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    pings not yet performed , and has cut do-vra the rest of the sentence to six months imprisonment . Sir John Young paid his first visit to Belfast , last week , and then proceeded to Armagh . At the former city the Harbour Commissioners gave a dinner in his honour , and in his after-dinner speech on behalf of the Lord-Lieutenant , he thus pictured the circumscribed duties of that functionary : — "I need scarcely tell you that the weight and amount of the duties incumbent on the Irish government have been very much curtailed , and its functions greatly

    limited and reduced . The principal part of the functions of the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland now consists in the preservation of order , and the due administration of the law . Thaother interests of Ireland have been happily merged in the general interests of England , and in that department receive the attention which they demand . The Lord-Lieutenant ' s functions , therefore , are now mainly confined to the preservation of peace and the administration of the law ; but I may say that , in a sincere desire for the welfare of Ireland , Earl Sfc . Germans yields to no other man in the empire . " ( Cheers . )

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    Eight copper-plate printers were tried before Mr . Justice Alderson at the Central Criminal Court , on Wednesday , for conspiring to obtain the dismissal of one Frederick Spence from his employment . The facts lie in a nut-shell . Spence and others were employed by the Messrs . Tallis . Some of the men struck , but Spence and others continued to work . Shortly after , Spence was discharged , and three days

    subsequently obtained work at the establishment of a Mr . Jackson . The men knew Spence had worked at Tallis ' s , and they held a " chapel , " excluding him from the deliberations . At the end of the week he was discharged . On asking the reason , why , the foreman told him that the men had said that they should not like to work with him . Mr . Justice Alderson said , that the evidenee failed to establish the cose , and the jury acquitted the defendants .

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    Satukday , December 3 . Little , except gossip , has arrived by way of news this inorning ; we append it as we find it . It is stated upon good authority that the [ French Government has received the answer of the Emperor Nicholas to the last of the pacific propositions which have emanated from Austria . ' In that answer the Czar declares that he cannot accept of any project of arrangement that does not issue direct from Turkey , and that henceforth the fate of arms must decide the question . The following details , taken from the Observateur Beige of Thursday , respecting the rejecting of the Austrian note—the last one on the tapis—will be found interesting ; I have grounds for believing that they are correct : —

    Lord Cowley was at Fontainbleau when he learned that the Cabinet ot London was inclined to accept the Austrian proposition . The language of the Emperor on learning this news betrayed great irritation , and his behaviour became cold nnd reserved . Lord Cowley lost no time in returning from Fontainbleau to Paris , whence he immediately expedited a courier to London , and in forty-eight hours afterwards Lord Cowley informed the Emperor that ho had received from Lord Clarendon a despatch intimating

    the intention of his Government to reject the Austrian proposition , nnd containing the proposal to demand of Austria explanations concerning her neutrality . From that moment the former most friendly understanding between the Emperor and the Ambassador wns restored . 1 to has been hoard several times to declare , " I am still a partisan of peace ; but just as resolved to make war , if this bo to assist the good cause of Turkey , and deliver Europe from the tutelage of liussia . "

    A telegraphic despatch from Vienna says that "the Austrian Cabinet lends its most strenuous support to the Servian declaration of neutrality in the war between Turkey and Russia . The Porte , on the other hand , does not sanction that neutrality , and it has informed the ( Servian Government that if Htrategetical necessity Hhould command it , the Sultan would make use of his power an Suzerain , and inarch his troopa through Scrvin . " The Turkish Government lias issued a strict prohibition againat th « granting of letters of marque . A British Htcamcr lias arrived at Varna to take off the . ' British Consul to Constantinople .

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    Count Schwcrin , the- iormer President of the Second PruHHian Chamber , lias boon re-elected by 13 ( 5 votes against 12 . ' $ , given to Prince I fohenlolu ) . The Confaloniere , M . ] Mni , w . ih stabbed with a clatter on the night , of the 2 dth ultimo . The UHHassin CMUiiped . The police are on liin track .

