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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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AMEKH 7 AN IPTOTESi The New York HeraM states that , a draught of a convention has heert Agreed upon between the-British Gbvernxnenf arid ihe United States ? Minister ,, Mr . Buchanan , regarding- the . right of search ami the impressment of seamen . The United States is understood to . pledge itself td strict neutrality in the present war . The Herald says : — " We learn that * ither the Hermann from Southampton , or the Amteriect from Liverpool- !—the next steamers duefrill bring the draught of . a convention concluded between ) Mrv Buchanan : arid Lord Aberdeen , on behalf of their respective Governments , by which Edgland admits ht the approaching European trac the doctrine that the flag cover
both ship and cargo , and that free ships make free goods- ; also * renouncing the right of search for the impressment of seamen * . so far as Amecicaa vessels am concerned , and conceding the restriction ass to the law of blockade . In return , the Unite * Spates is pledged to strict neutrality aad noninterference in tiie costing contest between the Western Powers and Russia . Tlis is a most important convention , and has beeanegotiated hy Mr . Buchaaaa without instructi on from Washington . It is important as it afiecta onr rights and our commerce , and places us in a position that we should hare occupied years and . years ago . It secures our neutrality TWthout ' any treaty stipiuationsj as it removes th » cause of
war and at oneq , enables mb to become the great carrier on the seas of the world . .... .... In 1812 the doctrine of the right off search , led to the war with Great Britain . The treaty : off , Ghent leflr th * . matter unsettled . In 18 IS Lord Caatlertagk unsuccessfully , endeavoured to obtain our consent to the doctrine by special treaty stipulations- ; but it continned-tmsettiedi : Wheat Messrs . Webster andi Ashburton were arranging the treaty at Washington , in l £ 4 Si aU re * ference to the doctrine -was studiously avoided , for fear of- a rupturr in the negotiations at that time . But « i # , in the face of fihe . impendiag w « r in Europe ^ and in tin necessity of our neutrality in this tremendous struggle , the great principle © far which we hare for half a century contended are obtained . " . ¦ . .
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WJOfc MATTJBBS . Thebb is nothing starikrag to xecord in the progress of the * armaments dt homfr . Infantry and cavalry continue to go , slowly out ; and preparation re ceaseless . The allied atfmy itowf fix Turkey cannot be fer snort of 40 , 000 men ; as according to the latest accounts there , were 20 , 000 French , and 8000 English English at GalUpoli . Some of the British regiments have been carried up the Straits as far as Scutari , and barracked < there . The Highlanders make a grefet impresskm on their Turkish olives . We purposely afcstaart from repeating the sfattenjeiitsmade by some Jotrrasls as to the want of preparations fo * ^ te'trop ^ aj ; the absence of medibal cona- *
forts , and Indeed necessaries , ajid the badness of the quarters . They naiiy ori may not be true ; and we axe not . disposed to . dMsemj ^ te ^ urjEfbunded comphnints of the kind . One report states that some of th& regiments have gon « to Adrkknople . With respect to tlie fleet in the Baltic , we know nothing of at beyfood the fact frba , t there it isj rigourously watching for the breaking upof the ice . and snapping up everything that falls ia its way- But a melancholy accident has dimmed its first successes with sorrow . Captain Feote , of the Convict , had taken some ' prizes ; and had landed at MemeL on the f 9 * h instant on business connected with them . As he was crossing the bar , on his return , a heavy surf capsized his boat , and the brave man , with four seamen , was drowned I One only escaped .
In the Channel a fatal rencontre nearly took place off the Lizard . Th& Prussian ship Gejion , 48 guns , was coming up the Channel . The steamer Centaur , 6 guns , apied hep , and mistaking the eagle for a Russian , let down her ports and steamed down upon her big antagonist . Uncertain whether war might not hare beepr declared with Prussia , the Commander of the Geflon also prepared for action ; but * fortunately , the Centaur found out her mistake and eheered of £ But . it waa very plucky ot Conuoander Harvey .
