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ness , and unalterable calmness , to make apologies ; but it was not till he appealed a second time to the most sensitive part of the British constitution —the pocket—that he succeeded in making his meaning clear . There wa 3 one bright exception to this hubbub and uproar : it was the presence of Mademoiselle Clauss , like an angel of peace , at the grand pianoforte . She never played more beautifully , and was rapturously recalled . M . Vivler ' s fantastic extravaganza on the French horn did not succeed , however , in preserving the better feelings of the audience . We came out of the theatre in a crush of sho-wily-dressed " ladies and gentlemen , " evidently habitues of Exeter-hall rather than of the Opera , interspersed with indignant clergymen who were taking their money back . They had raved at Mario as they would weep at a Stowell or a Macneil . It was not , on the whole , a
gratifying sight to a patriotic Englishman , this indecent outburst of coarse ingratitude to a great singer , "who for twenty years never , except in very rare cases of positive illness , deserted an engagement or failed in service to the public . But we beg the intelligent foreigner to remember that it is the " religious public" who compose the audience on these occasions : the Bashibajouks of Exeter-hall , who have a proper horror of the stage—except en deshabille . No doubt there were some country cousins , "who seize the opportunity of a monster concert , not so much for what they may hear there as for the sake of astonishing their provincial Browns by having Jieard Grisi and Mario ; and their disappointment was natural enough . But the " religious public" it is who carry the behaviour of Exeter-hall into the more harmonious arena of tke Royal Italian Opera . E . P .
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Relation of lNr > raESTiox to Consumption asd Scrofula . —Many scrofulons and phthisical subjects are not dyspeptic , or only become so in the advanced stages of the malady : on the other hand , many dyspeptic subjects never become scrofulous or phthisical . In order that dyspepsia coincide with tubercular disease , the Functions of the Lungs andSkijt MUST BE SIMULTANEOUSLY AND PROTRACTEDLY INACTIVE . Now a majority of dyspeptics are careful of their diet , eschew excesses , breathe a pure air , take much exercise , and keep their skins in high condition , giving-tliem every advantage of clothing , and bathing , and
suitable temperature m-doors . Besides , they are generally keen men of business , or ardent students , and , with occasional anxieties , liave on the whole much pleasurable mental excitement . AUthese are conditions totally opposed to the inroads of consumption ; But let the circumstances of the case be reversed—let the individual be ill-fed , ill-warmed , ill-housed , illventilated , ill-habited , the inmate perhaps of a celler-residence , or a prison-cell , with depressed spirits , &c ., —and it will be a miracle if ho do not soon ex liibit some form of scrofula , most probably an incipient turbercular deposit in his lungs . But these morbid consequences take place less becmise of the implication of the digestive organs than because his lungs and skin Jiavo been condemned to comparative , if not absolute , inactivity . Soldiers on a retreat , and starving , droop of fevers by the wayside , but never become tuberculous . —The Water-Cure in Consumption and Scrofula , bv Dr . Balbimie .
Man not a Sedentary Animal . —The structure and functions of man show that he was not intended to be by any means a sedentary animal ! Those who live the longest , and enjoy the be 3 t healtli , are invariably persons of active habits . From the moment man becomes a civilised being , the depuvatory process of his blood becomes less perfect—in other words , the grand excretory functions of his skin and lungs are less completely exercised . From that moment begins Scrofula to show its ravages on his frame ! Why ? Because his habits become then less conformable to the instinctive requirements of his constitution . His exercise is less frequent or less natural—either unremitting or not at all : his lungs are compelled to long periods of comparative inactivity ; and his skin is equally diminished in function by loads of superfluous clothing , as well as made suscoptiblo to every . atmospheric variation of all sorts of " coddline" in warm rooms . By all these anti-hygienic agencies .
