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Leader (1850-1860), 7th January 1854, Edition 1 of 1, Page 21, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      dicatioa of aU the nice and minute shades oi character from development . We do not say thrtdwrdopmento should not betaken ; human natoro may be more advantageously studied through this medram than through any otber , and a very correct general estimate of character m » y-be thus armed at ; bat it should always be with extreme caution ia our dedactions , and after stating and allowing fully the difficulties we have to contend vith and our coasaquent liability to Rreat errors . Still , experience Las taught me to trtfat more to the estimation of character from the examination of the bead , than from all that a man ' s friend * or enemies can say of him , or than he can say of hiknself . —I am , sir , faithfully touts . " Coventry , Dec . 15 . " ^ hahles Bbat . " ' It will be observed that Mr . Bray in this letter gets rid of our objection ^ by separating Phrenology from Physiology altojrether—instead of Phrentf ^ lo sci

      gy-aa a ence oi tae lunctions of the Brain , he calls our attention to Cramoscopy , or the ob servation of the correspondence between external characters and mental characteristics . Be it so-. In this case FhrenoW ceases to be a Science and becomes an Art . It rests its claim on empirical observations , and its claim must be tested by them . We do not ^ believe these observations to have the validity Phrenologists claim for them we believe , indeed , that every one ' s experience will suffice to invalidate their universality—but into this question we need not enter . Our positions are these : — . ,.- : 1 . As a matter of empirical observation , although the fact of correspondence between a certain propensity or faculty , aou a certain conformation of the skull , may be frequently observed , it must be universal before it can attain scientific rigour .

      2 . The mere correspondence between a certain elevation or depression of one part of the skull and a certain mental characteristic , will lead us to suspect , but will not suffice to prove that the portion of the brain lying immediately under that portion of the skull is the organ of the faculty ; We want something more . Does this surprise you ? Then ask yourself this Is tie Hand the organ of the Mind , and are its separate portions the organs of the separate faculties ? Na ; yet empirical observation has sketched a Cheironomyi from which we learn tfcat ideal tendencies are always found accompanying conical ^ fingers , real , concrete tendencies always accompanying square and spatulous fingers ; large thumbs are observed with

      strong wills ; knuckles laterally large with order in things and ideas ; broad palms with sensuous natures ; muscular hands yvith a love of animals , &c . Noir , far be , it from us to say that Cheironomy is a science , or that the tips of "the fingers are the organs of our intellectual tendencies ; but this we do say , that observation of many hundreds of hands will show a correspondence between certain forms and certain mental tendencies as rigorous as the facts of Cranioscopy ... Nay more : the Phrenologist will predicate from the character what the head will le like , or vice versa * . In the same way the Cheiroriomist will accurately describe the . hand if the character be given to him , or the character if he see the hand . Failures , of course , occur with both . ; but in a large number of attempts a very few failures will bave to be registered .

      3 . Cranioscopy , therefore , maybe an Art of some utility , and yetPhrenologjr not have much claim to scientific rank ; for tbe latter must depend on the condition of our Physiology and Psychology . Mr . Bray speaks with a sort of contempt of " fine-spun theories of nervous tissue and centres ; " but it is the Cranioscopist , not the Phrenologist , who thus speaks . Our own countryman , Mr . R . R . Noel , in his admirable German pamphlet , Die BegrUndung und das Wesen der JPhrenologie , says emphatically as truly that Phrenology is above all things a Physiology of the brain ; ana he is too well acquainted with what is known of that Physiology not to see how much yet remains to be discovered before anything lite certainty can be attained . He goes further than we are ready to follow , but he admits that up to the present time the Physiology and Psychology of Phrenologists are imperfect .

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      BIRTHS , MARRIAGES AND DEATHS . BIRTHS : CADOGAN . —Dec . 81 st , in Green-stre « t , Lady Adelaide Cadogan : a daughter . CLIFFORD . —Dec . 29 th , at Court-house , Cannington , Somersetshire , the Hon . Mrs . Clifford : . a daughter . FARRANT . —Jan . 2 nd , at 42 , Marino-parade , Dover , -the wife of Lieutenant-Colonel Farrant , X . L . S ., late ELM . Charge d'Affaires in Persia : a son . LISTER . —Dec . 8 th , at 39 , Trinity-square , Southward , the wife o-f Henry Lister , Esq .: a daughter . 1 ONGMORE . —Dec . 7 th , at Montreal , C . E ., the wife of Captain Arthur A . Longinore , Twenty-ninth Regiment : a daughter . TAYLOR . —Dec . 81 st , stt Teignmouth , tlie wife of Herbert Taylor , Esq : a daughter .

