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Prefect of Police , to terrify the prisoners into confession : indeed , the threats have come out in the trials ; but from threat to execution there is a chasm which has not yet been passed . At all events , the examinations have proceeded , and with the-exception of two or three men who had been intimidated into betrayal of their accomplices , the accused remained immovably firm . One fact has struck everybody—I mean the attitude of the prisoner Commba . This man denies nothing" . He avers , without naming any person , that he was at the door of the Ope ' ra Comique , within a foot of Bonaparte ; and that , if the signal had been given , he would have killed the Emperor with the greatest ease . This avowal has made many shudder . One of the three who have confessed is a man named Martin . He plays a singular part . He calls himself a man of letters ,
and he is religiously disposed ; he goes to confession ; he writes in the Univers ; he corresponds with Father JLacordaire . On the day following the affair of the Ope ' ra Comique , at the instance of his superior he delivered himself up to justice ; he betrays all he knows of the plot . At first he is silent about the names of his co-accused ; but as soon as he is face * to face with them , and challenged whether he knows them , or any of them , the fear of hell-fire overpowers him and he tells all he knows about them . It is an enigma how such a man could have gained admittance among republicans . He was acquainted with the illustrious historian Michelet ; and that name alone was his password in all societies of the students . This man , Martin , however , made one declaration which equally horr ified and enlivened the whole audience . When asked
what fate was reserved by the conspirators for the Emperor , he replied that Bonaparte was to have been killed ^ and hia bleeding corpse dragged through the streets of Paris ; as for the Empress , she was not to have been killed , mats on la leservait pour toute autre chose . At these words the whole Court tittered ; the gendarmes looked at the judges , the judges at each other , and none could repress a smile . The result was a general explosion , scarcely repressed . Such is the true respect for imperial Majesty in France—in emergencies ! Such is the true faith in the duration of dynasty No . 5 .
Disapprobation has been expressed at the manner in which the presiding judge conducts the trials . He treats the accused like men condemned already , and , what is far worse , he has indulged in perfidious insinuations against one ot the most honourable of men , M . G-oudchaux the banker . He asked one of the accused whether M . Goudchaux had not given him money to buy pistols . The question raised a murmur throughout the audience .
The affair of Charles Delescluze engages the anxieties of the whole republican party . Arrests are still going on throughout the country . The examining magistrate , charged with the investigation of the affair , is going to Orleans to interrogate the numerous prisoners arrested in the departments of the Loire , Loire et Cher , Maine el Loire , Mayenne , Sarthe , 1 'Indre at Loire , and Loire Inf&rieure . The prisons of Paris being crammed , the juge d'instruction is obliged
to make a circuit of the provinces , as the prisoners cannot be removed to the capital . It ia the discovery of arms which particularly occupies the researches of authority just now . Concealed arms have been found at Angers and in the neighbourhood of Tours . The Beverity of the police increases daily . Passports are demanded of travellers on all tho great roads . Travellers from England are subjected to special surveillance .
Ifi tho Governmental circles a sort of panic prevails . ™ U « scarcity of food has declared itself only too decisively , Tho public functionaries are at their wit ' s tiixds . Tho press ia forbidden to speak of tho quqstion wjfch any particularity . Prices of food are getting up , and tho retail trade lacks purchasers . Nevertheless , tho preparations for tho Coronation » n > being hastened . It is oven proposed to collect tho « ight y-two biwhopa and archbishops of Franco for tho JHieamon . All tho Protects and chief {( functionaries in the ( departments will bo convoked to Paris . Tho second 01 December is still tho day fixed .
