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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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throne , and who comes not as of old to crush , but to smile with encouragement on the first great effort of Irish Industry , you ofFer a fervent prayer to Heaven that among Britain ' s kings and queens the reign of Victoria may be the longest , the brightest , and the happiest , and from it may commence the date of Ireland ' s regeneration and of England ' s strength . "
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LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ Fboji our own Correspondent . ] Letteb XG . Paris , Thursday Evening , Sept . 15 , 1853 We are just now hi the midst of a crisis . The funds have fallen this week from 80 francs to 76-70—more than four francs in less than a week . The Russian question has had something to do with this , no doubt : the bread question must also take its share of the blame : but the deficit which lias suddenly declared
itself in the finances of the State is the chief culprit . The Treasury is empty . Immense dilapidations have dissipated the public fortune . Aides-de-camp , generals , ministers , courtiers , everybody has been gambling at the Bourse with the funds of the State , and the resources of the State have vanished . The budget of 1853 voted at 1700 millions ( of francs ) = 68 , 000 , OOOZ ., and which was to last for a year , has been devoured in eight months . This is what everybody is talking about in a whisper . This is the secret cause that precipitates the fall of the funds at the Bourse . The Government
itself has betrayed the alarming secret . 1 . Without any apparent cause , in the midsfc of a rise of public stocks and of all securities , with abundance of money in the market , the Government finds itself compelled to raise one-half per cent , the current price of Treasury Bills . 2 . The agents of the Treasury have invited capitalists to pay in advance six months' amount of their contributions for the ensuing year , alleging the necessity under which the Government labours of keeping the price of bread low . - 3 . Active steps have been taken this last fortnight to induce certain hankers to conclude a loan of three hundred millions of francs —( 12 , 000 , 000 ^ . )
4 . The employes of the Minister of Finance tell all the world that there is no money in the State coffers to pay the dividends falling due on the 22 nd inst . Nothing else has been talked of at the Bourse of late , and the funds have fallen lower than they have been for a length of time . Every one asks where all this nystem is to lead to , and what security there can be in having at the head of the country such a band of jobbers ?
As for the bread crisis , it was arrested for a moment by the efforts' made by the Government . But now , after a factitious fall , the prices have resumed higher than ever . I told you in my last letter how Bonaparte had given orders to the cantonal commissaires de police to visit every market , and to draw up informations ( proces-veruaux ) against any one buying ^ or selling above the preceding prices . This commercial terror has borne its natural fruits in the provinces . For a
day or two prices were maintained without a rise , but when sellers and buyers had disappeared , the great economists of Bonaparfcism began to find out that tho remedy was worse than the disease ; the commissaires de police received orders to cease their informations , and the corn reappeared in the markets—but it reappeared at a rise . Tho policy of "informations , " even if successful in tho provinces , would have been powerless at Paris ; another expedient was necessary .
M . Darblay , the famous speculator in grain in the year 184 G , " and proprietor of half tho department of Seine et Oi . se , was requested to purchase grain on behalf of tho Government . It was in his favour that the duties on wheat , < fcc , wero suppressed . M . Darblay immediately set to work in Franco , in ' England , at Odessa , and at New York , simultaneously . Disposing of enormous capital , backed by Rothschild , his old associate of 1840 , he swept up all the . crops in tho neighbourhood of Paris in no time . His calculation wan , not to soil them until his supplies from abroad woro exhausted . lint this did not suit the views of . Bonaparte , who , by u monstrous stretch of authority , ordered M . Darblay to throw all his supplies upon tho
Central Market of Paris , at a rale below lite price current . M . Darblay , who was given lo under-stand that resistance ) might cost him dear , obeyed the first day ; but the next day ho quietly undersold all his supplied , and resolved never again to meddle with operations iu corn . JIo withdrew all his orders to England , Odessa , and Now York ; and , what in worse , tho French merchants , alarmed at the fnct . it . iouH fall , did likewise , and countermanded all their ooiifiigninents . You may easily conceivo tho disastrous effects of all theso proceeding !! . France , decoivetl by tho false maiKHiivri'H of her Government , tho faith of a riso artificially created , reposes in treacherous confidence , to uwake , perhaps in aomo months hence , to ( ho terriblo
cry of a famished people , rising up en masse , mid crying , BreadI Symptoms of a serious agitation are seen every where . In many places there have been riots and tumultuous gatherings , which have been dispersed by force . Agents of all the political parties avail themselves of this agitation to work upon the . minds of the population . . The Government feels itself ill at ease , and those , contradictory measures , those acts of authority of to-day , expiated to-morrow by an official declaration of respect to commercial liberty , prove that it has lost its head .