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52 * 6 cfeg ., which- is 5 * 8 deg ; above the average of tfhe same week in 38 yearn The mean daily temper&taxre was above the average on every day except JSffonday , when it was 0 & deg . below it , ami Sattttday , when it was 2 * 1 deg ; below it » ¦ ffi-rose ftwra 45 ^ 5 eteg ; on Monday to 58 . 2 deg . on Wedhesdhy , 59- * deg . on Thursday , and 5 & 2 on Friday . : It again fell tc * 45-4 deg * ., on Saturday ; The highest temperature occurred on Tfiiitsday , and was ' ¦^¦ fi 5 r
deg " . ; the lowesft on Sunday , and was ^ - "S deg ., j&owihg . a raage of 43 ^ dfeg . The ? dew ' -pp&ft ten * perature was 44-S ? deg ., the difference beiweea ? hi # and the air-tenaperatiwe being 8-t deg . TJref-wind blew first front east-north-east , then frbn > « as < rr soutn-east , afterwards from- the east * and at ¦ the-entt of the weeV fijora the north-east . Of wain scarcely : any fell tai Saturday , when tnevamoutrt warO-2 ? ito ., The whole that fell in me week was o * 3 o- m . ;
HEAI < T ^ OF LONDON . ( From the Jieffiatrar- General ' Return } Tma return for the week that ended last Saturday discovers an increase in the mortality . In the first and second week of this month , the deaths in London were respectively 1 , 149 and 1 , 087 ; in the third —namely , last week—they rose to 1 , 193 . In the ten corresponding- weeks of the years 1844-53 the average number was 1 , 000 , whioh if raised in proportion to increase of population becomes 1 , 100 . The number of deaths registered last week is therefore nearly 100 above the calculated amount . Two deaths from choleTa were registered , which , occurred On the same day , the 13 th April . Last week the birth of 891 boys and 898 girls , in all 1 , 789 children , were registered in London . In mno corresponding weeks of the years 184 , 5-53 the average number was 1 , 437 . At the Koyal Observatory , Greenwich , the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29-783 in . Ihe mean daily reading was above 30 in . on Sunday and Monday . The reading was 30-14 in . at noon on lues < lay . The mean temperature of the week wua
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Melbourne foe less than' 3 f . per week ; a cotta *« C nonse , such as would let 3 a Hyde- fer 8 » . per weeV would let in Melbourne for l 6 L per week i to it- W'W present , but wages , rentsi land , and alt thing * will ' conae- down shortly ; the yield of tlfe gold ^ fie 4 d » cttinofc support it ; the diggers don't « ara , on «* , average , 3 / . per week , and th © deficiency in . the general yield of all the ^ old-flelil * obH «* iveV wi » % ^ nearly one-third this yeaT eompate ^ wfelh' th ©^ \ Wte ' although theve- are noV five tt « e » ' ; tfc © ' number ^ diggenr . I saw hundreds up at th& digging ^ w $ & < ta& a farthing , who had beea sinldng ; cotttinwdlyi > ii « i ilc ^ as their money lastied ; then ; SwyhJad to beifeM ^ what is caUed surfdein ? , that is , waSiintfthe'Wtfc
they can get iron ! the yety surface , which wittyid * at aattdh as will find theia in meat , < t |( torlii ^ c" 40 # per day , but that- Jts ^ o * considered g 6 ld ^ iigging | ^ it goId-diggHigi * sinking Uri ^ t they can ( trbp on * v » i » , f which often is dene tta Very « rirt hol « , or perfe * j >* tfey- may be years and ik * be ^ so ^ fortaaate a * taftot 'a ' y ^ ri'tttat ^ li ^^ t ^^^^*^^^^^ 1 ^^^^ SaltaTatitrisli ^ iTT- / : ' r •"• ¦ " ' <¦' ¦ " *>>;¦ ¦ - - - ' ..... " . ¦ ' - ' ' ¦ ¦ ' ' i :-m : "I met the escort with 13 cwt . of gold helongln « i ^ sereit different parties , ^ ho had dropped on it to Prince Regent ' s Gully ; there is gold in my opinioa * below where they have sunk to ^— -they sunk o « Ir f untU they came to the rock ; there f * expeotted « i »
gotd , but at ffrst they only waahedtbe Burfacfc tiibfti they sunk to the pipe-cliy , which i « decayed slattil lyii ^ edge upward . They thought at ftrst that goltf cptildnot poastbly be lower than thtft ^ lMit when tHe | n mgrai sinkihg ; throiigh the pipie ^ Blay 1 tw * tfe * i T < o 69 y ' > tttey fijutid' it aga ^ in larger qukntlUeB , ; but ! uadiiv > the ' rbek iibnoue hasyet ibeen \* # & &&ti&W& * iy $ p& I tTriitfc they TTiltfind ft in layer »* elow eachoth ^ i - like coalseam ^ , aft- Hke c ( vll the deepor they ^ Os * purer and heavier it > , and" they have alwady foan * > it after in one hole , ^ whilst sinking ** the rock «* three or four diflferent depths . " I ftxp « ct they wSQ find it somo day or other in quatt ^ ties , that will '
