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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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NOTICES TO COBBBSPONDENTS . No notices can be taken of anonymous communications Whatever is intended for insertion must be authenticated by the name and address of the writer ; not necessarily for publication , but as a guarantee of his Rood faith . Com munications should always bo legibly written , and on one side of tlio paper only . If long , it increases the difficulty of folding space for them . Wo cannot undertake to return rejected communications . It is impossible to acknowledge the mass of letters we rect'ive . Their insertion is often delayed owinp to a press of matter ; and when omitted , it is frequently from reasons quite independent of the merits of the communication .
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THREE MANIFESTOES . TiiEitE are signs in the sky , and none of them peaceful . The Czar , addressing his children at Moscow , proclaims that God is with the right , He is not less a Pagan than the Aitcnmsiior of Canti : huihv . We fight in this war , under the protection of rival deities , as did the assailants and defenders of Troy . The English thank Heaven fur its " especial interference in their favour—though they were heaten at the Kedan . The French , who
gained the victory , are assured that Providence gained it for them , though they had the best position ( and disposition ) on the day of the assault . Alkx . vndeu the Second , however , utters grateful ejaculations to his particular Providence , which had nothing to do with the French at the Kornilon ' . Bastion , or with the wearied regiments flung upon the bloody Kedan ; but accompanied Holy Ivussia across the Harbour , and settled down in the Star Battery . This
accommodating Providence may shortly betake it sell to NieholaiefT ; or whithersoever else Prince Goktsciiakoff iiii \ y be driven by the . Allies . \ Vc have no right to complain of the inauguration , in Christendom , of a Pantheon of Providences . AVe in England , no less than the Majesty of Fkaxce , are accustomed to speak , write , and pray , as if we were more necessary to Heaven , than Heaven is to us .
? So much , by the way . As far as the C / a it's address has any tendency , it is warlike . lie confesses his defeat , and appeals to the God of Holy Russia to retrieve it . Still , this Imperial cavalry captain urges , he will h ' ght for the Crimea and for Christianity . Meanwhile , the OSennan ( Governments continue to search for the terms of a sate settlement . The passage of propositions , of course , is secret . The diplomatists , catching what Jloats in the air , toss it up into a set of points , and
However , these statesmen have their plans , as to the nature of which , ifc is not for us to enlighten their enemies . Whatever ma , y have been the grounds upon which they decided on a public exposition of their views , they have described " the situation" with general accuracy . Russia , defeated at Sebastopol , and inflamed by magniloquent and martial tirades , has entered on a conflict of indefinite duration . She has been overcome—but only at one point . The result is to produce , not humility , but exasperation . The fortified line of the Baltic shores is still unbroken ; the empire has neither been penetrated nor exhausted , for it is fed in profusion across the neutral territory of Prussia—neutrality i signifying in this case , that Prussia , without | having to resist the Allies , is free to assist Russia . The Allies , themselves , have not much excuse for pride . The military Govern-¦ ment of France , with all the advantages of secret , rapid , and concentrated action , and ! the constitutional Government of England , ! in two years , have spent the blood of a hun-| dred thousand men , and a hundred millions \ of treasure , with the effect of reducing one ! side of Sebastopol , leaving a few ruins on the ' shores of two seas , and harassing , with an in-! complete blockade , tbe commerce of Russia . ! Even their victories do not prove them irresistible . ! "Without overwhelming Russia , the war has partially dismembered the confederation of absolutist governments . They stand | temporarily apart , though a revolutionary ; union , publicly announced , may drive them together . The Emperor Alexander the Second , defending his own territories , is no longer the chief Conservative of Europe . Fha >~ cis Joseph , with an army in the Principalities , another in Lombardy , a contingent in Rome , a military " demonstration" along the German frontier , a vast force engaged in Hungary , can nowhere concentrate his powers . Prussia , in the agonies of reaction , awaits a coup d'etat , and its consequences . The little governments of Germany and Italy are under arms , terrified by the menacing eclipse . An ominous intellectual agitation—the circulation of strange theories—the galvanic activity of the Church —the reappearance of the religious orders with their old pretensions—the gathering into groups of the dethroned dynasties and their supporters—the reign of a Bonaparte in France—itself a disturbing circumstancethe revival of antiquated claims , and the tendency of liberals to forget their differences at the approach of a general contest , —all this foreshadows a convulsion in Europe , to be consummated , possibly , by a war of opinions . AVe saw useless bloodshed in 1 S-1 S—vain sacrilices ; the armies of liberty consumed in a hopeless war . Ami this compels us , while we look , full of heart and hope , to the future , to implore the generous friends of German , Italian , Hungarian , French , Russian , Polish freedom , not to risk "by premature signals the success of that struggle which is going on , though not yet in a military arena , between the liberalism and the despotism of the old world . The time fox a war of principles will come ; but at what hour the governments ought not to know . Above all , it is painful to hear the summons of such leaders as Mazzini and Kossutu die away without an echo .