the blood of the civilised man is infinitely less oxygenated than bofore . He voluntarily debars himself of the means of carrying off the effete matters of his body . 'When the lungs are imperfectly exorcised , it is impossible for the skin to be healthily active in its duties , for the two go together . Baths and cleanliness are indeed a great compensation . But nothing perfectly compensates the want of active exertion in a pure air , for nothing else can perfectly keep open the body ' s safety-valves , or secure tho perfect elimination of the corporeal waste . And vv-non tho products of decomposition are not all thrown out , a virtual and valid materies morbi remains to vitiute tho process of rceomnosition . Henco tho commencing loss of high condition whenevor man comes materially to infringe tho hygienic laws—when superfluous food or pernicious drinks combine with tho want of due activity of lungs and skin to dorango
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the balance between waste and supply . Even the diet may be proper as to quantity and quality , an « i the alimentary canal may be kept clean , but all will not avail to produce healthy blood and firm textures , so long as the pulmonary and cutaneous safety-valves are marred in their play . It is a grand truth , of which we challenge refutation , viz ., that no one WITH PERFECTLY- ACTING LUNGS AND SlCIN EVER BECOMES SCROFULOUS , , BEING scrofulous , long remains scrofuloos . People only become consumptive , whentogether with causes impairing the general . health—the active play of the lungs is impeded from any circumstance whatever , bad posture , confinement , absorbing passions , or inflammations which consolidate portions of the pulmonary tissue . —The Water-Cure in Consumption and Scrofula , by Dr . Balbimie . Influence of Age upon the Predisposition to Consumption and Scbofula . — The susceptibility of the constitution to tubercular manifestation is greatest at the commencement of life , and decreases progressively with its advance . The solids and fluids undergo physiological changes as years creep on . In infancy , for example , the blood is less abundant in solid constituents and in red corpuscles , than from maturity to middle life . Besides , the frame naturally sets , and hardens with its growth—aecmires increased stamina
and durability with time , aud is better able to resist deteriorating influences . There is every reason to suppose , therefore , that these functional and organic modifications—the result of the natural phases of corporeal development—are efficient counteractives , within certain limits , of the tubercular taint or tendency . Particular ages predispose to particular varieties of tubercular disease . Inflammation of the brain is characteristic of infancy ; Scrofula is most frequent in childhood and youth ; and Consumption in early maturity . Till puberty scrofulous manifestation is on the increase : it then rapidly and progressively declines till between forty and fifty years ofage , when the liability becomes almost extinct . The liability , however , to death from Scrofula , does not begin to decline till between twenty and twenty-five years of age . From twenty to twenty-five , on to thirty-five and forty years of age , Consumption reaches its maximum of frequency , and then progressively decreases . It is a popular idea , but an incorrect one , that if persons have passed the middle term of life , or its grand climacteric , they may calculate on an exemption from Consumption . The disease , however , is far from unfirequent up to the age of sixty ; and even at seventy , eighty , ninety , and one hundred , its ravages are" not unknown . —The Water- Cure in Consumption and Swofula , by Dr . Balbimie .
Influence of Temperature as a cause of Consumption and Sckofula . —• Modifications of temperature per se are totally inadequate as a determinating cause of the tubercular constitution . The population of cold climates evince no peculiar liability to Consumption or Scrofula , nor do those of hot climates evince any peculiar exemption . British soldiers stationed in cold climates Qe . g . Canada ) are even less invalided for Consumption and Scrofula . than those stationed iu warm ( e . g . West Indies ) , or even intemperate climates ( Great Britain ) . Consumption is rare in Greenland , Iceland , Lapland , and Kussia —countries that onght to be very rife with the disease , if simple inclemency of climate has aught to do with its causation . According to the statistical reports of the United States ' army , 10 3-10 per 1000 is the average deaths from Cpnspmption in the Southern states ; while in the most inclement parts of the Northern only 5 ; i-10 per 1000 are attacked . The records of the British Army show the same extra frequency of Consumption in Southern regions as compared with Northern . The proportions of attacks at various stations was as follows .- —Jamaica , 13 per 1000 ; West Indies , 12 ; Bermuda , 9 ; Canada . 6 * ; United
Kingdom , 6 J . —The Water-Cure in Consicttiption and Scrofula by Dr . Balbimie . Salutary Influence of Cold in Consumption . —It may be safely laid down , that coldness of temperature , per se , is rather a preservative against , than a promoter of . Consumption , Phthisis is unknown in the Arctic regions . A cold bracing , air offers infinitely greater chances of cure than a warm relaxing climate , even of the temperate ' zone . Accordingly we find some of the best cures of those not advanced in tlie disease effected in Malvern in the winter season ; but for severer cases , its bracing summer and autumn are the best seasons . In cold weather the digestive organs are sooner regulated , and more easily kept in condition :. hunger , and tho appetite for oxydisable materials , is greater , and—provided the right kind of food be supplied , with sufficient exercise and proper clothing , as well as obedience to the hygienic laws in other respects—an entire resistance to the morbid effects of cold is secured . In fact , it is the heat-elaborating functions of the body , duly regulated that constitutes one of the most beneficial elements of the water-cure . —The Water-Cwe in Consumption and Scrofula , hij Dr . Balbivnh .