LIFE ESf AUSTEALtA . Ome of our readers has forwarded the . subjoifceo \ letter tjcom a friend in Australia . It will be readt witfe interest by those among ; oux aubscribera who belong tp the working classes ; and for their sake , a * wetta * . for the sake of tihe information : it conveys ^ w&Jeadily give it a plaoe in > eur : eolumnsx- ^ " Geelong , piBC . 3 ^ I 8 S 3 L ¦ " Bear HteMy ,-r- ) f havojgreat pleasure in addressing a line to you after the longf interval .-wtpended sface' I saw you lkst . T carirxot pitjce ^ df ira ^^ f wiiarou ^ t . hoping . - ' yoar motlier , who I / tegatSP crtP moTOer . Irfeett on a visit to is stift amonfcst ttie
, you , hiie and T } eafrtfc ,--iiot , Itowever ,. forgetthig pwm . r hi ^ ve sibHt tfi ^ r same ifeejingy or , if anyiniri ^ \ f&s en ^ Kartced firorrj thegreat distance I ate eterjaratfei' fi * OKpi my dear ^ friericfer , ' and wnen reflecting on pte | j ^ feir dn £ times , T cannofpassr away thoughts witlio ^^ therr betraying some sHgb . tr emotions ., Though ieveijtlifiai here is wftat can reasonabl y be desired , stQl Itqme is home , however humble ; and Bowever much , rijpriejp a person is earning , lie ' or they are veigf aiflterent 1 ^ nte ; or any I have yet . seen ^ ieTey if they are jibtr oc- ? casionally troubled wfth wonderingwheii a letter will ; acri « e from : Btrglajod , or how are old frienda getting
on—but to business , ' ' ^ Well , I s * M Mniyi&ter tb ttfy brotiieT Hiward I-woulo * yrrite to . you after I had ^ bpen to thedi ^ gingE . I was not satisfied until lweHt v . thou' |* i kneW , before the accouutB were dne-sidfed " aaf eXag ^ erateai I did riot stay : m 6 ^ ilksua a JfoftiMliiiTitK but * w ^ wei ^' not a pattjr strong enough , hnd Wiu ^ ii ^ lbaa * r wtiaf wbujd be r 4 < jnir 6 d until I was" v utf iilerei' Gw » ld is tb ; Befgot , ' mitf * faMfcffi % &tai ^^^ i l-. saw onehoie . wnieie tilere had beea lb 2 ^ lbs ^ we ^ lit of gofld ^ got pSi ^ valued at about ' $ 0 , 0007 . ' % C % sriy ^ f 1 riten gdt . it $ h ^ seven vree'Ks , by Workibg " nighir iittift daft' sinking to the dopth 6 f HO feet ; but ttifere sere
thousands - wlia jjo npF ,, who sink and hare'been fllnfc- ! ittg' since tiie , digginga began , who have lost . a fcofasitferable sum besides' their labour . There is pleiity of land here , ' ifhat ha * 'been sold by aiicttoib , v ^ lae h ^ almost every spadefiil of " earth will yield : more or less gold , ttxti whefe the ptn » cliaser Duys Ihe land with the gold included , at * a moderate e ' atn per acre , and a , person , by the ordinary process of tub and tin dish , can "wash all the days of his life ; and earn . 5 s ^ to 10 s . per day , Tint at present ft is rendered valueless as a workable field by the exorbitant price .. AU things are up at the diggings , as wages in town ' are 12 s . per day—common labouring . Tell Robert '
< j ? that stonemasons struck : work whefc re- ' ceiving 35 s . per day , now they hare 21 , Sawyers can ' earn 3 / . per day ; bricklayers and stonemasons ZZ ., at lowest 35 a . ; joiners a $ s . to 30 s . per day ; and nothing ; less than T Os . per day wages , and any one can live , here for XL per week , if they will provide themselves with a tent , which is better than a , house in summer . I have put ut » my tent , boarded the floor , put in windows and door , have got an American stove to cook with , which is far superior to any oven and fire-grate foT that purpose—in all it has cost me about 70 / ., but it is absolutely the best constructed in GeelonK , and allowed so to be . So I ana now far
more comfortable than where I was when paying 1 ? . per week rent . The dimensions of my tent are 7 feet to the eaves , 12 feet to the ridge , 14 feet wide , 22 feet long , and I never lived in anything so comfortable as the weather at present is . We have not had any rain for three months . The weather is not much hotter than in England , and the night-air being colder in proportion we can always sleep very sound and comfortably . So far as regards the weather , and as to anything else I will not pretend to advise or countenance regarding the advantages
