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CltlUlUlTriul Mtth'5,
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PHOTOGRAPHY . * ( FIRST ABTICXiE . ) THE CAMEEA AND THE EASEL . In the course of the more or less important proceedings of the British Association , at Hull , last month , Professor Hunt read a delightful paper , which , though purporting only to explain the process of photography , embraced the whole subject of ray-power . Our notes of the lecture will furnish us with illustrations as we proceed , but at present we have only to quote Professor Hunt for the purpose of differing with him . Not on a question of science , we hasten to say . We would only endeavour to persuade him out of his fear that heh ' ography may " induce our young artists to follow too closely a naturalistic theory of adherence to minute details ,
to the sacrifice of those efforts of imagination so essential to the full development of the poetical and the beautiful . " -No painter , having imagination , will be likely to sacrifice it to details , whether presented to him in Nature or in a Talbotype . To our thinking , heliography has not so much affected the process of Art as it h as confirmed it Take Titian , for instance . If any proof were wanted that his method of painting was true to the life , you have that proof in a good paper heliograph of the naked form . And certainly Titian would not have changed his method if Pox Talbot ' s invention had dated from the pontificate of Clement the Seventh .
Let us not , however , affect a doubt of Kobert Hunt's intention to have a rap at the " Pre-Raphaelites . " We may regret that , saving as much as he did , he should have said no more than has been loudly repeated every first Monday in May , since some wicked wag told the critic of the Times that Millais systematically " cribbed" from a calotype ; still Hobert Hunt says nothing without a meaning-. If the reader will give himself the trouble of going back to the reported sentence , he will see that the allusion is unmistakeable , although , as we believe , absurd . Indeed , we might at once dispose of the idea by bringing forward a simple fact ; Millais , Hunt , and Collins do not , and never did paint from heliographs , or even borrow a single hint from their effects . But we prefer to show cause why they do not ; and why they are the very men who would most have to readjust their materials , before they could profit from studying that natural arrangement , of which heliography is the imperfect reflex . Apart from other considerations , it is a mere matter of justice to these young painters , to remember that their details are incidents , not accidents . A
daguerreotype of Claudio ' s prison-cell , even had two consummate actors stood a models for the brother and sister , would not have given the app le-blossotns outside the grated window ; or the church-spire , pointing heavenward as formally but not more so than the disciplined life of the religieuse . The robin twittering among the leaves near Ophelia , as she sinks to her " imiddv death ; " the butterfly on * the gnarled bark of the hollow tree in which tbl fugitive lies hid ; the wild flowers dropped by the sleeping child on the "floor of his father's dungeon—such are the " minute details" of the schooland such , it is hardly necessary to add , are not the accidental objects in a calotype . The distracting multiplicity of detail belongs to , and affects the story , as much or perhaps more than it does the picture .
The minute exactness of the heliograph is only one of its characteristics though it is more obvious and more a matter of course , than the rest . A uniformly certain result of solidity , whether the shadows be black and strongly defined , and the middle 'tints hardly distinguishable , or whether the impression be but faint , and the half tints undeveloped , may always be ascertained by the stereoscope . There is no rule by which you can say from the degree of depth , which is a mere chemical accident in the tint , whether or not a picture , obtained through any heliographic process will be brought into relief by Professor Wlieatstone ' s beautiful instrument . Suppose the double image , or view , to have been accurately focussed in the camera , the effect will be the same , whatever the influence of the chemical agents . Now as this effect is independent of the arearpr
or less amount of sharpness obtained in the after process of heliography , we are led to believe that exactness of detail and general truth , in the disposition of shadows , are distinct qualities of the heliograph ; and that the circumstance of minute detail being the most apparent quality , has led to the association of minutely exact paintings with heliography . An effect almost stereoscopic may be obtained by looking at certain paintings with one eye , employing a roll of paper , so as to exclude the view of the frame . The analogy , here , between painting and heliography , is strengthened in our mind , lay observation : Pyne , not a minutely elaborate painter , by any means , achieves more wonderful stereoscopic effects than any artist living ; while Maelise , whose outline truly resembles that of the daguerreotype , is just as effective in a cartoon as in a picture .
