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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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English , must be in a position to operate effectaally on the Russians in Bulgaria for the relief of Silistria . That fortress at the * latest dates held put against the Russians . It is estimated that there were 100 , 000 men around Silistria and -at Kalarasch ; 30 , 000 had been hurled upon the fortress , but every attack had been ^ effectually repelled upto the 30 th . On the 29 th , indeed , the latest and fiercest attempt to storm "was repulsed with great slaughter , the eldest son of Count Orloff being among the slain , or severely wounded ; and on the morning of the 30 th ,
before day-break , the Turks made a rash upon the besiegers , and slaughtering them in the trenches , they spiked many . guns . It is affirmed that General Schilders has persuadedrPrince Paskiewitch to abandon all idea of storming the place , and to trust to the slower but surer process of the sap aid mine . So much for Silistria . There is now reason to believe that a portion of Luders ' corps has entered Bulgaria , and communicated with the besiegers ; and that the advanced patrols of the Cossacks have gone so far south as Bazardschick .
In Iiesser Wallachia the Turks , it appears , made a triumphant march to the . Aluta with . 30 , 000 men , beating the Russians in one or two encounters , notably near Radovan , where a Cossack regiment was liteittlljr cut to pieoes , and in front of Slatina , where 600 Russians were left , dead on the field , and four guns were taken . The stone-bridge , over the Aluta , at Slatina , is guarded by Russians ; it is the high road to Bucharest , and Omar Pasha lias sent strict orders to -AITPasha , commanding the Kalafat army , tfo press on the flank of the Russian right wing . At present , then , the storm is gathering on the front and right flank of the Russians . In the Black : Sea the squadron returned to Baitchick on the 20 th . " On the 21 st Admiral Hamelin forwarded to Paris this resume of the operations of the fleets ?—
" On board tie ship La Yille de Paris , Baltchick , my 21 , 1854 . " Monsiear le Ministre , —rHaving left Kavarna on the 17 th of April to commence their operations of war in the Black Sea ^ the two combined s quadrons 6 ast anchor on the 20 th of M »^ befor e Baltchick , where they immediately set about taking in the necessary water and provisions . "It has sot depended upon us that the acts of war with Which the craise of more than a month has been sown were sot more numerous or more important ; bat the Russian naval . forces have kept themselves so completely shut up in jSebast opol , under the shelter of the thousand cannon of that port , that during twenty days yassed in-cruising at a little distance from that point , we have not been able to bring a angle one ef the enemy's ships to fight—not even with our scouts .
u On the other band , our steam cruisers brought in from all parts of the Black Sea vessels carrying the Russian flag , which constitute ^ a sufficiently large number of captures since the commencement of hostilities ; and finally , the division of ste ^ m ^ ships and frigates sent on a mission along the coast of Circassia have ascertained that the Russians themselves have abandoned the forts arranged daring more than half a century , and-after so much labour And so many combats , over the 200 leagues of coast which separate Anapa , near the Sea of Azoff . from the port of Batoum , in the-neighbourhood of the Turkish frontiers—a new check , it appears to me , to the Muscovite power . 14 In short , Monsieur le Ministre , if your Excellency will well consider that the imperial port of Odessa has been completely destroyed by our steam « rs ; that the Russian fleet defied in its ports , has not dared to leave them for the purpose
^•^ n ¦ m « - > tain « lL . 1 _» l . 1 i . 1 * + ••_ . »_ *•* V ~ F _ of avenging that check ; that it is interdicted , under pam of capture , to the Russian flag henceforth to plough the waters of the Black Sea , which hitherto the Czar has put forth the pretension of making a Muscovite lake ; if one considers , in fine , that all the Russian possessions on the coast of Circassia have , been destroyed or abandoned , and that , consequently , the flank of the Russian army in Asia finds itself uncovered one cannot help acknowledging that the first phase of the operations of the squadrons has already produced results which are pretty notable , all to the advantage of the Western Powers , and all to the detriment of the Russian influence in the Black Sea . " I am with respect &c ., " Hamelin , " Vice-Admiral , Commander-in-Chief of the Black Sea Squadron . "
The actual fact about the Circassian forts appears to be this : —Sir Edmund Lyons with his squadron had steamed down the coast as far as Soujah Kaleh . That fortress and Anapa were the only forts remaining in the possession of Russia . AU the forts south of Soujah Kaleh have be « n evaeuated . Officers of the squadron have established communications with Schamyl . The squadron a . lso captured three brigs two with a living cargo ; 200 soldiers were retained prisoners of war ; 200 non-combatants , women , children , sick , and wounded , were Landed at Soujah Kaleh under a flag of truce .
