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    Untitled Article

    ^ J # ^ # f * i >^ e migHt honpukbly ^ m SpG Smgg § g * f $ f from the obligations JwR-WEfi m < m ^ m her , yyith si > much ° 0 ® M ^^ 181 ^ 7 4 nd why shpuld not E 5 ffflfio ® 8 J ^ 9 ^ 9 P tiuaity , not created l > y ^ | s # ll » : »^ r "^ abbBLg her at once to retrieve b % pos % fi nMd | Mj ? eace of Europe , the

    , ^ 1 ;• £ § £ ¦ ^ sgj ^ e . Qtal y pne reason why : it W ^ m Q ^ jSSB'iffifi ^ l i ^ siflsluneiit of trea-% & ] $ '« 3 $£ & TO 3 JP "be derogatory to the t ™^ ' ® ^^^ - ¦ & # *? ^ * J ? 9 k V trj ^ , pujpgia , Russia ,, and : Naples ,-r-r i || , eYQ ^ i ^ Qrt ^ njb § tate on the "Conti-* Pi | UpS TflPW ? W with the exception QOp « & , fufc | re cx ? ul 4 only fay certainly with the exceDtion of England . If there is

    govern . England—we cannot say on Bussian principles—but on the principles upon which Ituesia would like fco see IJggl&iicl . governed . English , intjere ^ s can only he damaged by the want of heacfe an 4 h $ nds firm enough so to act in the storm of autocratic revolution as to develop an the Continent those liberties of CQnscien . , citizenship , and commerce which wpulj . constitute the outposts of our own liberties .

    eaijjf ^ injiyrjr M J ^ n ^ land ia the breaking of ^ t ^ llJ-e ^ ggj s | e ^ ensured it at tke fend % ^^ - -iiCT ^ # ? ' # w ^ ¦¦ ¦ r . Jsp ^ * $$ il ^ # Qase , prance and Engltogyjuje ttpgetgeri r | ljey p , eb in . co-operation ; ^^^^ o j ^ allrjpo are in alliance , and W ^^ JS ^ J ^^^ ^ " ° SN& 4 ^ ° EJnglancJL for re , r w ^ if ^ l m * i f wk ^» # e W ^^^ W ^ SPp ^ ce W » due feumjjAataon WgQvfWiWm' fjffiti * ^ $ * e bjensjug pf ^^^ l ^ jM ^^ L ^ W ^ pW ^ m 9 which united are , " eEreater than all the rest nf "RnrnnA mit .

    m # M ^ ^* S t ^ ® n tl&f se . old quarrels in % '»^^^ jsu alliancej ag& M * he treaties of iPft j £ a SppiStft y $ & J ? e & a , wiser sp irit , ^^ W ^ mWnM ^?? ^^^ of * h § tflrp , WW % ^ teW ^ f J /^ Sfe 0 *!^ Russia , R ^ gt ^ M pMrJll ^^ : ^^ PW ^ 6 WPN ? W e | fcpa * $ - » fe i *> tkeir «^ P ^^^|| | | ^ ^ . ei ^ eA tkrougH syn > ipSliy ^ ifc . 4 wP $$ jinteeas ^ &r jpore , iW $ ip # 17 9 w £ sfe jtbst . l $ mlm& sm

    , tffi-TWfflai ^ t ^ rP- # Wwl ^ i ?^~ % ?¦> - -, < ¦ ^ mM ^ m M ^ m ' : ^^ ^ States base KWRN $# ^ c |»^ # B ^ W ^ of 3 niop © j koag-^ W | J ^^ : 'fl #% iiPiSep . ' -feo » i- the . man , new crowns have been created ,,, dynasty has euc-<^ t $$$ m 0 & WMzim ?* ^ oor to ns ^ king-W ^^ W ^ W&i ;® PW ®> £ u & Hngdp ^ n , *^« W W& * HA . e ^ apir ^^ ver agajn * haye ( s ^ o ceedfed each other , without the slightest shock

    to , ( the na ^ te \ wm $ afa $ Qwtf 3 Sngl *» d , with ^ 9 ^ ° ^; ^? # ) 9 » P&W atw ^ WJWi to that iafcernal % j # !«| , ha& te ^ ope ^ itself in new free-$ SHWf . H ^ - wealth , ^ nd new power of uv gKWfeS xwJlMjW for the good of mankind . Sunups © Ma ^ iai were established in Rome an 4 Jfoaautlj , iq , Pesth , hpw could England sujfe ? "WT ^ quld , the , vast English commerce with lk > me , ; or the immense trade with Pesth , be cujt off l ? yt ^ e accession of th o se gentlemen in Jib , u of P ^ ns i ? he Ninth , who cannot pay 14 s wajy and , cannot call his capital his own ; or in , ^ eu u , , »

