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Leader (1850-1860), 17th December 1853, Edition 1 of 2, Page 1208, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      4000 of its defenders and made a rash attempt to cross Italy to the Adriatic , thus hoping to make his way by sea to Venice , where the last ray of Italian liberty still lingered . He was quickly surrounded , with Austrian troops from Fiorence , Bologna , and Ancona , and lie reached with difficulty , with a portion of his force , the little republic of San Marino ; here 900 men gave up their arms to the authorities of the republic . ' who , as authorities of an independent state , proposed to make terms for them with the Austrians . They were , however , made prisoners and sent to Mantua , many of them first being ignominiously flogged . Garibaldi and about 300 companions reached tlic shore , and embarking during the night on . board some fishing boats , made sail towards Venice : as morning dawned the wind-fell ,

      and two Austrian steamers were in sight . Some boats were taken , others sunk , and two only , I believe , reached the shore near Rimini ; in one of these were Garibaldi and his wife , a lady of the Brazils , who had insisted on accompanying her husband on his retreat from Kome . Garibaldi and his companions immediately . separated themselves , as the only chance of escape , and carrying his wife in his arms , who was unable to support herself from fatigue , left the shore and , went inland . Two days afterwards he appeared at the cottage of a peasant , still carrying his wife , and asked for water to be given to her , but " she expired as he put it to her lips . His companions were hunted about , and most of them shot down like beasts of chase . Two months later Garibaldi arrived at Genoa , having passed through the midst of the Austrian forces in various disguises , and he who had always refused to enrich himself by war , who disdained self-interest , and

      defied all perils in devotion to a rioblo cause , now thinks it no dishonour to cam his living as the captain of a merchant vessel trading between China and America . He has been called a brigand and a leaderof Condottieri ; but let -those who reflect compare Garibaldi with the French and Austrian . generals whom he fought against in Italy . Among the companions of Garibaldi who were made prisoners was a priest named UgoBassi , who had distinguished himself during the siege of Rome by riding unarmed among the combatants , consoling and assisting the dying and wounded . He was sent to Bologna , where , by order of the Papal authorities , he had the skin peeled from the crown of his head aud from the thumb and two first fingers of his ri « ht hand , and , when this Christian-like' ceremony was performed—which was considered to remove his priesthood—lie was t urned over to the Austrians to be shot !"

      " Such , " continues the traveller , " was the fate of the remnant of that brave army of volunteers which had defended Rome , composed of men from all ranks of I iff , in which the nobleman , the peasant , and youths who had left the peaceful study of professions and the arts , fought side by side , united in love for their country ; their courage had been wasted , and their force consumed in resisting France , at a moment when most needed against the Austrians . The Austrian power in Lombardy rested on a volcano , ready to burst beneath her feet . The battle of Novara , bo suddenly and decisively won , checked its explosion , but it still existed , and snch a resistance to the Austrian forces as the French encountered at Rome might at that moment have influenced the fate of Italy . And these defenders of Rome have been calumniated as a band of desperadoes , of soldiers of adventure , of anarchists , and revolutionists of all nations ! In vain the French envov , Lesseps , wrote to his Government the

      unwelcome truth , that Koine was defended chiefly by those classes which in Paris defend tliecau . se of order ; hs wns unheeded in the necessity which the Freueh Government was under of justifying the siege by any means , and imputing it to any motive but the true one The death of Rossi—the act of a single man—was paraded us the crime of a whole people . The man who had come forward almost alone to support by his talent and reputation the Papal Government in its now open hostility to Italian freedom , who had not an ally , who would hurdly have found a gendarme to obey him , who stood alone opposed to a whole city , whose power mu . st have fallen of itself in a few days , did more harm io the Romans b y his death than he could have done while living . The Republic was said to have been founded on an assassination , and unworthv to exist , and 2 , 000 Italians died at Rome to defend it . In Franco the lower and middling cla . ss-s had learnt to distrust each other ; the violence of the Socialists produced a reaction , a retrograde spirit , and Italy suffered for this . Its results were the re-ei > tabli » hment of

      the Papal authority , and the present despotism in France . " Should a day of deliverance ever arrive for Italy , it is difficult to foretell what effect it may have upon tho ' ltoinun Catholic Church . The temporal power of the Pones being wrested from thorn , their spiritual power would bo used without moderation or remorse to recover it , as it ia now used for its defence ; hence must arise a resistance , an opposition to the spiritual power also . "

      The letter , as our readers will sec , is ably and feelingly written ; and its importance is certainly heightened by its publication in the Times .