The artist , in brief , who studies Nature closely , ( through the heliograph or not , ) will be " Taught both by what she shows and what conceals . " It is not the appearance ( which , even in nature , may be false ) , of the object to be painted , that he will strive to imitate . He must realize the expression , which can only be done , even in a solitary case , through ^ acquaintance with a type . In mere portraiture , the exactness of Millais beats the daguerreotype hollow ; in natural arrangement he has , till recently , fallen far short of it . His " naturalistic theory , " assuming that he has any such , might , therefore , have been improved by a study of heliographic effects ; while his manual skill has eclipsed the precision of heliography , and has nothing to gain from it . In speaking so far of him , we speak , also , of Hunt and Collins . It is not , we think , probable that they will take the hint , but we recommend that their designs , for next year ' s pictures , be , in the first stage , Talbotypes . Q .
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HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . A thousand and fiftt-touk deaths were registered in London in the week that ended on Saturday . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1843—52 the average number waa 958 , which with a correction for increase of population , becomes 1054 . It happens that the actual mortality of last week , and a calculation founded on tho average of the samo week in former years , present in this case identical results . It will be seen with regret that tho deaths from cholera , which had declined in tho two previous weeks from CO to
45 , rose again last week to 83 . Forty males and 43 females perished by this disease . Tho districts on tho south side of tho river still assert their fatal pre-eminence , 49 out of thowholo numbor of cases having occurred there , liotherhitho , Battersoa , St . Saviour , St . Ueorgo , are the parts of that division which suffered most . The deaths from cholera in London in tho corresponding 1 week of 1848 were 34 . The public have neon frequently cautioned against indulgence in spirituous liquors at periods of epidemic cholera . The readers of tho . Registrar /) ' notes , published from week , will lind too many instances in , which this advice has boon neglected . A person drinks to excess , in a few hours he is suffering from an attack of diarrhoea , and the disease runs through its several stages to a fatal termination . When cholera is at the door temperance in the use of intoxicating liquors , and an almost total abstinence from gin and other spirits , becomeB extremely necessary l ' or tho preservation of life . It is admitted that diarrham generally precedes cholera ; that thoro aro few , if any , exceptions to tho rule , lint it ja of importance both to establish tho rule , and show its extent , by a mans of observations accurately recorded . It is therefore desirable that medical informants should inquire specially in all cases whether the attack of cholera commences by "diarrhoea , " and slate the interval in hours and days between , the appoiimriro of diarrhaui and the prevention of tho other characteristic symptoms of cholera . Last week the 83 deaths from cholera occurred as follows . —In the West Districts 2 , in the JVorth , f > , in the Central 3 , in the Jflast 144 , and in those on the South aiiln Thames , 4 >\ K
BIRTHS , MAiatlAQKS , AND DEATHS . in itTi jh . On tlio Ifith of August , at Victoria , Hong-Kong , the wifo of Lieutenant-Colonel Griflln , Commanding Itoyul Artillery In China : On tho ' 21 st October , at Polosdou , the Lady Mary Farquliar : u daughter . * On tho 22 nd , at Philorth , AbnrdooiiHjiiro , f . ho Lady Haltoun : On the SJfiUi , at Hrookloy-OourL Somorootuhko , tlio wifo of JHonry Smyth Pigott , i ^« U « * w duugator .