    3 ut » t present , Austria is our ally , and we will , no-t allucle to painful possibilities . We tff £ L Qyty . calling to mind that from these eventualities ^ ngHah interests can fear nothing . JJ ^ Wf tg li ^ *^ afc which they might fear if 3 few » Pow governed by free trade and a monarch isfho , s ^ pwa some sense of the comity qfc i ^ a ^ ons , were thrown " Into ^ he possession pf projijijfritory Russia , whose constant policy it is to Jabour at the enslavement of sea and

    land- Put Russia instead of the Sultan , and England might suffer to the extent of 3 , QQO ; O 0 O a ^ year exports . Pat Mazziai instead of Pius the Kinth , and England would not lose a single sovereign—she might gain a new export trade . But supposing that England fears from revolution , what has she to fear from the establishment and extension of

    constitutional anonarchy , such as her influence and fosteriag encouragement might rear in other statee of the Continent besides Sardinia ? No , if England lias anything to fear , it is only that her own statesmen may not be equal to the opportunity ; that thoy might

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    WHAT IS A CONSPIRACY ? We are almost * afraid that , when we compared some late proceedings in Preston to a coup d ' etat we supplied certain parties there with a very dangerous hint : a hint , too , which they have not been slow to impa"ove upon . When we characterised the reading of the Riot Act , and the suppression of public meetings within the bprpugh , as very dangerous and Tery fopjish proceedings , and likened

    them in pojnt of tyranny and sinister motive to ; tbe ^ celebrated cQwp d ' etat , we ceatainly had np ijlea that ? a closer , a more dangerous , and | a more afepminable parody of that event was iimraineni ; . The parallel is now complete . ; Pu | Oepjpge Cowell fpr M , Thiers , Mortimer 10-rjna ^ haw fpr Cayaignac , and the French drama is mu « h better adapted than many | transl « tipns fpr the metropolitan theatres . jTJhiepreatpnpoUce ^ takinga lesson from their

    is not evenjpreteijk ^ ed on tfee-pajjj ; pf thejprqjg ^ cutipn . 1 % appear ^ i n deed , ( sp far aa feeftfe has yei been wtveafcigated ) m © v « r 4 & b ^^ exceeded persuasion . The masters hsou ^ nfe unem p lo y ed people into the town ; and-whea bhey came there , these men talked $ 0 th ^ i , fed them , gave them money , and sent many of them back . Are these illegal apts ? TIiq Mayor has his doubts , and -taj&s about thet conflicting opiniona of Jjord Cranworth ftn ^ . Mr . Justice Erie . Xord Qratiworth bas fta ^ d that what one maa may do legally ; he may persuade another to do ; and as he may legally refuse to work except for a given -Sum . Ite

    Wh ** .-. __ 7 ____ J 1 l T i . T - « A . . ( may persuade another man to adopt hta ti&i * -. Tins seems morally fair ; and ajl we cfan sayis , that if it is not the law , the repeal * of t&e Combination Laws is a dead letter . M * n never combine simultaneously . The aggregation is always gradual . One man thiixfea that wages should be higher , and he persuade ten men ; those ten . persuade others in their turn , and that is the proeess hy Which every combination comes about . But it woulcl seem that Mr . Justice Erie has tbrovrnspme doubts about this view of the

    law , and that it is upon these doubts tfiat tha fate of the defendant delegates hangs . "V ^ e may admit frankly that yre do not anticipate that any judge or jury in the land will punish men unskilled in the law for an offence agaixtsfc laws , upon the construction of Vhieh learned judges themselves have differed ; and , so far as we have an opportunity of judging , the evidence does not seem to be of a character