Moan while Bonaparte iH going to hunt at Fontoino bloau . The costume of Louis XV . again Iijih «« en proHcribcd for tho hunt at Fontainobleau , an . p afc of Compiegno . Nono aro admitted Have 111 tu " costume de rigucur . Grave diplomatmtu * bound to diHguifio thomsolvea a . s porsonagon « w Louis XV ., in order to figuro in tho imperial grtfye . To Ooinpibgno , M . do KwaulofF and M . do ulmor , tho Busfiian and Austrian Ambassadors , wore
'"' - invited : they aro on tho liat of present invitation *) t ^ o ntainebleau . Iho Hoia-HO haa shown wyniptoins of rallying- from ); l ) IUli « <>< ' Into . Tho funds have boon getting up *» iuo l > y little—from 71 to 74 . True , the name system * !< H ) r « ion is practised towards the ]? ourso ns towarclt ) « i ' U - fn- inHfcit"tions . A merchant , who was talking of il '" uu < u ''' ° voico , was arrested in tho midst ' »>() Bourne by tho agents of police , and taken to I won : there bo remains . As this was not onoourng"K t <> tho other " Board , " the Bulls had it all thoir <> Wn way from 41 lat momonfcp Wo have important news from Turkey . Tlve TuiJcb r « HHed tho Danube ou tho {) rd of this month , at a
third point between Toustouk and Olteniza ; 12 , 000 men effected the passage of the river , and were attacked by 9000 Russians . After a brisk cannonade , the two armies charged with the bayonet . The Russians were repulsed , and . the Turks remained masters of the field , and fortified themselves in their position at Olteniza . The corps of 5000 men which passed the Danube on the 28 th of October at Widdin , marched from Kalafat on Craiova , the capital of Little " Wallachia . Covered by that advance guard , the reserve formed at Sophia passed the Danube at Widdin , and marched also on Craiova . When this reserve , which is marching from west to east upon Bucharest , comes abreast of Giurgevo , Omer Pasha will debouch with his whole force on Bucharest , to drive out the Russians , who it is said are already decimated by pestilence and marsh fever . S .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . THE WAS ON THE DANUBE . The Turks have gained the first victories . So much is certain amidst the contradictory flashes of stockjobbing telegraphs . Before the declaration of war , the main body of the Turkish army lay at Schumla , a detached corps at Rustchuck , and a strong body at Sophia , south , of Widra . The numerical force of this army has been stated at from 70 , 000 to 100 , 000 men . There are also forts along the right bank of the Danube— Silistria , Eustchuck , Turkatai , Kabova , Nicopolis , and others . The communication between this extended array was maintained by a chain of posts stretching from Schumla to Widin ; and videttes were stationed along the bank of the Danube , watching the Russian forces . We have seen that the first movement was made from the corps stationed near Sophia , a portion of which , reported at 12 , 000 strong , passed the Danube and occupied Kalafat on the 28 th October . Between that day and the 5 th November , other bodies of Turks passed the Danube at Giurgevo , Oltenitza , and Kalarache . "We are not accurately informed as to the numbers of these > bodies of troops . Those who passed at Giurg-evo are set down at 2000 ; those at Oltenitza at from 12 , 000 to 18 , 000 , and those at Kalarache at 4000 . The troops at Kalafat , therefore , form the left wing of the Turkish army , while the right wing- extends as far east as Kalarache . Tie centre is at Oltenitza . Opposed to the troops in Xesser
Wallachiar was the corps of General Dannenberg , estimated roughly at from 30 , 000 to 40 , 000 . This corps were disposed en echelon , between Krajova , in Lesser Wallachia , and Slatina , on the left bank of the Aluta . According to the latest accounts , Dannenberg lias been defeated in an encounter with the Turkish left wing , and driven off' towards Bucharest . In the centre , the corps of Turks which crossed at Oltenitza were assaulted at once by a division of Russians , 9000 strong , under General Perloff ; but after a smart cannonade , the conflict was ended by a bayonet charge , and PerlofF driven back on Bucharest , which lies about sixty miles from Oltenitza .
Now the head-quarters of Prince Gortscbakoff are at Bucharest ; and a glance at the map will show that Omer Pasha commands the Russian position . The Russians aro in want of supplies ; their troops are sick ; they have been twice beaten . A vigorous advance from Oltenitza on Bucharest would cut ofF the retreat of General Dannenberg on the Russian head-quarters , and leave him at tho mercy of the left wing of the Turks , reinforced probably by a fresh force from Sophia ; while tho Turkish centre , supported by the right wing from Kalarache , probably also reinforced from Schumla , would enable tho Turkish General to operate at once both on the front and tho left flank of the Russians disposed around Bucharest . Such would aeem to be the plan of tho Turks ; and as fur an can lit present bo judged , Prince Gortschakofl' is out-manoeuvred , and must retire on tho Prutli . Nor are Turkish successes confmud nlono to the Danube .