On the 25 th , at Langley-park , the Marchioness of Chandos : a daughter . On the 25 th , at North Mimms-place , Herts , the Lady Rosa Greville : a son , who survived his birth but a short time . MARRIAGES . On tho 13 th October , at Arndilly . Banflshire , Hamilton Forbes , Esq ., itengul Cavalry , to Elizabeth , third daughter of the late Hon . William Fraser , of Soltoun , and sister of tho present Lord Saltoun . . ' On tlio 10 th , at All Saints' , Leamington , Warwickshire , tlio Rev . Francis YVheler Molony , second son of James Molony , Esq ., of Kiltanon , county of Clare , to Harriet , eldest daughter of Captain (^ AAVlTA Hn . lrAT Tf . fwjil
"NTmru-On tlio 22 nd , at Lewishum , by the Hon . and Kev . Henry Legge , Mr . Alfred George Kennedy , to Elizabeth , youngest daughter of John Hall , Esq ., Commander R . N . On the 25 th , at St . Peter ' s Church , Pimlico , William Brodrick , Esq ., oldest son of tho Hon . and Rev . W . J . Urodriok , rector of Until , and nephew of ViHeount Midleton , to Augusta Mary , third daughter of tho Right Hon . Sir Thomas Francis Fromantle , Hart , of Swanbourne , Bucko . On the 25 th , at Putney , Captain George G . Wellesloy , R . N ., youngest son of the late Hon . and Rov . Gerald Wollesley , I > . l > ., to Klizabcth Doughty , youngest daughter of tho lato Kofoort Lilian , Esq ., oi'the War-oflicc . DUATHS . On tlio lot of August , at Calcutta , tho Rov . William Ord Ruspini , M . A ., grandson of tho first Chevalier Ruspini . On the 21 Ht of September , at St . George ' s , Bermuda , of tho prevalent malignant yellow lover , Lioiitflnant-Colonol Thomas Congrevo ltohu , commanding tho Royal Artillery in those islands . Liuutnnant-Oolonol Robo was the third son of the Into Colonel Sir William Kobe , K . C . H ., K . T . S ., and K . C . H ., of the Royal Iforse Artillery , and is tho fourth of that officer's sons who havo died while serving their country on foreign stations ; ngod lifty-four . On the ( Sth October , at noa , on board tho fltoamor IIo / xi , Char ] oh Wothered Pears , Lieutenant ll . N ., aged forty-six . On tho ll ) th , perished at sen , by tho foundering of tho ship Dallummr . , oil' lioaohey-head , on their passago to Sydney , Mr . John Underwood , his wife , Mary Anne , and their throe children , Kathcrlno , Frederick , and Alu'tiri , Into of Clnpham-park and liunsttnul , Hiirrcy . On tho J » l , h , lOdward Lloyd Ward , Vm \ ., First Lioufcnaut in tho Royal Denbigh Rifles , und son of Thomas Edward Ward , Vm \ ., ot'llio Lodge , Chirk , aged thirty-nine .
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1052 THE LEADER . [ Saturday . .. ¦ ¦¦¦ _^_^^ • -. ¦¦¦ - I ... .,., „ . - . ¦ : rn „ _ . ' ^ j V i . > . ' '
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* The term most commonly in use makes the best title , however erroneous a term it may be . The word TBleliography will be substituted in the body of this and succeeding papers , and will of course mean , practically , the same thing as the word Photograph , !/ means , practically . In a literal sense , the terms differ . Years and years before the beautiful inventions of Fox Talbot , and Daguerre , the untold marvels of the calotype were disconnected from the specific phenomena of light . Actinic science had , in the nonage of the present century , established the certain fact that the chemical rays are distinct from the rays of light and heat , and exist even above the spectrum ; though it is in the highest visible rays ( violet ) that the greatest chemical influence is found . Between the terms Photography , meaning the production of pictures by light , and iLeliogrwijliy , or evuu-pfimtinpj , the boot authorities have decided in favour of the latter , which is correct as far as it goes , instead of the former , which particularizes falsely .