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The affairs in Greece seem to be in a fair way towards settlement , and the Anglo-French intervention seems to have borne some fruit . On the 26 th May King Otho invited the French and English Ministers to meet him , and addressed them as follows r— - " I declare that I will faithfully observe a strict neutrality towards Turkey ; that I will without delay take all the necessary measures to effect it , and that for this object I will call to my counsel n « w Ministers , who , by their character and their intelligence , are the best calculated to carry this engagement of mine into execution . " Mr . Wyse , as the senior Minister , replied—¦
" Sire , —We shall hasten to report to oar Governments the words which your Majesty has addressed to us , and we doubt not that , by giving your support to the new councillors whom your Majesty has deigned to call to your aid , we shall have no longer to transmit to our courts any information but what will be very satisfactorily as regards Greece . " The latest telegraphic despatches state that a new Ministry has been formed ; but we are not in possession of the names . The statement in the papers is that the chief minister is to be Mavrocordato , with General Kalergi as Minister of War . Several other Greeks are mentioned , whose characters are not so much superior to those we have named .
The Moniteur of Thursday states that the insurrection in Epiru 8 has been put down , but that the accounts from Thesnaly are not so satisfactory . The Palrie of this evening states , in a semi-official way , that the account given by private telegraphic despatch from Thessaly was greatly exaggerated , and that reinforcements have been sent against the insurgents , which will render all further success by them impossible . The same journal mentions an instance of tyranny on the part of the Russians which is scarcely credible . It has already been stated , that previous to some of the assaults upon Silistria the Greek priests with the army were ordered to put up prayers for success , and to administer the sacrament to the soldiers . On one of these occasions , says the Patrie , two Polish sub-officers refused , on the ground of their being Roman Catholics , to take the sacrament according to tho rites of tho Greek Church . For this refusal they were tried by a court-martial and shot .
A slight change has taken placo in the personnel of the Turkish Ministry . Mehemofc Pasha ., formerly Minister of Marine , becomes Grand Vizier , vjco Mustnpha Pacha , and Hail Pacha , brother-in-law of tho Sultan , succeeds to the post of Minister of Marine .
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The Moniteur announces the organisution of camps in the north and south . The Emperor wul be Commander-in-Chief of the camp in the north . Baraguay d ^ Hilliers , Guesviller , and Carrelet will command three eorps cTarme ' e . General Hautpoul will be Commander-in-Chief of the camp in the south . The Moniteur de VArm . ee , correcting the public journals , informs us that the actual sites of the camps have not yet been determined on . Admiral Baudin died this week at Paris . Ha was much respected in the service .
Marshal de St . Arnaud has . sent bitter complaints to Marshal Vaillant , the Minister of War in Paris , of the conduct of Prince Napoleon since his arrival in the East . He declares that tlie entourage and intimate friends of tho Prince , consisting , as they do , of the most violent of the refugees , may seriously em . barr . ass the commanders of the armies , and disturb the plan of the campaign . These complaints were on Saturday last brought by Marshal Vaillant before the Council of Ministers held at the Palace of St . Cloud , when the Emperor authorised Marshal Vaillaint to say , that if Prince Napoleon ' s presence was a real source of embarrassment , he would be recalled .