      MARRIAGES . CARTER—OLDRIDGE . —Nov . 12 , at St . James's church . Calcutta , R . S . Carter , ! Esq ., of Calcutta , to Mary Jane , onlydaughter of the late William Oldridge , jEsq , of Newton St . Cyrea , Devonshire . < FELLOWES—ST . LEGER .- Jan . 8 , at Starcross , Devon , John Butler Fellowes , Esq ., fourth son of Sir James Telloves , late of Adbury-house , Hants , to Mury Anne , youngest daughter of the Rev . R . A . St . Leger . of Staroross . GRIFFIN- COVENTRY . —Deo . 31 , William Parker Grlfnu , Esq ., morchant , of St . Domingo , and New York , U . S ., to Mary Anne Coventry , only surviving daughter of George Llnley , the composer , and granddaughter of the late distinKuished Orientalist , Dr . John Bprthwick Gilchrist , H . E . I . C . S ., a lineal descendant of the Borthwick family - MOON—CRISP—Deo . 22 . at Lcctls , tlie Rev . M . A . Moon to Miss Orisp , late of Wisbech . TREHERNE—HARPER . —Dec . 29 , at St . JamoB ' s , Taddinffton , Henry , youngest son of Edmund Troherno , Esq ., of Sb . George's-torraco , H y de-park , to Harriet , second surviving daughter of the lace John Harper , Esq ., of Lymp-Ktono , Devon . DEATHS . BEAUMONT . —Jan . 1 st , at Twickonliam , Elizabeth , tho bulovod wifo of Goorg « Duckctt Barbor Ueaumont , Kaq ., of Ltacoln ' s-inn , barrister-at-law , aged thirty-six . HOYD . —Jan . 1 st , at Acomb . near York , of fover , Edward Boyd , the third son of P . Hague , Esq ., H . B . M . Consul , Wingpo China , aged live years . BROWNE . —Dec . SOth , at Ewhor , Anne , the wifo of Lioutonant-Colonel Frederick Browne . GRAY . —Dec . 30 th , at 10 , Lanadown-tdrraco , Cheltenham , Hose , wife of Lieutefmnt-Cdlonel Gray , Royal Artillery , !

      HINCHLIFFE . —Dec . 29 th , at her residence . Ramsgate , Charlotte Hinchliffe , youngest daughter of the late Bishop of Peterborough , aged seventy-two . WHITLE . —Dec . 24 . at 7 , Clarence-la \ m , Dover , Elizabeth , wife of Captain "Whitle , and youngest daughter of Colonel Hutohesson , Eoyal Artillery .

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      SHORTCOMINGS . Wh tutu pale in looking at the list of subjects calling for notice , but unavoidably postponed , this week . There is the neir panorama , at Burford ' s , showing Constantinople from the Seraskier's Tovrer ; there is a new Arctic scene at the Gallery of Illustration ; and then there are lie Photographic exhibitions , especially the one in Suffolk-street . A picture , by Uewenham , invites us to Exeter Hall , " and even thither 6 hall Newenhajn attract | us . Our course of pantomimes not having been exhaustive of the test dishes on the card , we had intended a second course , to which other theatrical nqvel ties miglt have furnished fianc ' s . ' . ' . ' . But we are only in a position to say that not the worst thing alout the pantomime at Sadler ' s Wells is the plntonume . There are pretty seenes , more than usually pretty dances , Mechanical effects

      to the full as successful as ambitious ; but none of these extinguishes the fun . We say so , not from any careless assumption of good-humour " at this festive period of the year , " but because the tiing deserves io be . said . The Sadler's Wells pantomime " goes" for bustling fun of the old pantomimic character . In or does the laughter nag , even while enchanting scenery is in view . The Ckrwn is Mr . Rocbez , an expert pantomimist ^ wtth some degree © f humour ; the Columbine is both graceful and ptetty ;; and ; BCr . Fenton , the Harlequin , has not lost in vivacity while he has gained in fat .

