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not yet reached us , captured a vessel having on board a private carriage belonging to the Kussian Governor of Kertch . With this " material pledge" in his possession , he sent in a polite message to the Governor , stating that the English cruiser -was unwilling to deprive him of his private property , and would have great pleasure in restoring the carriage to its former owner . The offer was accepted , and the ship ' s boats entered the Bay of Kertch , with the vehicle on board , sounding as they went . By this means it was ascertained that there was a * passage for the small steamers to within a short distance of the coast , and the JSovernor ' s carriage made a track for the British fleet . —Times . Mules and Horses in large numbers have been embarked at Gibraltar for the Crimea , where they will be used for the service of the artillery and the transport corps .
General Canrobert , says the Zndependance , decidedly refuses the command of the corps d'armee offered to him , and will merely take the division which he headed at Alma . General de Salles , it is said , has been selected in place of General Canrobert as the second in command to General Pelissier . A Swiss Legion . —The Nouvelliste Vaudois contains the following : — " The report so often repeated , relative to the formation of a Swiss legion in the pay of England , is now fully confirmed . That legion is about to be formed , and its organisation will take place on the French territory , at Schelestadt , in Alsace . Three colonels have already been appointed . One of them is an Englishman , Colonel Dickson , -who will preside at the organisation of the corps ; and the two others are Swiss , MM . Sulzberger and Funck , of Nidau . "
The Fbeucbc aemt dt the Crimea . —According to a statement of a ' semi-official character , 182 , 000 French troops have been sent out to the Crimea and Turkey since the commencement of the war . Of these , 120 , 000 are now available ; the remaining number represents , besides the casualties and the deaths by ordinary mortality , the sick and wounded now in hospital . The French Army at Maslak still continues it 3 embarkation for the seat of war . According to the last advices , 15 , 000 men had left , and it is probable that by this time the whole have departed for the Crimea .
Camp Amusements . — Among the amusements in camp , the 2 nd Regiment of Zouaves have established a theatre . The performances , by the men of the regiment , take place twice a week , and are excellently arranged . The prices of admission are voluntary , and the funds are devoted to the benefit of the French prisoners in Sebastopol and elsewhere . —Daily News Correspondent . Miss Nightingale is convalescent . The Case of Lord Forth . —The following letter , written on the heights of Balaklava , May 14 , appears
in the Times : —" Sir , —As the last paragraph in the letter from the Earl of Perth which appeared in the Times of the 23 rd of April may have led the public to infer that the account therein given of his son ' s conduct in the 42 nd Regiment before Sebastopol was derived from information furnished by me , I think it right to state that his lordship's letter , besides omitting some important facts , contains many statements not authorised by any information ever given by me to his lordship . —I am , sir , your obedient servant , D . A . Cameeow , Lieut .-Col . 42 nd Regiment , and Colonel . "
The British Military Hospitals in the Ilast , — The latest accounts from these institutions represent the number of sick cases as decreasing , and the condition of the buildings as continuing to improve . Erzeroum . —General Williams , the English Pacha , is busy fortifying this city with earthworks , after the fashion of those which foiled the Russian assaults upon Silistria , and which have hitherto prevented the Allies from entering Sebastopol . Kurdistan is still in a state of insurrection . Mehemet Pacha , in quelling the late disturbances , committed great atrocities , as a consequence of which , the . men , in the desperation of their rage , are now exciting one another to rise . The country is at present threatened by the Russians ; and" the ill usage to which the population have been subjected may possibly have the effect of driving them into the arms of the Czar ' s soldiers .
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the BAi / rrc . As the ice is now gradually loosening in the Baltic , uikI the fleets are enabled to proceed upon their hostile missions , we may expect to hear shortly some r . ows of interest . In the meanwhile , we muat content ourselves with watching the movements of the great naval armament , and noting the prizes which they may chance to pick up . We road in the Times l'crliu and other correspondence : — " The French fleet , under Admirul Ponaud , consisting of three lino-of-battlo stoumors and a corvette , steamed out o " f Kiel harbour on Monday evening ( the 21 at ult . ) Tho English steam frigate Pylados , with two steam gunboats in tow , had left tho aarao morning . "A Wiamar ship , tho Betsy , was brought to Elsinoro (>\ i tho 19 th ult . in charge of a prizorna 9 tor ; aho had boon oapturod bn her way from Riga to ShoornosH , With a cargo of rye . It was understood that who would bo followed by ton other vosaola which had boon taKt / rt"by 6 uf cruisers ' while sailing under a varioty of Gorman flags .
