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We alluded , last week , to the mischief of what , by a ludicrous mis-use of terms , is called the science of Teleology , in other words , the Final Causes energetically named by Bacon , "barren virgins . " When Goethe , ridiculing these Final Causes , said that they proved cork trees . to have been created for the purpose of stopping ginger-beer bottles , he said laughingly no more than many say gravely . The various parasites which we observe growing on plants and animals , frequently making their nest a cause of destruction to the plant or animal , seem rather puzzling , teleologically . You doubtless know that there is not one plant only , but a whole flora , growing in the living tissues of animals ; ( Charles Robin , ' i i
the French anatomist , has written a thick volume , detailing and classifying them . ) You also know that there are large classes of animals—a small fauna—living in living animals , making themselves most familiarly at home l and often requiting hospitality with poison . In the last volume of the Annales des Sciences Naturelles , among other curiosities which from time to time we shall communicate , there is a paper on the acari which deposit their eggs in sparrows and snails—two peculiar genera , which have their historians . It appears that the acarus spins a white silky web on the base of the sparrow ' s thigh , or on the forepart of its body . On delicately raising this web you perceive little eggs , young
acart , the skins they have shed , and one or more females , who , in constructing the nest , have taken care to provide an issue . Teleologically . this plan is admirable . It is true the young acari are abundantly destroyed , by the bird ' s beak ; but one must run some risk , you know ! If , however , we turn from the acarian point of view to that of the bird , who is forced to peck , because he itches , the " design" seems less benevolent ; true , one may endure a little itching , if the existence of another depend on it , only one could wish the existence had a less unpleasant dependance ; but when one ' s own existence is to be the sacrifice , the question assumes another and a graver aspect .
Ingenious as the " design" of the acarus is , with reference to his sparrow ' s nest , we see a more ingenious effort still , when he has to tackle the snail , the surface of whose body presents two conditions unfavourable for nidification : 1 st , it is constantly moist ; 2 nd , it is constantly rubbing against the shell , and the surfaces of the objects over which the snail crawls . What is the acarus to do P There and there only can its little ones be developed , ( for the sparrow ' s enemy is another species , ) there and there only will it build its nest . The snail has a pulmonic orifice , which he dilates , to allow the air to penetrate his respiratory cavity . The
acarus " bides her time , " and , when her eggs are ready , she slips through that orifice , lays them in the folds of the mucous membrane , where they are cozily housed and gradually devohrped . When their growth is perfect they slip out of the orifice , as it dilates , and then proceed to select some portion of the snail ' s body , in which to live comfortably . A teleologisl ; would point out how admirably adapted this mucous membrane whs , for the purpose of developing the young acari ; but nothing , is gained by such explanations , and , meanwhile , science is obstructed by them .
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The very remarkable Professor of Greek now possessed by the University of Edinburgh , John Stuakt Hi . ackik , has just published his Jvtrodiu'lory . Lecture on tho JAning Language of the Greeks and its utility to the Classical Scholar , wlun-ein ho makes suggestions destined , "we beliovo , to effect the greatest change made in the study since the revival of learning . Our own reiterated complaints against the precious tune and . labour wasted by the majority of " educated" men in acquiring
<> ignorance o ( Creek , arc obviated , to a great extent , by Professor J > i'Aein . i < : \ s suggestions , Awhile the advantages of possessing a practical n <'<] ii ; untiuico with (< reek are secured . The thing is not worth its J > 'ii-cIhi . ho money , and \ n rarely given even when the money in paid . •' ¦<> spend the bout years of your education in not acquiring Greek , is ¦ o beguile tutors and parents into tho belief that you have received a " '' bom ! . education ; " but ; , after all , that beguilement is not of eminent