      At Astley ' s---but not having seen tlie pantomime it would be a breach of etiquette for us to report oh the opening piece—The Wise Elephants of'tie East ; or , the Magic Gong . Striking title ? Those who have been twice ii elephantine company do not require to be ' told how' these huge beasts go gravely through the performance of standing on their heads , & « ., and tntfk what philosophic resignation to the whole thing as an uhJavoidableCbftse . It is as needless to mention that the elephants hold all the human ' actitt $£ especially the noisy ones , in the greatest possible contempt ; Tteir opinion of the author , although a secret , may be guessed . . .... Q . '

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      CORN MARKET . Mark Lane , Friday Evening , Jan . 6 . j LOCAL TftADE . —Supplies uiodorate except of Flour , of which about 30 , 000 brls . have arri-ved . ' "Wheat is 4 s . dearer thauon Monday , with buyers at th « advanoo . Barley Arm at Mon * day ' s priceB . Oats Is . dearer . The inland navigation la quite stopped by the ice . FiiOATiwa Trade . —Since this day week wo have only . ten arrivals to report . Contrary to expectation ., in . the" absence of demand for Wheat from France , the market has ' continued to rise . We cannot report many transactions , nor in the number of orders actually received very great : but , on .

      the other hand , the numbor of cargoes is unusually small at this season , and sales to a very moderate extent are quite sufficient , with the present opinion of holders , not only to prevent any decline , but even to cause a further enhancomont of prices . The operations of the week have been . •( Tooted almost exclusively by Irish and English buyers now in London , who would have purchased much more largely , had holders been disposed to sell . Without expressing an \ opinion as to future prices , vre may mention one or two enrcutnitances whioh have hitherto escaped attention , or have only just occurred , and whtyh may throw some light on the subject . In the nrst'plaee , it anno&ra Viv advices received this week from New York that

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      4 . Although Gall's labours may be said to have revolutionised our cerebral physiology , although they were the originators of an immense series 6 t researches into the nervous system , the palpable-fact ia that our fcnowlSte of the system , so fa ^ fxom causing men to adopt Plirenology , causes themto reject it It is open to any one of course to reject Physiology , and confine himself ' *> ££ && * & ; so that we know what are his clSs all wS well . Bfct Firenology as a science rests on the basis of Physiolocv anft while Jfoe Tjaap is unsteady the edifice will not be durable . It may make on * "^^ f ^^ lM ^^ e . Thata / everyOne

      ^^^^^^^ , Wws , isffrunded on Physiology . It has its empirical observations and its inferences , but it cannot attain scientific precision until its scientific basis of Physiology is definitively established ^ ; A man may prescribe mercury for biliousness ; and turn vp his nose at fine spun theories of the Ever and its functions ;/ but he does so on n ' o bjetter ground than one vhb peiseribes Cockles Antibilious Pills . He is aa empiric , not a scientific Physician . 5 . The Psychology is so unacceptable that many who are believers in Phrenology reject it . We cannot stop here to argue such a large question . Space is not ample enough for us to answer Mr . Bray ^ a letter in detail . \ jjjt ratner to settle the

      purpose was feal ground on which Phrenology must be disenssed , and we sum up by saying : Considered as a Sciett ^ at present Phrenology is in its infancy ; considered as an Art , Cranioscopy is only better than Physiognomy or Cheironpmy . But haying noted deficiencies , let us add that Phrenology is the Science of the Mind which the coming Aires mil establish . - - - . ..-. ..:: »*^»

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      January 7 , 1854 ] THE LEADER . , ' . 21

