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aspects of Catholicism throughout the -world , and points out as a curious fact , that everywhere Catholicism is now settling into complete ultramontairism—all modified forms of Catholic belief giving way before this its most pronounced type . He says : — Catholicism has gained strength since the first French Revolution . The EVench clergy , as a body , thoroughly interpenetrated -with the fear cf any assertion of freedom , are no longer the defenders of the liberties of the Gallican Church against the encroachments of the Holy See . To be a Catholic is now to be -wholly submissive to the Pope . One mind actuates , in this respect , the whole clerical establishment . And it is true of the Romish Church all over the world , that it encounters less resistance than ever before , whether secret , among the clergy , or open , among professedly Catholic rulers . It is a strict unity in the United States and in England , in the South American and Mexican States . Austria has become thoroughly submissive , and Spain has recently , by a concordat , re-established perfect freedom of concurrent action between the episcopate and the Pope- All opposition to a centralising influence seems completely overcome at present .
In the s : ime Review there is a Light and somewhat dashing paper on Young , the poet , in which Mr . Gilfillan , Young's latest editor , is severely handled . There is also a propos of Young and Mr . Gilfillan , a foot-note attack on Mr . StanyanBigg , Mr . Alexander Smith , Mr . Bailey , and the " Firmilian" group of poets . Slackivood is decidedly heavy this month , despite another brisk article on the " Censas" and its revelations . The political article accuses Ministers of pusillanimity in the early conduct of the war ; advocates decided dealing with Prussia ; predicts tremendous trials of our natural prowess yet coming ; threatens woe to " the minister , who from credulity or previous leanings , or absolute 'inherent weakness and * incapacity , fails at-such a time ; " and demands a meeting of Parliament ' immediately . "
Fraser is more lively and varied than JBlackwood . There is a political article , of a plain and not very deep kind , on " Russian defeats and their effect on Europe , " at the close of which the writer takes civilian critics of the war to task for their strictures on . Lord Raglan and his military associates , and maintains that Lord Raglan is a man to fee thoroughly trusted . There is also an onslaught on poor Lieutenant Royer , for his book on Russia ; there is a biographic sketch of the chemist Dalton , ; there as another curious paper on " Italian Patois Books ; " and there is an interesting account of a visit to Messrs . Truman and Hambury ' s brewery , under tie title of " London Stout , " containing a good many facts respecting the brewing business . Among other facts , the writer states ithat this firm saves 2000 / .. a year , by Laving adopted an appai'atus for consuming their own smoke .
The way this is accomplished is very simple . An endless-jointed and rather open blanket-chain , the -width of the furnace , is made to revolve over two rollers placed at either end of the fire . This chain consequently forms thebase or platform upon which the coal rests . One end of this revolving platform extends a couple of feet or so beyond the furnace door , and on this portion a quantity of screened or dust coal is al-ways kept . " When a fresh supply of fuel is required , the engineer has only to turn a handle , the chain works on a couple of feet ) and whilst the coal is insinuated under the clinkers at one end , the refuse is worked out of the furnace at the other . In order to test the power of tliis invention to consume the smoke , we were taken up to the roof of the brewery , which commands a view of the fourteen tall chimneys belonging to it . Not
a particle « f opaque vapour could be seen emerging from any one of them ; in fact , they looked as idle as the " silly buckets on the deck , " in the Ancient Mariner . These smokeless shafts , however , were a fine prospect , and as we gazed upon them , the atmosphere in the future , like a dissolving process in the views at the Polytechnic , became exquisitely clear , the newly-built columns came out sharp against the sky , the clouds of soot from St . Paul ' s dropped down like a black veil , and all the city , in oirr mind ' 3 eye , stood before us at midday , as clear , bright , and crisp as Paris appears from the Arc de Triomphe . Sooner or later this vision must be a reality ; the great factories within the limits of the city must consume their own smoke accenting-to law ; and now that Dr . Arnott has applied the same apparatus to the domestic hearth , we may reasonably hopo to see every frrate consume its own amoke .
The Dublin Unioersity Magazine contains much good matter , hut nothing especially novel requiring notice , Tail , amongst its articles , lias one on the " Pension List , " in which it finds fault with some items in the present distribution of the pension-funri , and , in particular , instances De Quince- * as a man who ought , by this time , to have had a pension . Bentley , &s usual , is very full in the department of light , sketchy narrative The National Miscellany is well-printed ; and that seems to bo about its chief merit . The month , of course , brings with it a new part of Mr . Knight's National Cyclopcedia , and on « of tho Art Journal
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The Daily News , while heartily approving , in the main , of tho schemo of tho " Working-Men ' s Collogo , " objects to tho name " College , " as applied to tke institution ; objects also to the notion of conferring degrees on the students , as at tho Universities ; and , above all , objects to ^ fcho regulation that tho students shall wear academic gowns . Wo think our contemporary decidedly wrong in tho greater pai ' t of those objections . The very aigniiicancy of the present project—that -which distinguishes it from nil previous institutions for tho evening-education of working men , such as readingrooms , courses of lectures , nnd the like— -is its formally colleginto character . The notion is really to furnish working men with tho elements of tho snrno instruction , with tho same forma and ucco > mpanimftnts , ns has hitherto beon reserved for the aristocracy . Deprive tlio present project of its name call it a Hchool , a course of lectures , or a rnoulniniea' institution a . iul there is nothing in it thut has not been before . True , it will be Ion " before tho Col lego can rival tho Colleges of tho rich in tho nature a . nd severity of its studies ; but tho uiixi ought , to bo to mnlco this poaaiblo , and to show that , in all our cities tin apparatus may exist which shall hring vvlmt ia beat in u uuivorsity training within roach of our artisans . Those who laugh at su « U a project aa chimerical , who Buy , " How can working ntoubo
expected , after a laborious day , to go throu gh a course of college study ?" simply show their ignorance of what is now common among our working men . Already there are many students among working-men , and the design is to organise these natural efforts and lead the thoughtful and persevering among our operatives into higher walks of knowledge and s peculation than random reading and extempore politics can be expected to open up for them . The Parisian operative is , in many cas&s , a highly educated man ; and had John Knox had his own way in Scotland , three centuries ago , he would have set up district-colleges as well as parish-schools , and secured
that every Scottish blacksmith and shoemaker should have a college-education . There is nothing impracticable in the scheme . Already there are English operatives who read Newton's Principia , and are deep in the sciences . Their number may be increased ; and the proper way to increase it is not by adopting means for making -working-men cease to be working-men , forego their natural politics , and abandon the sentiments of their % lass ; but by raising the intellectual standard of the class itself . The politics of a highly educated order of working-men will not be less formidable and anti-aristocratic than the present politics of our working-men , but will be guided by
a higher and more commanding logic . By all means , then , let the new college keep up every academic form that has y « t a significance in it . With the Daily News , indeed , we do doubt the good sense of making the students wear gowns . That custom is falling out of us& in our established colleges , and never was general ; and its liability to ridicule in the present case does away the good of any slight significance it ma . y have . Mr . Maurice , in a letter to the Daily News , says , the proposal to wear gowns was strongly opposed in the council of the college itself . It is a pity the opponents were not in the majority .
