On this page
-
Text (10)
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
THE SUB-DIVISION OF LAND . Is a system of small holdings of land a good thing ? The question has been answered in the negative so often , and so authoritatively , that opinion on the point has been in danger of being extinguished . What if a new aspect has been-given to the subject by the result of statistical inquiry in two different countries . The Nation reproduces the question from the Northern Whig ( an able and " safe" paper ) , which indicates the beneficial result of the small holding system in Ulster : —
" We find the county of Down to be one of those counties in which the small holding system is carried to the greatest extent ( the greatest , we believe , with the exception of the county Armagh ); in which , also , the average of population bears the largest proportion to the area ; and , in connexion with these circumstances , cultivation and production rank the highest , and , at the same time , the smallest amount of destitution is indicated among its population . " ¦ This county contains a total area of 611 , 130 statute acres . Of this area , there are 87 , 399 acres returned as bogs , -waste , water , woods , and plantations , leaving 523 , 731 arable acres . We find this area divided into 30 , 683 holdings ; and , of . these , there are 26 , 309 which
do not exceed 30 acres in extent , and only 1257 in the class of 100 acres . . The largest number of any one class , is that of from 5 to 15 acres , containing 12 , 785 holdings ; and , if we divide the whole arable acres by the number of loldings , the average obtained is 17 ^ acres . "We find that the whole number of acres in cultivated crops , is 31 * 7 , 007—a quantity something above one half of the whole productive acres—and of this , there are 187 , 410 acres in corn , peas , and beans , yielding a produce estimated at 129 , 883 tons . The population of the county of Down , by the censtis of 1854 , is 328 , 754 , being at the rate of only about one and a half acres to eaeh head . The poor law valuation of 1851 , is 637 , 988 £ , about the average of 24 s . to the acre .
" We shall now compare these statistics of the county of Down with those of the county of Tipperary , which we select as possessing some of the finest laaids of Ireland , and the land divided into holdings of much larger extent . The whole area of the county of Tipperary is 1 , 048 , 969 statute acres , of which 187 , 846 are returned as bog , waste , water , woods , and plantations , leaving 861 , 123 as arable acres . This is more , than one half larger than the county of Down , yet the number of holdings is only 27 , 030 , whilst Down is divided into thirty thousand holdings , and the average of Tipperary is thirty-five acres , while that of Down is only about seventeen . We shall next compare the cultivation and production . The whole cultivated lands in . cereal and
green crops , amount to 313 , 796 acres in Tipperary , bearing a proportion to the arable area of little more than one third—whilst in Down the proportion is more than owe half . Of the above , there are in corn , peas , and beans 159 , 715 acres , and the production is estimated at 123 , 419 tons , whilst in Down , both the number of acres and the number of tons is larger than in Tipperary , notwithstanding the area of Down being so much smaller in extent . The population in Tipperary , by census of 1851 , is 331 , 487 , giving to each head 2 £ acres , and the valuation 618 , 148 ? ., being at the average of only 14 s per . acre , whilst in Down it is 24 s ., or more than one half higher . Here is a conclusive tost of the superior cultivation in the county of Down , because it is an indisputable fact that the natural quality of the lands of Tipperary
vastly exceeds that of the county of Down . Now , how 1 ms this increased value been created ? Wo answer , solely by the industry and capital of the small holders of Down . Spaco does not permit us to make similar comparisons with regard to Antrim and Armagh , but the general results will conlirm the same conclusions , more especially with regard to Armagh , Avhcre the average nine oftho farmers , as compared with the arublo area , is only about 12 sicres , and only about 1 J acres to each Ueiul of population . In the , county Antrim , tho average . size of holdings is about 20 acreH , and tho average acrofl to each head of population ( if tho town of Uolfast bo excluded ) are a little more than two acres , being n larger proportion of land to population thun cithor of tho other two counties . "
Again , tho effect of minuto subdivision , in the value and product of landed property in Franco U niiido tho subj ' uct of inquiry by the Si&cle . The matter is thus argued statistically : —¦ u cotiHtant onoiuie . i of our groat revolution do not cause , amongHt their pn « HioiuU «> and unjust attacks on nil Unit wan oniiihlirthoil mid rooted nmongst uh by 178 !) , to unsiuil with bit . toniow . i tho » yst-. « m of an oqunl division of an inhoriUinco uinongHt nil tho children of tho munu l ' uthor . ' It in Lhu ruin of Franco , ' they Hay ; ' tho ruin
of ayriculturo — misery and famine for ovov cutabllnhcd in the country , llurmh ! ' thuy add , ' for large funm — for OHtntcn an largo as proviucon , mu : h us woru formerly poasoSHod by nobltss and moults *! ' Wo hnvo ol ' iirn ndntirod tho inipuduucu of thumi complaints , and it in by ihruroB that wo will now rt'ply to thorn , and avon ^ i what It * perhaps , tho groutust conquest of all tlu > oifjjhtuuntii century . Wo know that tho bad tree could ulomi produce bad fruit , and that primiphit * of juntico and truth could not fail to open th « path to tho progress , luippinoHH , and Intellectual and material ndvanuuinviU of umUouh .
