo ~ ? he Home Secretary at Home 844 Ireland , Illustrated 851 COUNCIL- Meeting and Parting 861 Trtters from Paris 845 The Threatened Stop in the Eise of OPEN COUNCIL THE ARTSSSenSl Notes ... -. 845 Wages 851 The Par ley Block Cutters , and Yivian Nautical 861 America and England 847 Charts 851 . Dock Labourers 856 The Cosmos Institute 861 PrXstants in Spain 847 The Suffolk Artillery Corps as an The Law of Divorce VT ^"' ° Mrs Son ' s Eejoinder .... 847 Example ; ...... ... 852 The Law as to Servants Cha- Health of London during the Week ... 862 Oddities of the Chinese Struggle ... 848 Charles James Napier S 52 racters •> Births , Marriages , and Deaths 862 The Working Classes 848 The Norton Confessions 853 Sunday m Glasgow 8 o 7 COMMERC , AL AFFA . RSThe Hurricane on Friday . 848 The Manufacture of Accidents ... 853 LITERATURE- City Intelligence , Markets , Adver-Charges of Cruelty to Prisoners 849 The Proposed Treaty between Bus- Books on our Table 858 tisements * &c . 862-864 Curiosities of Justice « , 849 . sia and Turkey .... 854 Books on our 1 able aoa » _
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VOL . IV . No . 180 . 1 SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 3 , 1853 . [ Price Sixpence .
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" The one Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctnessis . the . Idea of' . ^^^ tiSt ion ^ o / RtlfJion " ' to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside ^" X ^ pnt of our srTixituai Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object-the free development oi our spiritual nature . "—Hwmboldt's Cosmos .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 3, 1853, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2002/page/1/
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