    likely to weigh very heavily against any of the defendants . We can anticipate no otterresult than an easy and triumphant acquittal j and then , we would ask , -what will be the / position of the prosecutors ? But even supposing their -wildest hopes tobe realised , and these men to be imprisoned for some short period , in what respect will their case be bettered ? Do they suppose that when these men are removed the

    agitation will cease ? Vain hope ! They h&yet yet to learn that , in all such movements , "the best men are in the background , and that , if these men be shut up , wiser , craftier men will take the lead , whom they will seek to entrap in _ yain . They have yet to * learn the force of an Englishman ^ love of fair play , and to discover that persecution

    only arouses a storm of execration and hostility against the persecutors in this land of the tree . They have yet to learn that all mean and petty stratagems ( like Curran ' s doves ) inevitably fly back to thte place whence they came . Perhaps it may be urged that all they desire to effect is the future protection of immigrant hands from similar arts of persuasion . The beat answer to this will be

    found in the evidence adduced for the prosecution ; the delegates having consistently declared , ever since the beginning of March , that they will " flit no more hack , " that they will let the masters enjoy " the scum of th © earth , " and so forth , without interference ; and it is perfectly well known that daring the last three weeks the immigrant hands

    have not been interfered with , either by persuasion or otherwise . To carry out their intent , the masters must issue an ukase , that all persons who arrive in Preston must stop there for ever . If they will do that , and get it ratified by a court of law , they- will have succeeded ; hut their success will b& Russian , not English .

    ! Ea ^ . sian confreres , appear to have shrouded j *]^ freparajfiQns ^ er $ jei r spring in grea t objspurftyV ' They ^ unjped upon the delegates isinujltanepualy , an *} at night . Whether ^ a ^ din ^ fepiii was j ^ ernVitfced tp shave , under the jm ^ eryision of a . conatable , or Cbrimshaw 4 res ^| ii 9 ,, sw (? riand eame out in his ni g htcap , ( a fa Cayaj ^ La ^) , Dr Cowell put supposititious peases to the sergeant as to what would be

    fdpneiifiieweue tokUllujn ( a , laTbiers ) , does [ not Tery , . eleajfly appear ; but it is quite eerjtam that i £ tj ^ e two following days were not spent in a hattue of the populace and a fufihde up and and down the Fishergate , it was ¦ notthefaujt of the authorities . y % h $ . then , have these men done that they ishouid he c | ragged off to gapl in this manner , jand tlj ^ t- ttye tcanquillitv of a whole comimunity should be wantpaly imperilled ? Mr . Ascroft , the Town Clerk and prime minister

    ftp the Cptton Lprds , answers that they have been guilty pf a cpnspiracy . And cpnapiracy tp do what ? "Why ( using the terms of the warrant ) to molest and obstruct certain persons hired by cotton spinners to work in their trade and business , to force and endeavour to force the said persons so hired , as aforesaid , to depart from their said hiring . And this is the charge which the associated masters of Preston have thought it wise to prefer before

    a court of justice , against men who have been openly and avowedly fighting them for six months past , and who have constantly expressed and exhibited the most strenuous desiro to , keep within the boundaries of the law ! Thai the capital and labour of Preston have been arrayed against each other , and that the battle has now raged long with doubtful success , are facts which all England has known , and every feeling man has deplored . That the battle has been conducted on both sides with dogged

    resolution , and , on the side of the operatives , with incredLblo fortitude and most praiseworthy calmness , are facts to which we have often directed attention . The parties have hitherto fought upon their own resources , calling in no assistance beyond the pecuniary aid ottheir respective sympathisers ; but now capital has appealed to the law for protection , aud that upon grounds so trivial , that we can take it in no other sense than a practical confession of weakness .

    W ^ hat have the alleged molestation and obstruction amounted to ? Certainly not to violence , or anything approaching to violence : that

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    GOVERNMENT RECONSTRUCTION OF THE UNIVERSITIES . We were able , last' week , to furnish our readers with a short abstract of the Government scheme fortlio improvement of tho University of Oxford . An attentive consideration of the details of the Bill confirms via in

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    * f * ¦ - 3 afc& , ' . fr&Aft » 3 . - lU ^ mAw ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), March 25, 1854, page 278, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2031/page/14/