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      MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE . " Friday EveniBg , January G , 1854 . Owing to the very inclement weather , and the consequent non-arrival of mails , &c , business on the Stock Eionange during the weok has been occasionally very slack . In Consols there has been a strong tendency to droop—many large money sales have been effected—and at one tune yesterday they stood as low as 92 } 2 ; but several holders of South Sea Stock , and tho Hebrew-party coming in to buy , sent them up to 93 | i , from that point they again fell to 93 ii—the opening price this morning being 93—sellers . Prenoh Rentes come so badly that it nas depressed Foreign Shares to at tern tne iversal in

      a greex , ana un neuer jrans unac a war S now inevitable will doubtless have an effect upon us on this side the water . In our own Kail way Market , large sales have been effected , and—it assumes a very falling look —Land Company Shares are very lov- Australian Agriculturals , not confirming tho report of quicksilver having been found on their possessions , nave receded to 38 40 . mines have been hardly touched . Wallers are said to have the most flattering account from their agents—and a dividend even is talked of in tho spring . Tho public , in the absence of other opportunities , has Been investing to some considerable extent in Australian Banks ,, whose dividends and state of nrosperity is incredible ; hufc ifc does not seem to

      make much difference in the price of Shares . In Foreign Funds but little doing . Russian Five per Cents , keop up marvellously , 112 , 113 ; lout , as I said once before , there are not many largo holders in Una country , and therefore tho transactions must bo limited . By next week—I cannot help believing—wo shall boo tho Funds lower than at present , for , viowod from every possible point , the political aspect of affairs is of tho gloomiest character / but the tendency to riso is so great that tho announcement of a Plenipotentiary boing sent from Russia , or any othoT lluaso device , would send up tho Funds 2 or 8 per cent . Ttj , e 3 o ' clock price of Consols is 02 J 03 .

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      Cntratmial Maim

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      Consols , 03 ; Caledonian , 51 J 62 J ; Eastern Counties , 121 , I j Edinburgh and Qlasgow , OS-, 05 ; Great Wostorn ,

      811 , 82 ; . Lancashire and Yorkshire , 6 Sf , 841 ; London , Brighton , and South Coast , 964 , 97 $ ; London and North . Western , 101 | , 102 ; London and South Western , 76 , 7 ft : ; Midland , 604 , 61 ; Oxford . Worcester , and Wolverhampton 35 , 37 ; Scottish Centrals , 91 , 93 ; York , Newcastle , and Berwick , 63 , 64 ; York and . North Midland , 45 , 46 : East Indian , ? Si , Sf ; Luxembourg , 91 , 10 j DLtto ( Railway 6 , 6 J ; Ditto . Pref ., l | , 1 ; Madras , i , f pm .. ; Namur and Liege ( with int . ) , * , f , pm . ; Ditto ( ex int . ) , 7 ^ , 8 ; Northera of France , S 3 f , 34 ; Paris : arid Lyons , ' 15 , 1 B | pni . ; . Paris and Orleans , 45 , 47 ; ParJ 9 » pd Rouen , 40 . 4 & ; Rouen and Havre ,. 18 J , 19 i ; Paris and Strasbourg , 301 , 3 ll ; Paris , Caea , and GhflTlMnnr . 3 _ . < l'nm . > ' HnrnVirfi Ann ! iMAimn M . ' ' fit-¦ r » i ¦ »^» m ^ j ^ ¦ ¦¦¦¦

      — —— - ^^ - ~ - - ^ » — —» - ** r »^— ^^ # ^ j ^^""" y *^—^^»^^ ^^ - ^^^^ >** y WP ^* w 9 Western of France , 7 , 8 pm . t Australasia , 94 , 76 : London Chartered 3 $ aukof Australia , ^ , % pm . ; TJnlaaBank of A \ is tralia , 73 , 76 ; Oriental , 43 , 46 ; AustraUan Agrioulturalj 38 , 40 ! : Peel Rivers , \ , dis . par ; South Australian , 86 , 97 i Van Dieraan ' s Land , 14 , 16 ex div . ; North British Austra lian , par . i pm . ; Scottish Investment , &c , 1 | , 1 | , pni , ; British Axierioan , 384 ; Agua Frias . i , i pm . ; Nouveati Monde , 4 , i pm ;; Mariposas , § , i dis . ; wallers , | | dis . ; Colonial , i , ipm . ; JBraL ? il Imperial , 5 , 6 ; United Mexican 3 f , 4 J ; Lioires , 10 J , 11 | : N " ew Xinares , 4 djs . paivt Penio ? sular Mines , } , 1 pm . ; Obernhofs , 3-16 pm . ; Poltimore , par . 4 .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 7, 1854, page 21, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2020/page/21/