Untitled Article
OUR CIVILISATION . " Temple" morals have been illustrated by a curious Guildhall case . Giovanni Meitani , a " courier , " "was-charged with assaulting Mr . Sydney Stanbridge , of No . 2 , Paperbuildings , Temple , under thefollowmg circumstances : — Mr . Stanbridge stated that , between five and six o ' clock on Friday evening , he was about entering his chambers , when the prisoner , whom he observed on the landing , grappled with him , and in the struggle he ( prosecutor ) saw prisoner feel in the breast of liis coat , as if for some weapon to strike him with , and he therefore made his escape downstairs . The prisoner followed him , but did not catch him . During the scuffle , prosecutor
received a blow on the mouth . Alderman Rose inquired if he could account for the prisoner ' s attack upon him ?—Mr . Stanbridge said he could , but it was a curious story . The fact was , a lady came to stay at his chambers , and the prisoner came with her as her servant , but not approving of the prisoner ' s conduct , on account of his acting the spy upon all his actions , he discharged him , upon which the prisoner charged him with keeping his wife from him . —Alderman Rose asked Mr . Stanbridge if he was living with the lady in question ?—Mr . Stanbridge said the lady was staying at his chambers . —Alderman Rose requested Mr . Stanbridge to understand his question . He wished to know if he ( prosecutor ) was living with the lady?—Mr . Stanbridge admitted that he had been . —Tho prisoner here said that
the lady alluded to was his wife , and that tho prosecutor was keeping her from him . —Mr . Stanbridge most emphatically denied that the lady > vas tho prisoner ' s wife , and said , if such was tlie ease , he should not have taken her to live with him . —The prisoner persistod in his statement that the lady was his wife , and said ho only went to the prosecutor's chambers because ho knew his wife was always there . —Alderman Kose asked prosecutor if ho was still living with tho woman the prisoner culled his wife ?—Mr . tStanbridgo said he was not , but ho did not choose to give any explanation . He hoped the -worthy alderman would bind the prisoner over to keep the peace . —Alderman Hoso suid he saw nothing in tho case" to justify him in such a step ; but if Mr . Stanbridgo insisted , ho could indict tho prisoner at tho sessions . The prisoner was then discharged .
Untitled Article
The Fifth of November Protestantism has led to the annual explosion of a fire-work manufactory : — Mr . Watson , who hna for somo years made largo quantities of fireworks to be sold on Guy Fnwkes' day , lias this your been more than usually busy , and , to complete a largo order , had worked all Sunday night with his family . Mr . Watson had gone into tho court at tho rear of tho promises , ' when ho hoard Inn wilo cry out , " lire !" vory loudly , und immediately afterwards a tremendous oxploaion occurred , followed by an outbreak of flamen , and loud ucroama from tho inmates . A chinmoy-awoop , who was pastung nt t . hcs moment , rushed into tho building ,
and Hucccedod in rescuing Mrs . Wataon mid one of her children , whom ho brought down in safety . The lu » Hbund of tho unfortunate woman also made , every exertion to got to hit * other children , who it w « n foarud wore in thulr bods ualeop ; in ho doing ho bexumo surrounded with a hIiouI of Hulphurus tlmno , by -which hi . s ami ** , face und intuit wore terribly burnt , and ho wan obliged to give up tho attempt us hi > polo » n . After a lujwo of two hours tho Llromou Huccoodutl in oxtinguinhing tho conflagration , and on Huiirdung the mint * they dincovuivd the bodiutt ot throo unfortunate children , ho frightfully burnt that , thoir ronminu might uauily huvts been placed in n mnuH basket . Tho mother und ono of her youngewt children
Untitled Article
A correspondent of the Freeman ' s Journal , writing from Claremorris , November 3 , says : — " This hitherto peaceful locality has been thrown into the greatest excitement , by the discovery of the remains of a young mam , named James Prendergast , son to the toll-collector of this town , floating in the water of a stagnant pool , within a few hundred yards of the town . The body presented a most horrible spectacle , the head being severed and tied in a bag , the thighs and legs being also cut off . The hands were tied with a strip of calico , to which were attached heavy stones , in order that the body might not float : however , the remains were found floating . Deceased always carried on his person whatever money he possessed , and this , it is presumed , was th . e cause of his brutal and savage murder . "
Untitled Article
A Wife Murdered by Her Husband . —A man named _ Lazarus Hempsted , residing at Halsted , chose to be jealous of his wife without cause , and soothed himself by knocking in her temples with a hammer , as she slept . She must have died instantaneously . The murderer walked to a village some rniles oflj breakfasted quietly , and then gave himself up to the police . He does not express the least contrition , and treats the matter with the utmost indifference Six children have their prosp ects improved by thi s event .