      Untitled Article

      THE NORTHERN STRIKES . Tub following address to the " Master Spinners and Manufacturers of PreKtoli , " has been just issued : — For a considerable- period you an . l your consociatcs throughout Lnneashii-0 havo bison bu ily engaged in propagating , the notion that trade , especially the cotton branch of it , wn . s ia n depressed condition , and that consequently you would not be warranted in raising tlio wages of your workpeople by 10 per cent . I do not , specifically allude to the last placard you issued , though , of course , the

      statement is found there . Early in November you addressed to your workpeople a kind of manifesto , which distinctly inti mated that trade was ' bad , ' muj this intimation him boin again and again iterated by your confrere * all over tlio country . Now , will you bo kind enough to reconcijk ? the statements so kmIuouhIv - disseminated with the tables pub * linhed by the Bofcrd of Trade ? Either you or the ofliduls of that board are guilty of misrepresentation ; for what you aver to be true und what their ligiucM teach mo directly ut variance with each other . 1 bcir to direct your attention

      to the following figures—exhibiting , as they do , a most satisfactory condidion of the trade of the nation generally , as well as of your own . For the 10 months ending the 5 th of November , 1852 , the declared value of all kinds' of goods exported was 59 , 247 , 101 / . For the 10 months ending the 5 th of November , 1853 , the declared value of the quantity exported amounted to the enormous sum of 73 , 155 , 755 ? . This sum represents an extraordinary degree of activity in trade , of which your branch has certainly derived its proportionate share of benefit . Now , let us look at the aggrein the month

      gate value of all kinds of goods exported ending the 5 lh of November . 1852 , and the corresponding month of the present year . For the month ending the 5 th of November , 1852 , the value of goods exported was 4 , 855 , 6667 For the month ending the . 5 th of November , 1853 , the value is returned as fi , 168 , G 267 . Thus you perceive that 1 ,-812 , 9 ' GOi more of the goods which England lias to export wen ? sent abroad in the month ending the 5 th of November , 1853 , than in the month ending the 5 th of November , 1852 . You will probably think this might be the case , and yet that the cotton and woollen trades might , nevertheless , be on the

      decline . " Let us see what information on this point the tables of the Board of Trade will yield to the public . For the month ending the 5 th of November , 1852 , the value of the cotton manufactures exported was 1 , 460 , 483 / . ; for the month ending the 5 th of November , 1853 , the value of the same kind of goods was 1 , 560 , 791 / ., being an increase over the corresponding month of last year of goods to'the value of 103 , 308 / . For the ' month ending the 5 tti of November , 1852 , the value of cotton-yarn exported was 409 , 079 / . ; for the corresponding month of the present year the value is returned as 597 , 736 / ., of

      being an increase over the same month of last year no less a sum than 128 , 655 / . For the month ending the 5 th of November last ' year woollen manufactures and woollenyarns were exported to the value ol 620 , 495 / . ; during the corresponding month of the ' present year the value of woollen manufactures and woollen-yarns exported is returned as 757 , 736 / ., being an increase of 137 , 241 / . These facts speak for themselves . It is for you and your scribes to explain them if you can , and to reconcile them with the alleged depress : on in trade ; otherwise , whatever for the future you may say on this subject will be deemed worthy of very little consideration . ¦