or disadvantages this country might present , but my private opinion is , it is absolutely the best country in the world , where there is no such thing as starving known ; \ rhere nny able and willing person can obtain work without much trouble ; and where any Bingle man may earn , of the trades I have named , or common labourers can save , more money in tliis country than they can cam in England ; but the diggings arc not paying at present in proportion to other things as they go in tho towns . Kents are outrageous , no kind of accommodation can he had in
astonish the world , but it must be borne in mindgoUc digging requires wmsidertblecaiiitaltabe ^ n with ; t » do-much good , the hoks have to-be slabbed all t& * way from top to bottom r pxirnpB ^~ T 6 p 6 m ^ e .- ' Ofiett bole , cost mi : tomoi amkirtg that ^ % * £ ftppM grain of gold . So it is a mere lottery and gpetilti tiori . CoHiers are the parties for | f 6 W ^ digglngt t 3 Smm arc often employed fey diggers at It to 2 ^ . per day ^ until the' hole i « r sunk and worked out ; " X wentf * p . tt > i the diggings « t a very bad season « f the year ? ^* " # etWten * Wijm in gpttg : 'li ^ aBdfiiS «* iitli »^« iti *^ 3 Sf * gciing -fcb that of corarn ^ baek , vrMeh wa « v& mwitH , is never was nnrlr « 9 sei ^ I bsv ^ wafted tniore than «< K ' ¦¦
mile * -withcat ever' having my boot * off . ¦ I' ^ cari-wis ^ t ydu itia no t all g ^ . that gUttew . We l » d tttti conveyance except » l !> uUocK ^ 6 ! i » y ¦ k » c » ry ^ 6 ^ ^ paws ^ up ^ tTifei ^ vay , and nifi&ya ftKp * ^^ $ f ^ O ^ d ^ teittf ( w ^ i «* ¦***' ¦ ' bnijrQtoEBmon calico > amidst I eo « bshawers of rain as you don't often witness in ^^ BO ^ i l&n < £ , then ¥ e made * good fire , andtookout © Ur oao ^^ td look out fofir ourSbedf # afeh ^« cb * trdtri ih * gteen brandies of tteles , dried then ^ threwt oavr Wjtnket over them ; made ottr tea out of any wnteP * ; hole we could fina » in niost plaeefon the road-- « , li ) water appears as if mix « d with ¦ cbalk ; - which ner » o »
settles , arid it is called tlie mwWy wateT'noiej wnen the teals made of it , it looka ai ^ if ifhad « ome . ntioa cr&amin , bu-t ^ tt i& the * col ^ r . ^^ lle-water ^ thia ^ ny * not badly tasted ; ^ ffeer our repaat we laid dova . Sometimes it would blow so hat ^ d . thit our tent pega ^ gav « way , ftndifwe ^ ha * nttf bean sqaiek ) obr caWcon hviise would have aUappeated ^ tetfwing- us in bed exposed to a . pitiless storm . It > often strips a tent oa ' the diggings , and it is a rather awkward predicamentt tb be in , when man and wife are in bed ; aind the ten ^» goes—leavitig them exposed as if ItnejT' had n » ude > tfceir bed ia the middle of the street . I was often awakened by opossums screeching and dancing round my tent at night , a » d sometitaeB I would mak *» rush out , and up they would bolt the flrst tree tfcey
came to . I' did ncrt always shoot them , but sonoefcinaesv "It is a very hard travel to go to the dKgg ^ ngs , and great privations are to be encountered , but f took all in great good humoatv and when I returned , I congratulated myself with having- been initiated a little into- A * m tralian bush life . A calico tent to travel witn W quite heavy enough , and with our panniers , flour , prorisions , &c , our tools would not be less than 5 ( Ubii veight . We cannot buy any provisions for thirty miles on one part of the way ; then we could only get flour or a quarter of a sheep . I will show you how to bake bread in the open field , if lever should see you again , —requiring no kind of oven , and nothing but the fire ; if any of the middle-class swells will ' call on me on flrst landing , I'll show them howtlief can dispense with their blacking and Btarch .
411 am happy to say I am tolerable , contented , and doing moderately—one thing or oth « r , but four days a week I shoot . I have a nine months' season before roe , and 1 supply the steam-boats at 30 per cent , on my former prices , as poultry hero lias now become scarce . I only wish I had a partner ; I can Bell a . ny quantity , arid in one lot too for ready money , and t can earn fair wages . I will take note and let you know exactly -what I get this season by shooting only . I think it will average 10 f . per week , but I shall be
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April 29 , 1854 . ] THE LEADER . 395
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Leader (1850-1860), April 29, 1854, page 395, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2036/page/11/
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