The Influence of Clothing on Consumption . —Insufficient protection of the chest by dress is popularly , and even professionally , considered an active agent in producing Consumption . But there does not seem much show of reason for this opinion . The most exposed out-door labourers — hawkers and other people very inefficiently clad , aud certainly not over-scrupulous in hygienic observances—are least liable to Consumption . In fact we have ho masons , bricklayers , plasterers , stuccoers , And hodmen in the list of applicants at the Brompton Hospital — the class precisely that slionld present in greatest numbers — if exposure to all weathers , nnd scanty clothing , were verv operative in the causation of the malady under discussion . Probably it will ha found that the most freqnent sufferers from phthisis are the persons who have prided themselves most on their
punctilious avoidance ot exposure , aud their euro m protecting themselves by clothing . The grcator liability of males—in the metropolis at least—than females , to -whom fashion assigns innch less covering to the chest—proves tho alleged influence of deficient clothing to be ill-founded . At Grajfenbera , where to go without great-coats , or uven neckerchief ' s , was tho mode , coughs and colds wuro very rare—and this in a winter season quite Siberia ! It is matter of familiar observation that those who mufflo up most about tho throat are the most liable to throat affections ; whilst to abjure muffling is the certain euro , or " hardener . By parity of reasoning—and of experience too—I liavj no doubt it will be found that tho most free of chest complunits are those who aro most frco of " bosom-friends , " hair skins , " comforters , " and all sorts of swaddling-lnnds about tho throat and chest . —Tho Water Curo in Consumption and Scrofula , by Dr . Balbimie .
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July 15 , 1854 . ] THE LEADER . 669
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G-risi has appeared in La Favorita—the first of the three operas in winch it was announced that she would sing , during the supplementary eight nights of her renewed engagement . Her farewell benefit is fixed for the 7 th of August . .
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BIRTHS , MAURI AGES , AND DEATHS . BIRTHS . LINCOLN . —July 8 , at 53 , QueonAnno-stroot , tho wifo or tho Bishop of Lincoln ; adaughtor . MORI—July 0 , nt 27 , Milton-stroot , Dorsot-squaro , Mrs . Prank Mori : a daughter . PETC— -July II , nt 12 , Kensington Palace-gardens , Hydopark . tho wifo of J , Morton Poto , Esq ., M . P .: n son . STEWART . —In Eolgravo-squaro , Lady Ootnvia Shaw Stewart : a son . WATjPOLH . —At Ralnthorpo Hall , Norfolk , tho Hon . Mrs . Frederick Walpole ; a son . MARRIAGES . DOMVILia—MEADE . —July 12 , by tho Roy . the Lord Sayo and Sole , 'William Uonipton , Hceoiid non of Sir Compton pomvilo , of Snutry Mouse , comity Dublin , Bart ., to Garollno , sixth daughter of tho late Gouornl the lion . Robort Monde , and granddaughter of Jolin , llrst lOurl of Clanwilllam . HALnniRTON-lIALIttURTON . — Juno 37 , nt Windsor , Novn Scotia , Alexander Fowdon ltaliburton . Nsq ., to AuRuutn Louisa Ntivillo , daughter or tho Hon . lilr . JumMoo Hnllburton , of Clifton , near Windsor . HAMPSON-ENGLAND . — July lU . at Kooloaton , Lancashire ) , Sir QoorKui Vranots Hnruimon , 15 avt ,, Captain , SooIm GrovH , to Ann , only ohild of Thomas Ilutchlngs lOiiBland , l' ] H ( i ., Snittorflold , Warwi « kshii-o . M . ^ . T . r S . TI [ 1 ? fjlS-Jnl . V 8 Hl - nt Hockdold Church , Sir William Koith Murray , Hurl ,., of Oohtortyro and Dunottar , North Jirltain , to tho Lady Adolalilo ' Augusta JLttvlnla IlatttliiKH , youngest dmiKhtor of Frauds , llrst Marquis of Hustings , und Flora , QountosH of Loudoim .