      '" I do not deny that this general increase of the trade of the country is compatible with the depression of particular branches ; but , if . so in your case , it is evidently local and temporary in character and duration . In fact , if you were to have six months of ' bad trade ' every five or six years , that would be no reason why you should attempt to''grind the faces' of your workpeople . During such incidental occurrences , be satisfied , like other tradesmen , if you can make both ends meet and leave the wages of your hands alone . It will be much better for yourselves and others to

      run short time during such emergencies than to attempt to reduce the wages of your workpeople . If you do not bear this in mind , some af you will live to see your children reap the bitter fruits of conduct almost without parallel for the folly and blunders by which it has been characterised . I have no wish to see'Anything but all classes in this country free , prosperous , and happy ; but remember it will be intolerable ( and will bring retribution if you persist in the attempt ) for all the effects of free trade , of the discoveries in Australia , and of the mechanical ingenuity of the country , to find their way into the pocketa of such a small section of the community as yours . "

      What the men may expect , is shown by the following anecdote , which we quote from the Leeds Intelligencer : — " A Lancashire cotton-spinrer with whom we had ji conversation a few days ago , and whose premises are in the strike district , said , ' W « cave the advance , and so our hands are still at work . But when the strike is over and the mills are all going stgiin , of course we shall pull them down at the first opportunity . ' "

      The bottle-makers of the Tyne have obtained 2 a advance , and so their strike is at an end . Reports from Glasgow speak of a strike as im minent amongst the cotton operatives of that town The cause is a cointemplatcd reduction of wages .

      Untitled Article

      IIEAXTII OF LONDON . ( From the Registrar- GeneraFa Returns . ' ) This present return discovers a decrease of mortality in London on the two previous weeks , but it still indicates a not very favourable state of the public health . The deaths registered in the last four weeks were 1162 , 1339 , 1414 , and ( in the week that ended last Saturday ) 1308 . In the ten weeks corresponding to last week of the years 1843-52 , the average number was 1215 , which , if raised in proportion to increase of population , becomes 1337 . The actual number of deaths being 1308 , it differs but to a small extent from the estimated amount .

      The increase in the deaths caused by diseases of the respiratory organs has been the principal feature of lute rcturiiB . The numbers referred to this class have been in the last four weeks 180 , 2 !) 7 , 379 , and 313 . From phthisis hi the tubercular class they were in the sutmi periods 133 , !<><> , 175 , and 157 . Last week bronchitis was fatal in 159 cases , while the corrected average of ton corresponding weeks ( in 1843-52 ) was I | 3 ; pneumonia was fatal in 142 , while the same . average was 134 . Typhus and hoopingcough predominate at present amongnt epidemic diseases , the former numbering 04 fata ] cases , the latter GO . ' ¦ ¦ T j-phus shows an increased tendency to prevail . Cliolerii r « j > idly declines ; it reached its maximum iu the first week of November , when the

      deaths were 102 ; in the five subsequent weeks th *> have been 98 , 72 , 46 , 28 , and ( last week ) 13 . * Last week the births of 833 boys and 790 girls in all 162 S children , were registered in London . ln ? £ eight corresponding weeks of the years 1845-52 th average number was 1397 . At the Royal Observatory , Greenwich , the mean height of the barometer in the week was 30 001 in The mean temperacure of the week was 398 dee which is rather below the average of the same weekin thirty-eight years . The mean dew point temne . rature was 38 0 deg . e "

      Untitled Article

      MISCELLANEOUS . The Court is still at Osborne . L 6 rd Aberdeen and Lord John Kusseli have visited the Queen this week . The Duke and Duchess of . Brabant went home on Monday .

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      After all , Lord Paget will not stand for South Staffordshire ; the Liberals have lost their labour , and will have to seek a new candidate . [ This is a Tory report ; and , we are informed , not correct . } All'hope of opposing Mr . John O'Connell has been abandoned ; and there is little doubt but that he will be Member for Clonmel before we can go to press . The ladies of Durham , taking pity on the wretched case of Lord Adolphus Vane , who was ousted from the representation of the city , on petition , have consoled him with a snuffbox and a diamond ring . When those valuables were presented to his lordship , on Tuesday , he was " deeply affected , " saith the reporter ; but with what , said reporter saveth not . The widow , of the Ettrick Shepherd has obtained a pension at hist . The Queen has granted her 50 / . a year .