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The constitutional festival was held at Copenhagen on the 5 th . inst . by 60 , 000 persons . It passed off without accident or commotion . The court was absent . The programme for the day included the publication of an important document , the draught of which had received many influential signatures . This was a proposal for the formation of a league or association for the protection of the fundamental law or ' constitution of the monarchy . In their address the promoters say : — "We are induced to publish this invitation in consequence of the unsatisfactory- result of the negotiations of the last Diet . The manner in which tho Government endeavoured to carry out the constitution for the whole Danish monarchy granted by his Majesty and
promulgated by the royal decree of the 28 th January , 1852 " , has been hitherto so very far from giving a favourable solution of the problem , that there is every reason to fear it may eventually lead to fresh complications , and not impossibly to an ultimate dismemberment of the different integral parts of the kingdom . We are therefore inclined to believe that the difference « f opinion which exists between the responsiblo ministers of tho crown and the constitutionally elected legnl representatives of the people , as to the mode of settling this important question , is of a nature to call forth the most serious and well-grounded apprehensions for the future in th « minds of all true and loyal Danish men , lovers ot their country and of liberty . "
Further on they aay : — "It appears to us of tho greatest importance to invite all good and true Danish men to unitothomselves iirrnly , in the noble cause of defending tho fundamental luw from any direct or indirect attack . The legj' - timate ways and means for such a defence are contained m the fundamental law itself , and tho people are not only allowed , but enjoined , to make full use of these constitutional means . Tho onl y thing to take caro of is to ensure the needful peace nnd order , and the organisation of & powerful executive organ , to demonstrate anu enforce the will ot the people . This can bo effected by the formation of tho association wo propose to found The central committee must necessarily have iLtt seat in the capital , where tho Diet ( Itcichudug ) is ulso convened ; provincial committees can be
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According to very good authority . Austria lias forwarded an " impressive note" to St . Petersburg . On the same authority it is stated that tho contents of this note may be summed \ ip as follows : — " Austria therein formally communicates to Russia the recently concluded Austro-Prussian treaty of alliance , and statcB that this treaty waa the natural consequence of the principles to which Austria and Prussia have civon their adheaion at tho Vienna Conference , and pledged themselves to the Western Powers from the beginning of the Eastern complication , namely that tho military occupation of the Dunubian Principalities by Russia was an
act committed iu defiance of all international rights , and that the evacuation of these provinces of the Ottoman territory must be regarded as a conditio sine qua non with the four Powers represented at the Congress , whose firm resolve it' was to maintain the independence of the Sultan and the integrit y of the Ottoman dominions . Furthermore , reference is made to the unceasing exertions of the German Powerd to bring about a peaceable solution of this unhappy Eastern complication ; and profound regrets are expressed at the present disastrous disturbance of the peace of Europe , which has haplessly resulted from the natural development of events , that were easily to be foreseen , as the inevitable consequences of a policy deprecated by all the other great Powers , and counselled and remonstrated
against in the most friendly and devoted spirit by them all , but more especially by Austria and Prussia . The document then adverts to the stern necessity of the case , which renders it incumbent upon Austria , in the rightful defence of her own interests and those of Germany , at large , to insist now -upon the evacuation of the Turkish Danubian territories . Finally , a hope is earnestly and __ impressively expressed , that the Emperor of Russia , will , eveu now , and ere it be too late , acquiesce in this just demand , and thus relieve Austria , and all his allies in Germany , from the painful consequences which the alternative—that is , a refusal—would undoubtedly entail upon them for the future . It is therefore suggested that the Czar should fix a period within which he will engage to evacuate the Ottoman territory In question . The whole note is couched in the mo 3 t friendly and considerate terms ; but there is an unmistakeable earnestness and resolution in its