Untitled Article
Opb Gallant Fellows .- —Two seamen , named Charles Nelson and Charles Brown , were drinking with some women at a public-house , near Rosemarylane- After some beer , they went in a cab to Harrowstreet , in the Mint , where one of the girls lived . Something to drink was sent for , but before it arrived Nelson struck , and nearly strangled Brown , and then proposed that they should go to the yard and fight . The others went for the police , but oa their return they found Nelson lying on the floor , ¦ with a dagger sticking in his throat . He sat up , and said , "My shipmate , Brown , stabbed rue . " Both
men were intoxicated . Brown was taken into custody , and a policeman read over the charge , asking him if it was correct . He said yes , and he would stab twenty men in his own defence * When he became sober , he was taken into the inspector ' s room , and asked if he knew what he was charged with , and he said "No . " He was told he was charged with a very serious offence , that of stabbing his shipmate , upon which he appeared much surprised , and declared he knew nothing about it . Dr . South described the nature of the injuries , and the jury returned a verdict of manslaughter .
Untitled Article
Divorces . —Two cases of divorce occurred this week in the Consistory Court : Gonzalez against Gonzalez , being the suit of the wife against the husband for cruelty and adultery ; and Harraden against Harraden , a wife ' s suit on the same grounds . The petitions were granted in both cases . Evidence not entered-into .
Lascars in London . —As usual , at this time oi the year , the Lascar seamen who are brought from Indian ports to London in the hope , seldom realised to them by our Christian captains , that they will lie talcen home iigain , are dying of cold and hunger . Astounding stories are told to the authorities of the privations to which these unhappy wretches are exposed—the workhouses refusing to tako them in . At this moment l ;; O of thorn are living iu a shed in Bluo-coat-lk'lda , Prostitutes take curious charity on many of them , and dreadful diseases arc disseminated .
Untitled Article
One ojp tub Eucct . —William Cowloy , an elderly hatter , of Katclilf , has been convicted of increasing his incumbrunccs , unknown to Mrs . Cowley . Sophia Saundors , of course pretty , lived in his service , and gave birth to u child . Defendant promised to maintain tho child , but had only given a shilling to hor . Defendant , who was n member of tho Ebenezer Chapel , said thu girl had boon in his service , and he had looked after her morals , and lectured hor on tho sinfuhie .-a o ( " her ways . Ho admitted having kissed her once , but it was u pious kiss , Ho would solemnly swear he was not tlie futhor of tho child . Mr . lngham said ho wns of a different opinion , and made tho usual ordor . Tho defendant said ho should , appeal .
Untitled Article
COIHPMCATMI ) KlSLATIONSIlIl ' . —MlsS Chai'lottQ Reynolds , not pretty , but rcuncetubly dressed , charged William Wells , grocer , of Turiiliani Green , her aistcr ' H hunband , with being tho father of hur ohild , and uIho with neglecting to maintain it . 'J'ho defendant hud flrat succeeded in Iris purpose by administering gin . The parentage wus admittcUj amd thu usual order waa made .
Untitled Article
We have accordingly sought the effect of the indefinite parcelling out of lands , on the number of the population , on it 3 welfare , on taxation , and on the yield of the earth tself . Land is not everywhere in France divided into infinitely small parcels ; in the south it is divided into portions double those of the north , and in the centre it is not divided in the same proportion as in the north and south . This providential inequality will supply us with precious points of comparison . "The following is the proportion for each landowner in which property is divided : — In the North , three hectares , the North Centre 5 . 20 hectares , the South Centre 5 . 66 , and the South 6 . 76 . Thus the property is one half more divided in the north than the south , and consequently the population is there almost
one half more dense . There were in 1832 in the Northern Region 4 , 063 , 018 landowners , in the North Centre 1 , 402 , 515 , the South Centre 2 , 203 , 917 , and the South 2 , 261 , 192 . And note that the superficies of the Northern Region is only 6 , 638 square leagues , whilst the Southern Region is 7 , 676 square leagues . Now , do you wish to know what was the revenue from land on which the tax was imposed in 1832 ? In tie Northern Region it Was 1 , 175 , 113 , 000 f ., the North Centre 655 , 306 , O 00 f ., the South Centre 562 , 937 , 0 O 0 f ., and the South 708 , 258 , 000 f . Assuredly it will not he pretended the North is more fertile than the South ; whence , then , arises the difference in the amount of revenue ? It can arise , in our opinion , from nothing else than the difference in the division of land . "
Untitled Article
have since died in the hospital from injuries received from the explosion .
Untitled Article
1060 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 11, 1854, page 1060, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2064/page/4/
-