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    Sir Edward M'Donnell , chairman of tho Great ( Southern Jind Western i . tjiilway , has boon elected Lord M < 'i . y 7 ) V '( 5 tM > iil « Jin . ^ l ) r the cumiing year . M - > l . i . A o . £ ¦ „ .. x > l Z

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    TO HEADERS AND CORRESPOITOENTS . The writer on the subject of Mr . Thackeray ' s allusion to Washin ^ on wiU no doub t have been s atiafied ty the lett er that appeared in our paper of last week . " Eusticus" shall receive our attention . " A Jesuit Philosopher" in our next . It is impossible to acknowledge the mass of letters we receive Their insertion is often delayed , owing to a press or matter , and when omitted , it is frequently from reasons quite independent of the merits of the communication . All letters for the Editor should bo addressed to 7 , Wellingtonstreet , Strand , London . Communications should always be legibly written , and on one side of the paper only . If long , it inoreases the difficulty of findiner snace for them .

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    appears on the surface ; another part is still understood , although not so generally seen ; and a third part diplomacy still succeeds in veiling . We fear that the object of England still is , if possible , to " hush up . " We say that we fear it , because we regard any such process as impracticable , and the attempt at it is only to waste time , to place England in an equivocal * position , and to run the risk of the necessity for much greater sacrifices than would be demanded by a policy prompt and vigorous . If we attach the slightest faith to the report which the Vienna correspondent of tho Morning Chronicle gives of a conversation with a Uussian nobleman of distinction , it is because that conversation has an internal air of verisimilitude .

    PEOGRESS AND DIFFICULTY OF THE ABSOLUTIST CONSPIRACY . Thb contest commenced on the banks of the Danube has already , in fact , been transferred to the banks of the Rhine ; and although it is now carried on only in the form of preparations and preliminary inquiries respecting alliances to be formed , it demands far more solicitude than the contest between the Russians and the Turks . It is a contest between the North-East and the South-West . Gigantic intrigues ara evidently on foot to break up the alliance of the West , and to place the whole of Europe at the mercy of the North . Some part of these manoeuvres

    The Russian nobleman may be a gossip ; but the actions of his master certainly suggest tho interpretation which the " distinguished" person puts upon them . Russia , he says , docs not fear a twenty years' war ; she does not even mind having her ships and sea-port towns destroyed on the Black Sea and in tho Baltic , because English capital would suffer , and she still possesses her army , with tho prospect of establishing herself in Constantinople . Now , whatever tho Russian nobleman may say , tho conduct of Russia for a long time past suggests such a policy . Tho only question is , whether sho is stronger than Europe P There is no reason to

    suppose that she is . Tho Circassians have hold her in check ; tho Turks have boon able to give her pause ; and tho mere diplomatic intervention of England , with tho first aspect of English fleets in tho Black Soa , puts her to all her tricks for tho purpose of avoiding more positive action on tho part of tho West . It appears to us , that Russia , although boasting so loudly , is conscious of her weakness ; and if England would uso them , tlioro aro instruments on tho borders of Russia , herself that might bo employed to subdue , if not |; o break up that great empire , and give it in piooos as tho reward for those who did tho work . Groat ; as lior army may bo on paper , it novor brings into t , ho Hold ro many as aro flout ; and , as wo peso in Wallaoliia , it is obliged to cripple its own forces by tho punishments of imprisonment mid death necessary to check , desertion , as well amongst its Russian forced conscripts and convict recruits , its amongst tho alien tribes whom it drags into its ranks . Captain ftlado , who has succeeded 8 ir Baldwin Walk or in command of tjxo OMonjau navy , expresses his

    confidence in making short work with the crazy " gun-boxes" of Russia , wherever he meets them . The four steam-frigates which our ' Government has sent into the Black Sea to push a reconnaissance along the Asiatic coast , will make further discoveries of Russian strength . Sebastopol is regarded as a castle- of ¦ cards : and Admiral Dundas has expressed a strong desire to try what he can do with that impregnable arsenal . British officers make no secret of sharing the Admiral ' s impatience ; for it is anticipated that the heavy guns of the forts would bring down , not the enemy , but the forts themselves . Russia is weak in her outworks and in the political tissue of the State , and she could not stand

    alone . Austria is helping her under the guise of neutrality—Austria , whose arrogance provokes retaliation , while her weakness invites summar y treatment . An elaborate attempt has been made to show that she is not insolvent ; for her deficit last year was only 54 , 000 , 000 florins . But last year was not alone in exhibiting a deficit : there had been previous deficits of 62 , 000 , 000 florins , 55 , 000 , 000 , and even 122 , 000 , 000 in 1849 . Such is the statement in a work on the Present State