Sebm Pasha has defeated a body of Russians on the Asiatic frontier . Schamyl is in tho rear of Prince ; WoronzoJf ; and there is every probability that tho Russian army in Georgia will bo cut oil" . It is sa . d , that , on the 20 th of October , Massa Bey Hont a reconnoitring- party in tho direction , of Oiroek-dero . Tho Russians surprised and attacked this detachment on its march . Solim Pasha , attracted by tho noise of tho skirmish , advanced with reinforcements , and encountered a corps of 15 , 000 RuHsian . s , from Redout Kale " , and other points . An engagement took plait ;; the Russian forces wore routed , and Helim Pasha established his headquarters at . Orally , at tho distance ) of nix leagues from Ciroek-doro .
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Letters from tho Persian frontier state , that Mr . Thompson , tho . British Charge ^ ri'AilairH , whh present at tho manoeuvres in tho camp of Hultanieh . Tho Ambassadors of Russia and Turkey were not in the camp . Another fltory is , that the Alfghans have sent , an Ambassador to the Schah , entreating him to lake tho part , of Turkey , and threatening him , in cane of non-compliance , to march upon Ilnmadan . This news is confirmed by despatches which h ' . vvo arrived from Hhiraz . Tim KUHfllAN MANIFESTO . Tho following Declaration of Wnr is published in tho Journal do St . J ' otcrsourg of thc'J'Jnd October (; jrd Nov . ) : "By the grace of God , we , Nicholas L , Emperor niid Autocrat of All tho . 'Riinhiiih , < fec , malro known us follows : "By our manifesto of tho 14 th ( 2 ( 1 l . h ) of Juno of the present year , we made known to our faithful and dearly beloved subjects the motives which hud placed uh under the obligation of demanding from tho Ottoman Porte inviolable guaranteed in favour of the wiored right ?) of tho Orthodox Church . "We also announced to them that all our efforts to recal the Porto , l > y meaiiH of amicablo persuasion , to nentimonts of equity , mid to the faithful ol ) Horvunco of treaties , hud rcmaiuod unfruitful , and that wo luid conooquenUy
deemed it indispensable to cause our troops to advance into the Danubian Principalities ; but in taking this step we still entertained the hope that the Porte would acknowledge its wrong domgs , and would decide on acceding to our just , demands , " Our expectation has been deceived . " Even the chief Powers of Europe have sought in vain by their exhortations to shake the blind obstinacy of the Ottoman Government . It is by a declaration of war , by a proclamation filled with lying accusations against Russia , that it has responded to the pacific efforts of Europe , as well as to our spirit of long-suffering . At last , enrolling in the ranks ot its army revolutionary exiles from all countries , the Porte has just commenced hostiliities on the Danube
Russia is challenged to the combat , and she has no other course left her than , putting her trust in God , to have recourse to force of arms , and so to compel the Ottoman Government to respect treaties , and to obtain reparation for the insults with which it has responded to our most moderate demands , and to our legitimate solicitude for the defence of the Orthodox faith in the East , professed also by the people of Russia . " We are firmly convinced that our faithful subjects will join their prayers to those which we address to the Almighty , beseeching him to bless with His hand our arms in this just and holy cause , which has always found ardent defenders in our ancestors . In te Domine speravi , non eonfundar in oetermim . " Done at Tzarskoe Selo , the 20 th day of October ( 1 st of November ) , in the year of Grace 1853 , and the 28 th of our reign . "Nicholas . "
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The Moniteur of yesterday says— " By letter from Constantinople we learn that the French and English divisions anchored in the Bosphorus on the 2 nd , and Admirals Hamelin and Dundas were at Constantinople . Hostilities have commenced on the Asiatic borders as well as on the Danube . In Asia the Turks have gained advantages . " ; ¦ ; The followin g ' ~ coriditions are insisted on in an ultimatum presented by Omar pasha to Prince Gortscbakoff : — " All the strong-places in the Principalities to be given into the hands of the Turks immediately ; the complete evacuation of the Principalities as speedily as possible , and a guarantee of all the Powers ag-ainsfc similar invasion . "