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£ ! af . m \ Mowl TumuI . W « dn . Thivrt . Wul . Hank Stock 214 215 212 212 21 ' * .. ••¦¦ !» per Oout . Red i ) 0 J 00 * OOj 018 01 * ' \\ !< per Cent . Con . AnH .... JMft 01 } « 2 » 2 J » 24 J Consols for Account ... 1 ) 1 / ,- » U 1 W » 2 J » 2 * " * : » i Per Cent . An l ) 2 j { » 2 & 022 » : > i 0 <» B "' , ' New fi per Ceiitn ^ "i- "in "f 1 " Long Ans . 18 ( 10 , fi | ' fit l > i G R-Hib J-W •'* India StiMik , 2-iH 21 H 211 ) »?> " ?" Ditto ItoiulH , £ 1000 ... 2 < lis ' id '' V ••;;" Ditto , under X ' KXK ) ... I ' * P ^ V , Kx . HillH . ;( I ( MM ) ad 'tp 4 p » I » ; 1 ' f' \ Ditto , , er , < M ) I 4 ]> 4 p 4 , ]> « P ;| P ' ! ]' Ditto . Hinall ' 4 ?» 4 » ' 1 l > « 1 » __ jUl —— L-
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FOR ' KIGN FUN IKS . ( l . AH'v OitvwiA . i . Quotation- mniiNO vmt Wienie undinO FltlDAY MVKKltfO . ) „ . Hraviilian llondti » 7 RuHBlan » on «] H , JHaa , 5 p . t > . ii-r Ditto Hiuall » 7 fc ItaHHiauMper C (» aH ....... Mexican » per Cents 24 | Hunlln an J »<»»; H »^ J ^ , . ; | Portuguene f > ]) er ( JontH .... < 124 Hpimlsh II r . U ,. ^« ¦» ^ l Ditto 4-vw Cowt . 40 h Pwuvluu Bowl * . H I > . ^ *
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ItRlTIHH FIJNDB FOIt TH 10 PAST WEEK . ( Cr . osiwa I ' uiobh . )
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1 V 10 NKY MAItKIOT AND CITY rNTICLLiaitfNOR Friday Evening , October 2 H , IHf . a : ( Consols o ]> oned well this morning upon the intelligence of no much gold having arrived , and wore dono « t 028 , but the information lutd , arrived tltut hoHliliticH have
aro still depressed , having realized Is . discount to Is . premium , South Sea Old Annuities bring 99 J . Foreign Stocks have been very quiet . Spanish Three por Cent , Deferred Annuities are 2 If . Portuguese Four por Cents , brinp ; 40 , and the Old Five per Cents . 42 J . Peruvian Four-und-a-Ifall per Cents , havo been quoted 7 Q \ . Mexican Bonds have been firm at 24 J- I . Brazilian Five per Cents , have boon quoted 97 . Dutch Two-and-. o-IIalf per Cents , have been at 62 J . The Railway Share Market is extremely quiet , and the prices have given way generally in the few instances where sales have been made . Caledonian havo dropped J to £ , North Western , i to 1 , and Groat Western £ to -J . IVonch shares have been about 5 s . to 10 s . lower . moderate
The Gold Mine Shares have been steady with puiehases , and tho Australian Bank and Land Shares are dearer . Tho arrival of the General Screw Steam Ship Company ' s ship Ari / o from Australia in sixty-four days , is justly regarded in tho city as another triumph of steam navigation . It is exceedingly important , too , that tho attempt to come homo by way of Cupo Horn has proved as successful in the case of a steamer as of some of tho clipper vessels that havo inado tho passage , and that tho Argo appears to have had scarcely any need to uao hor coiuh , having sailod tho greator part of the distance COItN MARKET . Mark Luno , Friday , October 28 , 1853 . There has been a fair supply of Wheat , Harloy , and Oats during the week . Notwithstanding heavy rain has fallen during yeHtoruay and last night , no advaneo has been established in tho valmroi Wlioat since Monday . Oats are 1 h . dearer , and Barloy ndly maintains its previous value . It is statftd that the export of corn lrom Turkey is prohibited by tho Ottoman Government ; but tnw prohibition it » not supposed to extend beyond tho provinces near Constantinople . The markets in tho JJaltic ports havo advanced several shillings since last week .
Cltlulultriul Mtth'5,
CltlUlUlTriul Mtth' 5 ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 29, 1853, page 1052, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2010/page/20/
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