    of the Finances and Currency of Austria , which has been put forth from official sources , and circulated in all the countries of Europe , evidently with the object of restoring Austrian credit . JNW why is that done ? because Austria , having more than once failed in negotiating a loan , is now in pressing need of money . And what are the sources which the apologists of Austrian finance represent as the means for making good her promises ? First of all , there is reduction of her military expenditure—a recent furlough of an extensive kind : but it is well known that that

    furlough has subsequently been ' in part countermanded , because the position of Servia at once demands and invites the preparations of Austria , either to defend her frontier or to take advantage of further troubles in Turkey for the purpose of seizing the province which Austria covets . Any extension of the war too would first bring the conflagration within Austrian dominions ; and if the apologists plead the troubles of 1849 , as the reason for the great deficit and enormous expenditure in that year , how can they assure us

    that 1854 will not give the same valid reasons for a further inroad on Austrian finance P They cannot do it . Two other grand sources on which she reckons , are , the productive powers of Lombardy , and the taxable capacities of Hungary . Lombardy , which has but an eighth of the Austrian Empire , has furnished a quarter of its revenue ; and under the screw of Radetzsky and his subordinates , she is now said to bo " repairing her recent loss "—that is , recovering from tho effects of Austrian tvrannv . The apologists of Austrian

    finance say , that one reason for the deficiency has been that Hungary has not contributed her share to the taxes ; and she has now to be placed under the financial screw much more severely than when , sho possessed that constitution which Austrian officials deride . Thus Austria depends for tno wealth which is to sustain her credit on two two most disaffected provinces of her empire . Wnac would any underwriter or insurance office chargefor guaranteeing to Austria tho continued noflaeasimi of T . ombardv and Hungary P \ n °

    insurance would bo a heavy item in Austrian expenditure if it could bo effected . Tho boasted sources of Austrian strength arc her wcaicness ; and while the present system is sullerecl to continue , those to whom Austria is really an enemy , preserve to her the half of a revenue ot which a European war would at onco deprive Jioi . The Powers that forbear , do , in fact , give to her tho sinews of war for keeping down a largo poition of Europe , the best portion of her own empiro ,

    under martial law . That Austria is making preparations hostile to the West ; is evident from the countenance given to the reconciliation of the Bourbon iamiiy . Henry V . of Franco , to whom tho polite JJuko do Nemours has just been reconciled , has « bo obtained tho adhesion of several French g «" ™ ' « » the Duke promising his Cousin a promptr catenation to the French throne . All this has been dono under tho immediate eye of tho Kniperor ot A « htria , who entertains tho two allied princes at ™ own table , in other words , tht ^ Royalist countorrcvolution in Franco is undergoing aclive I < " paration by two Bourbons residing at tlio co of the Emperor of Austria , of course "Wi Uit no connivance of Russia . A oountor-rovolution m

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    The ffyy , ^ i ! dimtyi-. iifi )\ 'ius tho Australian Itoynl Mail C <> jn |> j ^ y , ;^ jViMH i /| | ij ^; a . jiiai'hbiilrct _ "' y « " fl $ trr « lay , but no ' decision nrnv mO ^ tyX ' % 'ty-yif *} it io Hlatfl , jjjfyt the . connntuulor of tho JfMfMti ^ rn } ,, ilia ' mim ) r , oik ! tho Mir / joon , wore examined , jumI Ijtfjfc ^ hey lift , rlednrod tho pt ' oviHionH supplied to bo oxrolmif' in rjiwiii'V , tr ' iicl almudunb | ' in ([ luin'ity ; and , denied in dotiUl TuOHt of tho other < illoj . fHtJonn of tho pafiHoit £ < irH . The . ra ilway ncci < U'nt jiI ; - Ityrldimupstead Mould luivo Iifdii ni ;' . c ; nfl |< ; ( lN"rith twrjoir . V results hud it not been for the pivticiico of liiiiiilrTitd euf- 'r ' ^ y . ' ol' h litrin-liihourer , who ran down tho lino and titonpod the express , by cdtouting at the cud of tho tunnel , imrl waving Itib cap .

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    There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the -world is by the very la-woi its creation in eternal progress—Dh . Abnoed .

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    SATURDAY , DECEMBEB 3 , 1853 .

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    . TTfU THE LEADER . [ Saturda y

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 3, 1853, page 1164, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2015/page/12/