tone , highly creditable to the Austrian Government , and one which cannot fail to make a deep impression at St . Petersburg . "' The answer to this note , it is expected , will arrive at Vienna between the 20 th and 24 th of Jane . The Moniteur has published the text of instructions sent by the Divan to the commanders-general of the provinces of Janina , Tricala , Herzegovina , Bosnia , f > cutari , Albania , and Salonica ; as also to the Paclia of Belgrade , to the Imperial Commissary in Epirus , Fuad Effendi , and to the Governor of . Roomelia . These functionaries are thereby informed that the Austrian Government will send some vessels to support the , ' cordon established on the . frontiers of Greece by
the Western Powers , and will also cause to advance towards Albania a portion of the troops which are in the district of Cattaro , to prevent the insurrectionary movement extending to the north of the province , and to prevent the Montenegrins joining the rebels , should they feel inclined to do so These measures have been concerted between the Porte and the Court of Vienna ; and the Turkish authorities are directed to recognize the Austrians as friends , and treat them with all possible attention . The Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia were to
meet yesterday at Chemnitz or Tetschen , on the Bohemian frontier . Counts Buol Schauenstein and Alvensleben from Vienna , and Count Thun , ambassador from Berlin , have been" suddenly summoned by telegraph to attend this unexpected cenference . Baron Manteuffel accompanies the King . Count Arnim has been also 1 summoned , but illness prevents him from attending . The object of this meeting is totally unknown , but it is conjectured to have some relation to Russian proposals . Prussia has forbidden the export of ammunition of every description .
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The Presse has a letter of tho 21 st ult ., from St . Petersburg , by which wo learn that the inhabitants of that capital
kno \ v little or nothing of what is going on in the world . The official reports have all along been so favourable that the St . Petersburgers are somewhat astonished that the army is not yet at Adrianople . The blockade of the Baltic ports has caused a great tailing off in the Customs . In 1853 the receipts from January till the end of May were 15 , 000 , 000 silver roubles , but in the first quarter of the present year they have only amounted to one-fourth of that sum . The Emperor , who writes a great deal , is assisted by his sons , and particui Iarly by the Grand Duke Constantine . The general impression in the Russian capital is , that the war will be a long one , although it will be carried on with the greatest energy . Both '
sides of the mouth , of the Neva are strongly fortified , and the police has issued orders for the guidance of the inhabitants of the capital in case of attack . If Cronstadt is taken , the old men , women , and children , are to quit St . Petersburg immediately , the pavement pulled up , and the consecrated bells and pictures conveyed to Moscow . It is , however , confidently asserted in the proclamation that the rocks and artillery of Cronstadt will be the ruin of the hostile fleets . The Moniteur de la Flotte says , that ** A letter from the Gulf of Finland gives some details relative to the late visit of the Emperor of Russia to Cronstadt , in company with the Grand Duke Constantine . After having passed in review , the 12 , 000 men of the Imperial Guard sent to reinforce tha garrison , the Emperor ordered a representation of a defence
on the part of the forts Constantine , Alexander , Peter I ., and Cronstadt , which command the entrance of the pass . They fired for an hour , bat did not , it appears , give much satisfaction to the Grand Duke Constantine , who is considered a good judge of such matters . The Emperor afterwards visited three screw steamers , the Czar , the Constantine , and the Viborg , which axe now being tecnunated , but wliose machinery , ordered in England , is still wanting . He then went to see a new apparatus for obstructing the passage into the port , ana which was invented by an American engineer , consisting of a square wooden framework filled with enormous stones , and
presenting sharp stakes sticking out and coming to nearly the level of the water . It is said that the immersion of these machines is a difficult matter , and that they do not answer . Th « Emperor seemed oat of spirits during his visit to Cronstadt . That circumstance did not tend to remove the disquietude of the population ; and the next day great terror was excited by the fact of the general and the colonel charged with the direction of the artillery , as well as the colonel of engineers , being sent off to the Caucasus , to serve in the army in their grades , but at the bottom ot th « list for each . Every person has been forbidden to quit Cronstadt for fear of augmenting the public disquietude . .
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V 536 THE LEADER . L Saturdat ,
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Leader (1850-1860), June 10, 1854, page 536, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2042/page/8/
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