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Those who are curious to know where Madame George Sand got that wonderful prose style of hers which all so much admire , may feel an interest ia the fact , that in the recent chapters of her Autobiography in La Presse , she has published a series of letters written by her father , when a very young man , in the years 1798 and 1799—which letters have so much of her own ease and glowing grace of expression in them , that one cannot help feeling that her literary faculty is but the development of an . hereditary gift .
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It is unnecessary for us to call attention to the article in last week ' s Athenceitm , which , " putting this and that together , " was to explain the mystery of the obvious puffing of certain journals , particularly the Critio and the Laiv Times , in a boo-k entitled ' ¦ ' ¦ Handbook for Advertisers * * . published b y Mr . Effingham Wilson , but without printer ' s or author ' s name . The article has already made a sensation , an < d done a service to the cause of upright dealing in literature . We would point , however , to something more than an acute and well-timed exposure of an ugly practice- —it is a generous vindication by one established journal of the common rights of all journals . At a time when there is too much of that mean policy among our journals which leads them to ignore each other ' s existence , and studiously to avoid recognising ea « h other ' s efforts , it is refreshing to see a powerful journal like the Athenceum breaking through so paltry a rule , and acting on the principle that there may be fraternity and . mutual respect in the midst of commercial rivalry and intellectual difference .
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Tho appearance of Punch ' s Pocket-book , tlie Comic Zadkiel , and other merry publications of the kind , forewarns us that the time of Christmas and the Almanacs is approaching . As yet there is no great promise Of Christmas books , Mr . Thacktcray ' s being the onlj one regarding which there is any expectation . Messrs . Parkkr and Son announce a Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Matlianatics , to be editel by Mr . J . J . Sylvester and other men of high note in mathematical research ; the first number to appear on the 31 st of March , 1855 , The same publishers announce two volumes of Essays to appear early in 1855- —the one to be entitled Oxford Essays , and to consist of literary and scientific papers by members of the University of Oxford ; the other to be entitled Cambridge Essays , and to consist of similar papers by members of the aister-University . If < the volumes succeed , they will be continued annually . The public will be interested in seeing the two streams of thought thus jetted upon the nation
from tho two great seats of learning , and m comparing that which cornea fronx the older institution with its logic and its learning , with thut which comes from the younger , famous for its poets and its men of science . The non-admission into the volumes , also , of any thought not either pure Oxford or pure Cambridge will give the public an opportunity of judging whether tha intellectual virtue luxs gone out of theae institutions into soeiotiy at large . Tho long-announced volume of Cariosities of London , by the well-known and veteran Mr . John Titins , F . S . A ., ia now ready for publication by subscription . Tho author Ius been collecting materials for twenty-five yeara ; and the work w expected to bo one rich in interest . From the French papers we gather a moat interesting announcement : a now volume of Poems , by Vicxoa Hugo , is about to appear in Paris—tho noble
oxiLo ruHinnos hia singing robes of happier years , we may presume . From the same sources wo learn that tho vacant seat in t , Uo Academy is contented by i \ LM . JiiLita Janin , Ponsaud , Emilh Auqikr , and I ' ih ^ akkthGiiasucs , but in likely to be conferred on a far less popular candidate than ainy of theso—M . lo Vicomto de Fam-oux . Commenting on this , M . Louts Jourdan , in tho Silicic , cays : — " M . lo Vicomto do Fai . i-oux has the immense swlvnntago ovev his modest competitors of being a ' jjriind suignuur , ' an ex-ininitftor , and n friend of MM . ( Iijixot and . Salvanuv . Ho bus another superiority •" hu luw not fatigued the ouhoos of literary glory with his name , and will on tar tho Trintilutu with no heavier bng ^ iige thuu u little volume ol ^ 80 pivgus , entitled Louia XVf . I uiu told , indeed , thut iM . < lu Fai . i . oux Ihih ulso written thu life of uomo Pope or other . Tho clerical party has long ; arms at present-, they reach ovoii to beneath tho dome of tho liwtituto . " Another diatiuguiahed journalist , our / Vutud Kuuknk I ' isi-msa'AN , iu tho
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* 0 « 6 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 4, 1854, page 1046, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2063/page/14/
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