The Russians , as the representatives of " order" and of the rights of property in the Principalities , have made extremely free with the public funds , not only of tho ' central but the district treasuries . The military authorities , too , fixes the price of provisions , and those who attempt to sell at the market price are flogged by the soldiery . It is said that bands of young Wallaclis have taken to the Carpathians , and intend to act as a guerilla . A private letter from Bucharest , dated October 18 , thus describes the conduct of the orthodox Christian invaders of the Principalities : —
" The hatred of the Russians is universal . Their conduct has aroused a terrible propagande against thcmsclveu Almost every house in this cit y has been compelled to billet soldiers , and those which are exempted from this nuisance aro subjected to a very heavy impost . All the large houses except those of the chief Boynrds have been converted into military hospitals . An epidemic prevails among the Russian troops ; about , 90 , 000 are sick . The Russian general has laid hands upon the national treasury . The employe ' s have not ; been paid their . salaries Jor a . month past . The night patrols are served entirely \> y the Russians . "¦ Th o very Boyards who sympathised with Kussia at first now detest , our invaders . " ' Martial law has been proclaimed'in Moldo Wullachia . Both the llospodars have left the Provinces .
M . de la Cour , the present ambassador at Constantinople , in to replace M . de Maupas ni , Naples . The diplomatic career of M . < k > . Maupns has been a short one . It is indicative of the progress of public foeling in Paris , relative to the Eastern question , that at the Grand Opera , ilunug tho representation of O ' vill ' attma Tell ,, the audience oagerly seized on nomo of the ullimions scattered through the piece in favour of liberty and independence , and applying them to tho present content between Russia and lurkey , loudly cheered the Turks , mlding Iho cry of ' „ £ bus les Itusses . '" on each occasion . The account , received of the victory gained over the Russians led to tho ticrnonstrntion . Tho French Government organs present a marked cimtrant to our leading journal . . According to the Times tho Russians can do nothing wrong , and ' the Turku nothing right . The I ' ayii mid the Constitutionncl denounce the arrogance of RuKsin , and extol the dignity and courncii of the Porto . U
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. Leopold , King of the Belgians , returning' (<> his own country , opens the Legislative Chambers . Tim royal speech , an royal speeches go , in a sat-iwlaetory document . Tho kinpj HpenltH of tho height to which the prosperity of . tlie nation has been brought by past legislation ; nud ho hcMh before bin people a full and varied list , of improvements which nliall canyon that prosperity , mul consolidate Belgian nationality . The now military organization'has augmented the meaiiM of defence . There i ' n Io be a hill for tho reduction of imports on raw material . And uUngc ( . lu * r tho prospects are very cheerful . > From ( Jermany we # < it . litljo political news ; no little in-< lei >( l that Mic caning of HasHejip / lug ' , tho scoundrel Miiiinter of the Elector of . Hesse Cawsc ! , which exploit , wan performed in tho ptrcoli hy the mm-in-law of tho Elector , in considered mi event . Npaiu has suffered ai lorn in one of her more liberal HtntcHrnen—Honor Mondizalml- who , whatever his nhorl , - couiingH , has the merit , of having ( ought with Riego , and having fluttered banishment for Jiih |) atriotimn . lie wan u ( inn friend to England . The ox-Quoon of tho French , the Duke of Nemourn , tho Diiln ; < l'Aiiinah « , and l ' rinco < lo Joinvillc , with tlmir wivdii iiavo boon vioithig Victor Ewuuuol nt Turin , and , aro now ( it Genoa .
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November 12 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 1083
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 12, 1853, page 1083, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2012/page/3/
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