" The garrison in the town of Polangen ( the place nearest to the Prussian frontier ) is just now very inconsiderable . The Cossacks who hitherto have formed the border guard have been withdrawn , and only one . hundred men , part Hussars , part Bashkirs , have taken their places . A communication , however , is established between this handful of men and a strong body of infantry and artillery stationed further inland , and maintained by a chain of squadrons of Hussars reaching as far as Libau and beyond it . Libau itself has no garrison at all .
" Memel has again been visited by fire . On the 18 th ult ., a fire broke out close to the post-office , and was not extinguished till after it had destroyed three dwellinghouses and much injured a fourth . In a town , so large a proportion of which still lies in ruins from the late conflagration , this misfortune is doubly felt , from the difficulty of the now houseless occupants of these houses finding shelter anywhere . " The general state of health in the fleet is very satisfactory . The smallpox , which has been confined to two vessels , the Duke of Wellington and the Arrogant , was , in consequence of the active measures taken by
Admiral Dundas , effectually stopped . On the first appearance of the disease the Admiral applied to the Swedish authorities , requesting permission to land the patients at Faroe ( a small island at the extreme north of Gothland ) and the request was most kindly and readily granted . The Arrogant was at once sent off , and landed about thirty sick . The Duke of Wellington subsequently brought down nearly the same number . On the island were found some old sheds , erected by the French last year for their cholera patients , and these , with the aid of a few sails and planks , were soon converted into very comfortable hospitals .
" It is evident from all accounts that the Russians have been far from idle during the last six months , but have endeavoured to make as secure as possible all points liable to be attacked . At Riga , for instance , they have sunk huge masses of rock and immense stones in the channel , so as to render the approach to that place verydifficult , if not impossible . The entrance to Revel is also defended by a quantity of large iron-spiked piles , driven firmly into the ground , and so arranged that no gunboat whatever , not even one of the smallest , can pass between any two piles without striking .
" Another not unimportant fact is , that the Russians have succeeded in removing the greater part of their fleet , which was during the whole of last summer shut up in Sweaborg , from that place to Cronstadt ; the few ships left behind are completely dismantled . It is supposed that this movement was effected after our fleet left the Baltic last year , and before the communication between Sweaborg and Cronstadt was completely cut off by the ice . There are also some very strong earthworks erected at Sweaborg . "
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THE FRENCH REPLY TO RUSSIA . M . Walewski , the new French Minister for Foreign Affairs , has addressed a circular to the diplomatic agents of the Emperor at the various courts of Europe , in reply to the document by Count Nesselrode of which we gave an analysis last week . After calling attention to the facts that the negotiations were opened at the . request of Russia—that the principles contained in the Four Points were accepted by her without any reserve—and that the Allies , therefore , cannot be reproached with taking their opponent by surprise—M . Walewski proceeds to show the necessity that exists for abolishing " the unfair influence exercised by the Cabinet of St . Petersburg in the three vassal provinces of the Porte , " Moldavia , Wallachia , and Seryia , and to refute the reasons put forward by Russia in defence of that Influence .