      Mr . Cobden has been on a visit at Oxford . On Tuesday he was present at the examination in the School of Law and Modern History . A son of Solouque , Emperor of Hayti , is at present in England . He calls himself M . Dalval . Jenny Lind has been singing at a concert at Dresden . This is her first public appearance in Europe since her marriage and return from America . John Mitchell landed in New York on the 29 th November . The Irish received him with exulting demonstrations ; and the militia regiments serenaded him . The Cambridge Independent prints a circular which has been sent to the leading Dissenters , inviting them to subscribe for a testimonial to the Keverend Mr . Maurice , whose dismissal by the authorities of King's Collego has excited so much public notice .

      l ' uisley hau declared upon the JRusso-Turkish question . At a meeting on Monday , the Provost in the chair , resolu * tions in favour of supporting the Turks were adopted . Maidstone rejoices in J . 04 inhabitants who consider that , if England huIb either Turkey or Russia , she will assuredly offend , perhaps draw down the judgment of God upon us . Said 104 have memorialised Government to withdraw from all military interference . Lord Palmerston gave offence when in Scot land , by talking about " -England " and " Englishmen . " A Scotchman has put his complaint into words , and Mr . Henry Fitzroy has been directed to convey to Vim " Lord Pnlmerston a assurance , that in using the words ' English , ' ' Englishmen , 4 England , ' his lordship meant no disparagement to Scotland , Ireland , or Wales ; but only used that form of speech winch is usually anJ conveniently adopted in speaking of tlio United Kingdom and ita inhabitants"

      . ,. The Admiralty havo refused to send out another expedition to cxploro the Arctic Seas ; and Sir John Franklin is fairly given up . [ This statement is contradicted by some papers . ]

      Untitled Article

      The IriHh priests of Dublin have sent a letter of sympathy to the Archbishop of Freiburg . , We are informed that the bishop of London , assisted cy Dr . Lushingtou and Sir James Patteson , Bitting as assessors , will commence an inquiry into certain alleged abuses co - nectod with St . Paul ' s Cathedral on tlio 9 th of January . — Globe . . , . The Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol has ju » t issuedi ¦ pastoral letter Io the inhabitants of tlio latter city ,, urgiW them to use every exertion for the establishment of rnoue lodging-houses . rfq "St . Columha" Li the name of an Irish College «» warden in " the Kevorend Mr . Williams , . the Urnverfinj of Oxford . " Ho was ( inspected of Pusoyisin . Wm' » " '

      memorial against Bishop ( jobat was set on foot ho signed o j In consequence of that act , it j ' h supposed , the I ruiMuc Ireland has . withdrawn hia name as the chief patron ol college . ,., i Dr . Hurington , Principal of Bnizcrioso , died on I « " ' last . Ho caught cold on Friday and it proved fatal . * Haiington wan a most nctivf and staunch support ^ ' <>» . movement party in the University . Ho also took par city ullHira . Ilo was formerly a Fellow of the Oollegp , wan elected Principal in 1842 . , Bfl Christmas will he pretty generally kept on Moixh j < , ^ nmial , and tlio mayors of towns scorn to have lent 3 » PI tj tlio movement . At the meeting of the Oxford Town o <» »¦ ' » last week , the mayor , Mr . Itiolmrd James Sp iers , cniita attention of tlio ' council to tlio subject , niul they lll {'""! . ; , | ier agreed to recoiriniend tlio Kusponsion of buwinesn . lie ^ ^^ eaid : in answer to an inquiry whether tho worKWfc , would be paid their wages for that day , that ^ UlioJ ^ lL-

      Untitled Article

      1208 THE LEADER . * [ Saturday ,

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      Queen Victoria has subscribed 100 ? . towards the fund for building a church for the English Episcopalians in Paris . In consideration of the severity of the season , and the ' exccssive price of every necessary of life , the Queen has announced her intention of contributing 250 / . towards the funds of the Association for Promoting the Belief of Destitution in the Metropolis . The electric telegraph is now stretched to Osborne , the house of the Queen .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 17, 1853, page 1208, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2017/page/8/