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J^fc A &btT. " POIITICAI AM IITERAKY REVIEW.
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J^Fc A &Btt. " Poiiticai Am Iiteraky Review.
J ^ fc A &btT . " POIITICAI AM IITERAKY REVIEW .
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' The one Idea which History exhibits a 3 evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between , men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Reliction , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—Humboldt ' a Cosmos .
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wfw 5 nc the week- pao « Obituary 787 Mr . Bowyer and our Popularity Barbaric Pte&rls 797 NEWa OF THE WEEK- rAflI Miscellaneous 787 in Italy 793 Ronaaicand Modern Greek 798 Imperial Parliament 782 Postscript . ,. 788 OPEN COUNCIL- Books on our Table 793 BtJames ' Brooke !!!! " ! " !!!!' . ' . " !" . ' . '" 784 PUBLIC AFFAIRS- Italy for the Italians 794 THE ARTSAccident at Cremorne Gardens 784 The Queen ' s Visit to France 783 De Quibusdatn Bebus 791 French Criticism on English The Slow-Poisoning Case 785 Surveyof the War ... 759 LITERATURE- Pictures 798 Oar Civilisation .... 735 Tho Policy of Suspicion 789 uimmiurl The Reucn of Terror and Folly in Our Military Resources 790 Summary < 95 Births , Marnag « s , and Deaths ... 801 ItalT ..... ™ .. ™ . 786 Tho Limited Liability Act 791 The . Novels of M-Hendrik Con- roMMfRCUi affair * Mademoiselle Doiidot 788 The Plague of Rhetoric 791 science . „ . 795 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSCbntiiwntol Notes 736 " More Honoured in the Breach" 792 Adventures in the Province of City Intelligence , Markets , Ad-Naval and Military News . 787 The Independent States of India 7 » 2 Assam 79 * vertisementa . &c 801-8 M
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f ] REAT news Las come to us from both ends of \ JI the war , north and south , and if the officials make the most of the intelligence and of its first effect , it must be admitted that either one of the successes is a satisfaction , and that both together they cannot be without a considerable moral effect , upon the enemy , as well ns upon our own force . Sweaborg has been mauled ; and the [ Russians , attempting a grand attack upon the Tchemaya , have been driven back with serious loss—these two considerable blows being , as our readers already know , connected witli a chain of similar successes that must have iuilicted each day a heavier burden on the spirit of the foe . In the Crimea the Russians had continued their efforts . It was only a day before we heard of the grand battle that we had a despatch from General Simpson announcing a sortie of the Russians in force : the attacking party , consisting of 2000 men , with strong reserves , made their approach with shouting and bugling , as if they expected to frighten the Allies , but they were repulsed as usual . Meanwhile , the fleet in tho Sea of Azof had continued a progressive consumption of their food and forage , which must have made them feel the British attack in the stomach , tho tenderest of all organs in the besieged . It may bo true that reinforcements have arrived by way of Fcrekop—reinforcements for an ill-fed garrison being the most unwelcome of guests ; and Avhile we know well that the Russians can bring supplies by way of J ' erekop from the North , with great trouble and slowness , we havo also had evidence that they depend for their supplies upon the Sea of Azof , . where the English havo made so effective a razzia . Wo arc now in a position to appreciate the great success of the Tchornaya . The reports nre at present extremely slight ; only such as the telegraph can transmit , and only in part official . The facts appear to bo these : —The Russians approached in a force of 50 , 000 or 60 , 000 men , under our old friend Liimiandi , to attack the position of tho French and Sardinians on the Tohernaya . The fight lasted tlirce hours , and then the enemy gave way , with a loss , it is rudely estimated , of soino thousands o ( men , leaving some hundreds of prisoners in tho hands of the Allies . A reverse of this kind must be fur worse than the old repulses upon tho enine ground , or at