n" |)() i'iJinc (; . Professor JJi . ack us points to an issue : ho proven that ; t *» "eelc- iN a living not a dead language ? , and consequently should be studied i \ h living languages' are studied . Got his pamphlet and l ' wul it . - -
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" ^¦¦¦¦¦ iMMMMMMH ^ HnnMiWMMH HARYEST-HOME . By Sredebkk Tennyson Come let us mount the breezy down , Her red lip and her soft blue eye And hearken to the tumult blown Mate the poppy ' s crimson dye , ¦ Up from the champaign and the town . ' And the corn-flowers waving by ; ' j elj % Ws , smooth shadows sweet , I see the sire with bronzed chit : ' Swiftly oercroft and valley fleet , Mad babes amid the blithe unrest And flood the hamlet at our feet ; Seem leaping- from the mother ' s - Its groves , its . hall , its grange that stood breast ; When Bess was Queen , its steeple The mighty youth , and supple child n ™ nV * ** , 7 7 ' g ° * h , the yellow sheaves arc piled , Its mtll that patters % n the wood ; The toil is mirth , the mirth is wild ! And follow where the brooklet curls , Old lipid inr 7 o ,, ™ e i ^ Seaward , or in cool shadow whirls , O ' er tL wtrn J " ^ peOTS Or silveiy o ' er its cresses purls . DroWdTn ^ tlT' ^ ^ j ¦ . r J-rown ( i amicl the wavitio * ears * The harvest days are come again , _ Barefoot urchins run , and h-de The vales are surging with the grain ; In IlolIows - twixt ^ The merry work goes on amain ; Toward the tall sheaf , ^ * ™ ° Pale streaks of cloud scarce veil the blue , T , . Against the golden harvest hue Lx ffl pleaaures , hob-nail'd fun , The Autumn trees look fresh and new ; { hr ?^ mto the noonday sun , , „ ..,,,, , . , , And mid the meny reapers run . Wrinkled brows relax "with glee , And aged eyes they laugh to see Draw the clear October out ; The sickles follow o ' er the lea ; Another , and another bout , t j -u r-ij . li u- j ? 'j -i Then back to labour with a shout ! I see the httle kerchief d maid With dimpling cheek , and boddice The banded sheaves stand orderly staid , Against the purple Autumn sjcy , 'Mid the stout striplings half afraid ; Like armies of Prosperity . That is a very fanciful image ; tke close is still more like the accents of the elder brother : —¦ Yet , when the shadows eastward seen Dies away , and leaves me lone O ' er the smooth-shorn fallows lean , With dim ghosts of years agone , And Silence sits where they have Summers parted , glories fiown ; been , Till day beneath the West is roll'd , Till grey spire and tufted wold . . ¦ , _ ' ' . Purple in the evening ookl . Amid the gleaners I will stay , ,.- . , ,, ¦ ¦ v , n , . j . 1 t , ¦ . . i , Memories , when old age is come , While the shout and roundelay Are stniy ears thafc § ecJ £ the ^^ Faint off , and daylight dies awaj ; And echoes of the Harvest-home . While on the subject of poetry , let us not forget that llomsivr Bell ' s edition of the EnglisJb Poets , in half-crown volumes , is to commence in January with the works of Dutden ; and that the author of The Roman is soon to appear with a new poem . And although the day is gone by when the poetry of a working man . can excite more astonishment than that of any other man , yet Gerald Massey ' s forthcoming volume will no doubt challenge attention . Returning to this number of Fraser , we find a pictorial , suggestive , and instructive paper on the Crystal Palace at Sy&cnham , its rise , progress , and prospects ; an amusingly instructive paper on Poultry ; more erudite gossip on Fish ; a good review of Donaldson ' s Varrouiauus and JVcto Cratyhis ; and other papers . Other Magazines wo must defer till next week .
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° Critics are not ' the legislators , but the judges and police of literature . They do not make laws-they interpret and try to enforce fhem ^ Edinbmgh Btvieiv . '
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B ^ iMfefeft 3 , 1853 . ] tHE LEADER , utiQ