In violence and in persecution , indeed , it waxes stronger . The internes ( political offenders confined within certain districts ) who permit themselves the least syllable or sign of opposition , are whisked off to Algeria . Teh political prisoners have just been sent to Belle Isle . At Orleans , six citizens have been arrested , and three merchants , and an advocate at Lille . At Dieppe , during the Emperor ' s sojourn , the police displayed a severity without parallel . For an . equivocal word , or a supposed allusion , people were arrested and taken off to Paris , to the prison of Maza 3 . It will be the same , no doubt , during the approaching imperial progress in the north of France . This progress was for a long time undecided ; the manufacturers of that town who have heard of the talk about
annexing Belgium , are far from favourably disposed , while the working men are , almost to a man , republicans , and of an extreme colour , too . A second edition of the affair of the Opera Comique is apprehended . Bonaparte leaves Paris on the 22 nd . inst ., with his wife , and sleeps at Arras . On the 23 rd and 24 th he will sleep at Lille ; on the 25 th , after visiting the camp at Helfaut , at St . Omer . On the 26 th he will start for Calais , passing by Dunkirk , and from Calais he will proceed to Boulogne and to Amiens , returning to Paris on the 20 th . S . '
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . The Emperor has returned to St . Cloud . There has been a sham fight and grand military operations at St . Germain , by the troops encamped at Satory under command of Marshal Magnan . Cabinet Councils are held ¦ daily alfSfc . Cloudy and it is not surprising that they should last six hours at a stretch , considering the bread crisis , the financial deficit , and the Eastern question . With respect to the last , M . do Persigny is said to be the chief , if not the only , advocate of bold measures against Russia . Some surprise has been felt at the absence of M . Drouyn de Lhuys at the present moment , and rumour would have it that ho has gone over incognito to London , to hold a conference with Lord Clarendon on the measures to bo taken in the present state of tho Eastern question . The Monitcur has published a ' second note denying that the French Government has been buying corn . It admits , however , that it ; entered into arrangements in England six weeks back for 419 , 000 hectolitres of wheat , which amount , it declares , is intended for the annunl supply of tho army and navy . Tho note further declares that it haa no intention whatever of interfering in any way in an operation relative to corn .
At the Cabinet Council held on Thursday week , at St . Cloud in presence of the Emperor , tho majority of the Ministers—who , with tho exception of Count Persigny , were all present—pronounced themselves for tho maintenance of the actual modo of regulating the price of bread in nonconformity to tho prices of tho market , and therefore without tickets for cheaper bread , of which the price will bo maintained in Paris at its actual rato . Tho French Government has taken a measure of considerable importance , on tho importation of cattle , and fresh or salted meat . By n decree of tho 14 th inst ., it ia provided that , " until it shall bo otherwise ordered , " tho duties on tho above-mentioned imports shall ho fixed " provisionally " as follows : — Hulls and oxen 3 francs per head instead of GO . Cowf , heifers , &c , 1 franc per head instead of 25 and 12 franca 50 cent .
Calves , sheep , pigs , &c , 25 centimes per head instead of 3 and 5 franca . Lambs , kids , &c , 10 centimes per head instcud of 30 and 25 centimes . Fresh meat , 50 centimes per 100 kilogramme ?) instead of 18 francs . Sailed meat , 10 francs instead of 33 and 30 franca . Those reductions restore tho French tarilFon cattle , < fec , to the figures nt which it , stood previous to tho laws paused by tho Chambers of the Restoration in IB' 22 . Tho price of bread is not to bo raised in Paris . Tho Municipal oowmuHHJon indemnifies tho bakers out of ( lie City purso the didorcneo between tho natural price , and tho maximum ( 10 cents per kilogramme ) to ho maintained .
With ronpeet to tho decreo diminishing tho duties 071 tho importation of ait Mo anjd of i ' rosh and salted moats , it is noticeahlo that it in not l . o lako effect only to tho vtul of this year , hut " nnt . il otherwise decreed ; " and it establishes no differential duties on the produce of diHerent countries , or upon importafionn in Kronch and foreign bottoms . M . Dupiu , tho elder , has boon paternally addressing an agricultural society at Clnnuo ' oy . Tho ohiof points of his address woro a huclihaiidcr at" demagogy and Socialism " an adroit , compliment l . o tho ruling Powers as tho protectors of agriculture ; and an entlniniaRti <) mention of tho glorious conquests of'HO over feudal privileges .