Biilaklava ; for the Russians have evidently been ex hausting their resources , and we know that theii confidence must be reduced to a low ebb . The effort , desperate as it was , shows that they are conscious of weakness . These events are the preface to a yet greater movement : by a despatch from General Simpsox , received last evening , we learn that the bombardment of Sebastopol was to recommence yesterday , and no doubt on a grand scale , with approaches pushed far closer than when the impatience of a too impetuous French General spoiled the last storming arrangements . The " destruction" of Sweaborg remains to be explained . It may be truer than upon second thoughts we supposed , for second thoughts are not always so correct as the first . The position of the fortress is well known . As is so common on the Baltic coasts , a deep indentation is closed by a chain of shoals and small islands ; towards the north-eastern corner of the outlet the islands are higher , the channel is deeper ; and here , in fact , is the portal by which alone ships can gain admittance . As the Islands stretch to the south-west they become smaller , and the water more shallow ; and just within the line is the town of llelsingfors , which gives its name to the harbour . The fortress of Sweaborg may be said to bo ' placed upon several of the islands forming the portal . It consisted of cascmatcd batteries with outwork : ? , arsenal , barracks , &c . The English fleet approached near enough to pour a destructive fire into the fortifications without receiving fire in return . A conflagration began very soon , and it is reported that the whole of the arsenal and barracks have been destroyed , while the port has suffered very severely . Such are tho facts ; whether those results really amount to the destruction of Sweaborg we have yet to learn . It is probable that the fortress has been rendered unavailing , and if no further blow has been struck this season , invaluable would have been those two recent successes to adorn the royal . speech . But it hud to be delivered without them . The Sweaborg brilliancy came out twenty-four hours too late ; the Tchernaya felicitations of Friday evening were not available on Tuesday at noon , when Parliament was dismissed for the recess by a royal speech in the third person , through the mouth of a commissioner , praising noble Peers and faithful Commons for what they had done . We reviewed tho session last week ,
and need not repeat our review now . The speech made its chief boast of those measures which we pointed at as fertile in future benefits—Limited Liability , the Metropolitan Government Bill , the Australian self-government Bills , &c , with a sturdy boast about the abolition of the Newspaper Stamp . The Speech , indeed , tells us that " the duty on newspapers" has been abolished , forgetting that the heaviest of all duties which we have to undergo is the duty on the very paper upon which we print , and which newspapers consume much more largely than ordinary books . The Speech also boasted of the successes in the war , and of the French alliance ; it regretted the failure of the conferences at Vienna ; it thanked the Commons for their contributions to the war exchequer , and to tbe beneficial legislation of the country . It was silent , of course , respecting the recent exhibitions of our statesmen . ; though if the Crown had any really supreme function , howjust might have been the censure upon the unfaithful servant of the Sovereign -who went to Vienna to perform a set task , and let the adverse party see that he would have yielded what he was told not to yield ; while others , yet worse , after advising the Queen to enter upon a war , have made studied orations to encourage the enemy , dishearten their countrymen , and embarrass the Government in mustering the means for warfare . The Commons and Lords have gone to the Moors , to the Exposition , to the Continent , au ( liable—that is , in the metaphorical senseleaving undone about as many of the things they attempted to do or as they really executed ; and the public is half inclined to think that the recess is as valuable as tbe session . We always think so in August ; in February we incline to the opposite opinion . Before the House of Commons , however , were summoned to the House of Lords in order to hear tho speech , General Evans occupied the vacant minutC 3 by a survey of the resources still unused which might increase the men at our command . Ho particularly recommended that regiments on colonial service should be sent to the Crimea , and be replaced cither with militiamen , or m sonie cases with detachments from the India" ""» £ _ Irregular Hindu cavalry , ho aay ^ would ^> j ^ f > n tho border of tho Capo colony in ^ Jft fljg ^ A Ti ^ j ' * > better than regular troops , and would SWfSW M T seven battalions of veterans . it tho Cll Ig $ « fe A < vice in tho Crimea . He also recommci ^ Q ^ Jg | ^ ^ i ril ^ ^ ^ ft ^ fe ^ S
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VOL . VI . No . 282 . ] SATURDAY , AUGUST 18 , 1855 . Price { ^ ZS ^^ iSol
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 18, 1855, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2102/page/1/
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