" When , since the last Avars , have the immunities of the Danubian Principalities received the slightest infringement on the part of the suzerain power ? When has tho Sultan over thought of revoking any of tho concessions made by his predecessor ? When have France , England and Austria evinced any other desire save that of maintaining , while ameliorating , tho independent sway of tho administration , which , as has been but too much lost sight of , was neither in Wallachia nor in Moldavia a recent conquest , but tho result of an agreement freely concluded ages ago , and only modified from that day when tho Hoapodara began , during tho wars of tho
eighteenth century , to depend more on tho court of Russia than on tho Sublime Porto ? It is thus Moldavia lost half tho territory that had boon guaranteed to her by tho Sultans ; thus it won that this province and Wallachia , instead of remaining what they ought to be , a respected barrier between tho Ottoman Empire and Ruania , have over since tho treaty of Adrianoplo , which aoomed to recogniso in thoir behalf atill bettor defined rights , been governed rather by agents from tho cabinet of St . Petersburg than by thoir own chiofs , and that , in tho midst of profound poaco , as if thoy were merely a prolongation of tho Russian soil , thoy aaw themselves unexpectedly occupied by a foreign army . " With respect to tho second guarantee—tho navigation of tho Danube—M . WaTowskl observes that , if that rivor should recover its liberty , after having
been hampered for the last five-and-twenty years it will be evident that a war has been necessary ' for the attainment of so immense a boon . In reply to Count Nesselrode ' s complaint that the consideration of the Fourth Point—the immunities of the Christian subjects of the Porte—was not proceeded with on the interruption of the negotiations at th e thi rd guarantee , it is contended that discussion is impossible without order , and that it had been agreed to examine the , four bases in their proper sequence . The engagements required by Russia would have " humiliated the Porte , fettered its administrative action , and paralysed all efficacious reform . "
" The latest reforms effected in Turkey , and the eager * ness which the Sublime Porte has shown in listening to our counsels , prove that the heart of the Sultan is open to the most generous inspirations . What is essential is that these inspirations should be carried out without troublesome interference , that he who conceives them may have the merit of them in the eyes of his subjects and the world . And to the end that this result may be obtained , it is indispensable that Russia for the future should abandon the arms she has made use of in turns , either for stopping useful reforms or for alienating the populations from their sovereign . "
The Third Point was entered into upon the faith of the general acceptance given to it , in common with the other Points , by Prince Gortschakoff at the preliminary Conference of January 7 th ; and " the Government of the Emperor and that of her Britannic Majesty were bound to suppose that the cabinet of St . Petersburg had made up its mind to the sacrifices dictated by the situation . " The Russian Plenipotentiaries were therefore invited to take the initiative , as a means of preserving the dignity of their court . M . Walewski then analyses the two propositions ultimately made by Russia , and exhibits their insufficiency for the object proposed .
" At present , Russia , who refuses to reduce the number of her vessels , alleging the exigencies of her honour and the prerogative of her sovereignty , does not hesitate to apply to the Sublime Porte for the abdication of its independence in its internal waters—in the great artery which ) passes through its capital . She claims a new passage into the Mediterranean , that is to say , the means and the pretext of augmenting in vast proportions her maritime development ; and , in compensation for these advantages , she confines herself to giving her consent that foreign squadrons may in future enter a sea where
they would find neither a port of refuge nor an arsenal of supply . ... I will add—and this consideration is of great weight—that peace , if concluded on such conditions , would be exposed to the hazard of the first incident that might occur , and that the very object of the presence , necessarily intermitted , of the French and English fleets in the Euxine would already intimate a peril which would be a menace of war . This would , in fact , be a proof that Russia would require to be again kept within bounds ; so that her preponderance would not have ceased to exist , and the object of the third guarantee would have been frustrated . "
Tho French Minister thus concludes his examination of the eovirse pursued by Russia : — " The cabinet of St . Petersburg has declined the authority of the examples that were cited to it ; haa forgotten that , in its last treaty of peace with Persia , it imposed on that power tho obligation of abstaining from navigating the Caspian Sen , and of exclusively reserving that sea to the flotillas of Russia ; it has not consented to admit what Franco , England , tho United States , and tho Netherlands , under different forms , and at different epochs , have accepted , either to terminate war , to consolidate peace , or to suppress germs of rivalry and conflict between neighbouring states .
" Shall I notice a point which Count Nesselrodc sjgnaliaes aa forgetfulnoss of what is due to the sovereignty of Russia in her own territory ? Ho reproaches us with having desired , contrary to international luw , to . deny to tho cabinet of St . Petersburg tlio power of refusing or withdrawing tho exequatur to tho consuls who may bo installed in tho ports of tho Euxino . We never entertained such a pretension . Wo only demanded that no residence should bo interdicted ; but it was understood that , according to tho rules which regulate anch mattera / a consul nominated might not always from plausible motives applicable to him personally and not to hia post , receive tho approbation of tho Kuseian government . "
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INDIA AND CHINA . ' JUG VOLUTION JN mJRMAII . The heir-apparent of the Burmese Empire , according to reports which have arrived at our frontier stations , has deposed tho King , and taken the government into his own hands . This is an untoward circumstance , na tho late King was ot a pacific disposition , desirous of consolidating peaceful relations with tho English , and favourably disposed towards tho increase of commerce . Tho new monarch , on tho other hand , conceives it to ho Ins " mission" to nvengo tho loss of territory consequent on tho hito war , or , in other words , to attempt to got it back . Hostilities are thoroforo not improbable ;
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e 08 THE LEADER . LSatukday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), June 2, 1855, page 508, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2093/page/4/
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