Tho Paris correspondent of Iho Uhroniclo wntoH , under dato September l £ > : "A . courier arrived herij yesterday morning , bringing tho decision corao to tho day boibro ( tho i 3 th ) by tho lour Miniwtoi'a who mot « n that day
namely , Lord Aberdeen , Lord John Bussell , Lord Cl « don , and Lord Palmerston . Another courier took V ' departure for Marseilles , with orders to embark th once , bearing a despatch for Lord Stratford de EedcKft ^ which , it is said in a well-informed quarter , enjoins hi t ' employ every possible means to induce the Sulta n ton cept without delay the Note of Vienna without modifi tion . In case tho Porte should object that she' was longer able to . keep in the populations * his lordsliin ^ authorized to allow the English , squadron to enter t ^ Bosphprus , and to disembark troops for the purpose > f causing the decision of the Sultan to be respected A courier also is to be at ; once despatched to Omer Pacli forbidding him to commence hostilities in any ' Yesterday , at St . Cloud , the Emperor and his Ministp ^' deliberated on the decision of the ^ English . Cabinet and decided on adopting the same course . " ' ¦
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The Vienna Government published , on Monday , the following notification in the Gazette : — "A telegraphic dc-spatcb . has reached the Government from Lieutenant Field-Marshal Coronini , Governor of the Servian Woiwodschaft , stating that the Hungarian regalia have been discovered near Orsoya , where they lay buried . The crown of St . Stephen , with the orb cross sword and sceptre , are uninsured . The Governor has taken measures for conveying hither these insignia , unde r fitting escort , by the steamer Albrecht . " The precious relics are " uninjured ;" ¦ thus the Austrian government itself vindicates the Hungarian patriots from the aspersions which mean , and cowardly libellers have thrown upon them .
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The Mazziman press has not fallen into the hands of the Pope ' s police , as lately reported . The Sardinian Government insist upon subjecting lay naonks to military service . This gives great offence to the priest party . At Home , the Sardinian Minister has hoisted the Sardinian arms on the Braschi Palace . There , supported by the Italian tricolor , they suggest to the Republicans better days to come . ¦ . . In Naples , despotism looks even on science as revolu « lutionary . The King , Ferdinand , will not encourago a submarine telegraph between Sicily and Naples , his object being to isolate the countries . Only a short time since , Sicilians were not allowed to come to Naples , and many who had been living there were sent back to Sicily .
The cholera has left Denmark , and now ravages Sweden . On the 2 nd inst ., Sweden declared London , and all ports on the Thames , or situate at its mouth , infected , and all ports between the mouth of the Thames and the TVeed suspected . It still exists in Prussia ; but its violence has been chocked .
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Count Strassoldo has issued an ordinance announcing that a cattle fair will bo opened on tho 3 rd of October at Lecco on Lako Como , and will continue for eight days . The Swiss who may think proper to attend this lair with beasts are promised that the import duties to bo paid at the Lombard frontier for their cattlo shall bo returned to them in respect of all not sold ; but , it is added , to reach the fair from Switzerland , travellers must journey only by tho Splugen . It would appear from this measure that the want of tho accustomed supplies of Swiss cattlo is felt in Lombardy . In alleviating it , however , tho Austrian Government is careful to exclude Ticino from tho benefit of this special intercourse with Lombardy . Tho jury sitting at Friburg has pronounced a verdict upon the prisoners who had fled from tho prosecutions m-Btituted against tho promoters of tho disturbances in that canton . Nino wero acquitted , among whom are three or four names notorious in connexion with tho Sonderbund .
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Tho Espana ( Government journal at Madrid ) bus a violent avticlo on tho Protestant cemetery question , being piqued by tho satirical allusion of tho Journal des Dibnts to Turkish tolerance as compared with Spanish intolerance . The argument of the Espana is essentially this , that nono but an atheist can bo logically tolorant on matters l » which religion is concerned : and that every other consideration baa always boon sacrificed in Spain to tho strie preservation of " unity of faith , " with which tho s 1 " ™ " * concession in favour of Protestantism , or any other coi * cession , " is incompatible . , y < . Tho Queen of Spain has ordered tho pay of tho soMiere to bo increased .
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In the ? church of Santa Croco , at Florence , Homo romiirkable compositions by Giotto , embracing four "S of saints , lifb size , and Aix symbolical compoHitionH , » boon brought , to light in tho Uardi Chapol , and it J » peeled that , moro will bo discovered . ,, , ¦ Unormous shipments of corn aro detained at tho M Bar of Mio Danube , and tho losses of moHrhants aro roiiH . A protest has boon uddroHRod to , tho . Russian Bill . Tho famous dredging machine loavoN tho mim » ' < Tho Russian army has ostablinhed a regular coim ^ wiriat for the Horvico of tho troops in tho Prmcipi ll "' ' . Bucharest . Tfioro aro only eight commissariat < 'I hi ( J inonts throughout tho wholo Russian empiro ; ft ! " ' urontion of a ninth doos not look liko a drnpoHi " ovaeuato tho Danuhian Provinces .
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Tho Nubjoined ropTy of Lord Clarendon < o M > { " - '"JjJ , Circular of M . do NouBolroilo found its way " °
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892 THE LEAD EH . [ Saturday
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The session of the States-General of Holland was for mally closed on Monday by the Minister of the Interior " M . van Eeenen . The Minister expressed the thanks of the Government to the Chamber for the support it had afforded to the law on religious liberty .
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The Genoa and Turin Railway will be opened for traffic in its whole length some time in November . On the 15 th , a fast train , in communication with that from Cologne , will run between Berlin and Vienna . The distance between the two capitals will be accomplished in twenty hours .
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 17, 1853, page 892, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2004/page/4/
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