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BOOKS ON OUR TABLE . I Handhooh of Greek Chronoloi / y . By John Turner . ft . Griffin and Co-Handbook of Scripture ami Marly Oriental Chronology . V , y John Turner . Jl . ( irillin and Co . Handbook of Roman Chronohxjy . . 'B y John Turner . ' It . ( Jrillin and Co . ' I The . Future of tin ; Human Race . By Robert Owen . [•) WilHon ' A Treatise on the Science of Manic . Hy . 1 ) . M . G . S . TteevoH . , 1 A Novello ' I The Young Voi / ai / eur . i ; or , the Boy Hunters in the North . J 5 y Captain Miiyno Reid ' 1 ) Boi'iio ' I Mis * Corner ' s Scriptural Jlixtory Simplified . Revised by . ) . Kitto , D . D ., &c T Dean iind Son ' V-r » MRw-k *<> tUiretitXrUm » amllrehind . By John Culvert . Chapman and Hull " . m' " " / , ho ! < ' -t ?> " < ¦ , ' l - h' }' o < f-iM' *™ af « , < fr- - By C . T . Jlrowno . Ch « 1 Mnan and Hall . I The Hermit . A Novel . By 10 . Carlcn . 4 voIh . 'i' (! Ne \ v )) V I The National Miscellany . Vol . 1 . Odice Kxe / cr-sln'c ' f The Hhtory of Jintilamljrom the IiarlicM Times to the Final l ^ tablixhmenl of tfi r ' iirformatioi ! By . lui Kijrlifc 1 on . hir . Janu > n Muekinlonli . New Kdilioii . liwimul by ( . he AiKIioi- ' k Hun K . . 1 . MiiclunloHh . 2 vols . J i .,,,,,,.,,,.,,, ., i < - „ Iho At he PhdoHopher in L ' aris . From the French of Kmilo HouvcHtni . ( The . Traveller ' a f . ibnin / . ) I J T > I » / - n -tr i ¦ , » . l / Oll ^ niJIII . 'Illll ('() . A Bundle of Croivqmils , tlropprtl hy Alfred OrwvquiU . ( i Roullcd' -e and (! o Western India . Reports uchlrewd to the Chambers of Commerce of Manchester " Liverpool Jllticl-buru . and . aUctujmc , by { heir Commissioner , the late Alexander Mackaii , A ' . sv / KWiled liy . 1 . Itoliort . son . iv , . |||| uiiel Cddko The Coimti / e of the British Empire . By 11 . N . HtunphreyH . Nil / ii ' : iniel Cookc ' J he Illustrated bamily Mucud AI manacle for 1 H 5-1 . \ V . S . On- and (! o Unsays on At / ricit / fiire . Hy TlionwiN ( Jisborne . ' John Mumiy " Th <> Autobiography of a Mm-l ' tmud Note ,. ItyMiuJ . 15 . Wcbl ) . Clarke , lie . 't . on and Co JutssHi . tit- the Rii / ht ; or , the Other Side , ( f the Turkish Question , liy J . JUo . srly , H . C . K . \ , T /•/ , cv Clarke , Itenlon , and Co . A Lay of the Sea . V . \ nvU \ Heolon , and Co . J he Nr . wvomb j * . No I If . Bnulbury and Kva . m . . / he hm / linh ( , / c / opudta . No . VIT . Braillmry and MvaiiH m-itin yyiJ l ) on ,, las . lerrold . J'lmjs . ' /'/ inch Ollieo ! J he Natanml . Miscellany . Ollhui , \> : * i > U > r- » i . rwL . table lummy . A l-ee ( . uro by Iho Rev . It . W . Dilxlin , M . A . Ayloll , and Co JUvtory ill the Constituent . AhshiiiIi /// . Uy Alphoime do LanmWine . V ol I . Vi / c ' lelly and Co ' A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Jiio JVet / ro . liy A . It , . Wallace . kVev ' e and Co ' . //// . Dublin ¦ ¦ University Miu / uzinc . ' . 1 . MeOla . shan ' leaser „ Magazine . j . \ y . I ' nrker an . t Son " Mackwoo , / sMayazine . . yv . Blaekw . xul , u . « l Son . / ho JtliiHtratcd London Matjnzhc . I'iiier and Co <>> -r ' * (! Jr' < lo of the Sciences ! Nn . I . W . H . On- and Co ' . he . Uwtoruylliducator . j ,, im < ; , , ( ,, ; he JUiiHtnUvd MtMozinn of Art . . 1 ,, hn ( : „„„« . ! I he hodd Ifannly Abroad . . Cliapinan and Hull J ho I artttiou . oj Turkey an . . ftulittpnmtiMn Feature of the Vreae . nl Political Crinis . liy Veri ( an . ' „ ,, , ^ ,, ( Iliapniiiii and Hall Mae Ultoman Junpiro and its Rtwurccs . Hy 10 . II . MieholMon . . Ninipkin , JMarrilnill . and ( Jo *
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AK . JYOl / n'H 1 'O . HMS . Toonm . My Mnttliow Arnold . A . JVow Mdiljon . Vvkw 6 a . ( id . JiOii ^ inan and Co . | HKOOJNI ) MVVlOhK . J IIavino in a previous article ( HhcuhhcxI th (^ propositions of Mr . . A rnold ' s preface , imd tried to coin <» to an nndei-HtaiHliiig on tlio hu ' |> j <>^ I , of \ im criticid pn ^ oepts , wo Jiavo now to couaidor liia practice , nnd to read Iuh pooma hi the light of hie proeoptH .
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i here rwidh to ho an awakening of the pooti (! impulse , consequently au ln ( 'I % * 'a . H ( ul ( leniund for poetry just now . . Not to mention familiar jiiinioH , luvro in n , name now in the regions of poetry , . John JUjhkin , •'" raided to tho world by that truly excellent jMipor , Tito JWmhurgh " «« rdian ; horo , ji . Lso , in a volume of poenus ]> y Fkkdnkkmc T . iflN . NY 8 o . N , "nouiHH ^ d lor speedy publication ; and from the ninglo poeju publirtliod ' !• rn " Ulou ( ' ' ' M'ascr , wo pr (!< lict n , volume not unworthy oi' iho name -u ^ JX iN Ya ojtf . llore it is , shorn , oi" hali ' -ix-do '/ Mii etanzaw : —
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 3, 1853, page 1169, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2015/page/17/
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