RANDOLPH - BOSOAWEN . - July 13 , at St . James ' s OhurW , Piccadilly , tho Rev . Lovoson O . Randolph , son of tholtov . Thomau Randolph , to tho Hon . Anno Boscawon , fifth daughter of the late Hon . and Roy . J . Evelyn JJoscawon . "WOODS—HINDLKY .-July 12 , at St . Margaret's West . minster , Houry Woods , Esq ., of Wigan , to Hannah , only child of Charles Hindley , Esq ., M . P . WHMTINOHAM-BBID . —July 13 . at St . James ' s Church , Paddvngtpn , Liout .-Oolonol Ferdinand "Wliittingham , O JJ ., Twouty-sixth Camoronmns , second son of tho lato Liout .-Goncral Sir Stamford Whlttingham , K . O . B ., K . C . H ., to Ohnrlotto Anno , third daughter of tho lato Novilo Reid . Esq ., of Rnnnyinodo , Old Windsor , and granddaughter of FranoiB , sovonth Lord JNapior . MATHS . ALEXANDER . — July 10 . at 10 . Fitzwilliam-squaro East , Dublin , tho Lady Ellxnboth Alexander , sinter of tho lato Earl of Oalodon . BEItKMLEY . —Juno 3 , at Moxico . ^ vhoro ho was First Attaolio to tlw IMtUh Legation , in hla twenty-ninth your , Aloximdor IJoury HaaUiipcn Horkoloy , oeoond aon of Gunorai Sir George Uorkoloy , K . O . B . CARL VON . — July . 1 , at his Heat , Trogohan , Cornwall , Mnjor-Ooiiural Carlyoii * agod aovonty . OBJ 5 SHLA . M . —Juno 2 ff , on board H . M . 8 . St . George , linltio Hoot , Lioutonant ) Thonut » OroHliani , lt . N , SCOTT . —July 8 , W . Soott , Eho ^ for twonty-sovon voara nrofojiwr of niathoumtiOM at , tho Ityynl Military CoUpko , Biuidhuvat , in tho titty -llrnt , year of hia ago . SOOTT .-July n , at Poluaiiy . James SinyiU Scott , Q . C ., JrulniMl , ngou uovonty-two .
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MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTEIXIGEKCE . Fritlny Evening , July M , ISM . Cowsoi-s have l ) con considerably depressed during tho wook . The weather has influenced tho market ; a good many of tho old" Boar" party having ohangod their tactics and necomo " Bulla , '' cot frightened and oloscd thoir accounts , sonio real bonajido sales and a couple of disastrously wot days did the rest , and at one tinno on Wednesday Consols wero 905 J ; yesterday they roso to 92 , and to-day havo fluctuated hotween 4 ) 1 and 1 ) 2 . Railway shares arc flat , savo Leeds and Pans and Lyons . Crystal Pain co shares are already at n discount , although a trifle bettor this morning . In iuIiioh but little doing , Aqua Friaa a shade better . Vcninmilas have had thoir meofcmg , and a Hatisfaetory tttatoniont from Captain John Ilitchiius has boon presented , but hoiimi talk of another cnll has deprossod tho uharos ; thoy nro only a premium at present , with a 2 s . (! d . dividend j > or shnro to come oil' . Tho Hank roturu to-morrow will bo very fair , and may drlvo upOonMol . s to IKS a « ain . Consols olofud at A o ' clock 1 ) 1 Dlfl . Consols , 01 , i )| | i Caledonian , IWJ , ( WI i Olicster and llolylioad , ir > i , l « i ) Eastern OouiiMw , Vi , lilii Kdiithurgh and Glasgow , M > , ilii ; Oroat WVMoru , 7 Hil , 7 Ui , Lauonahiro and Yorkshire , ( JflJ , ( 1 ( 1 } i London , llrfKhton , and South ( Joust ., 107 , 103 x 11 . ; London and Nortli-Wostern . 103 , 10 , 'tS i London land Soutih-WeMtorn Ki > d , NSj ; Midland . flB } , ( 56 4 i Oxford , Worcester , uiul Wolvorlmmplbii , JU ) , !) 2 ; ScoUIhIi Centrals , 02 , IM ; South KiirtMirn , 024 , iy 'H > South Walos , an . 3 fl : York , NowoasMo , ami Horwlok , 724 7 ill i York and North Mid . land , n ;» i , OUli Antwerp and llottordain , IM , ilj Uis . i Enht Indian , it , U | im . j Luxembourg » fl ! 5 { | Madras , 1 dls . J pm . '
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Leader (1850-1860), July 15, 1854, page 669, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2047/page/21/
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