oiler , or " throw out , " the suggestion ot a conciliatory scheme . To all appearance the Allied Governments maintain a lirm ground against " all advances of this kind . They will , at least , impart to their policy whatever lone of dignity can be justitied by the fall of the south side of Sebastopol . But they are not yet in a condition to treat at all , for their triumph , oven in the Crimea , is as yet incomplete . And this brings to the surface ft second manifesto .
The manifesto of G haniek ih : Cassaonac , in the Constitittionncl , somi-otlicial , but inspired probably Avith the present' tone of the Government . In this there is no indication of peace intentions . There are allusions to the probable " conquest" and " disposal" oi
the Crimea ; but the most positive statement of the writer is that Sebastopol , with the entire territory to which it gives importance , must be held as a material pledge to induce the Czae ' s submission . Such is the programme—not a glimpse beyond . Xot a reference to new fields or new enterprises . Turkey is in the foreground—a vacuum in the rear . From this manifesto there is nothing to be concluded , except that , as the Czah , repeats his challenge at Moscow , the Fkencii Empedob and Lord Palmeuston take it up in the Western capitals . It seems impossible that the war should not proceed , ujiless some alarm raised by the revolutionary party should warn the Governments to settle their differences , and close the ranks of the Holy Alliance . That great confederation of despotisms , by applying its whole force to repress every liberal movement , however partial , has been successful during forty years in maintaining its European ascendancy . It is now dissolved , temporarily . Every mouth of war dissolves it further . An extended conflict would annihilate its foundations . The danger is , lest by any act of incautious patriots , the dynasties should come to a sense of their position , and postpone the satisfaction of their jealousies to secure the existence of their thrones . The dynastic organs throughout Europe : profit by the disclosures of the republican i party . ' They remind the great powers of ' those common interests which , despite tem-1 porary differences , should hold them together I in conservative unit } -. Great Britain herself I supplies an illustration of this policy . In the | interval between her German negotiations ! she importunes the wretched Governments of Spain , Xaples , and Greece so far to modify I their conduct that they may preserve their I relations with legitimacy . The blows hitherto ! directed against Russia have no tendency to \ shake the basis of her absolutism , or to loosen ] her hold on the conquered provinces of Euj rope . France follows a similar course . " With the exception of her Italian intrigues , which I have already caused a flaw in the Napoleonic alliance , she labours only to confirm the , government of the sabre in the west and south . Austrian co-operation is desired , as a ! counterpoise to the co-operation of England , j " Civilisation and liberty "—the public pretences of the war—have nut one friend among its directors . " Authorised" armies alone are employed ; courtly alliances alone are ' sought ; diplomatic principles alone are re-! cognised ;—the nations have but to pay , tight , land submit to any forms of oppression that ' may be imposed on thoin when the sceptred ' gladiators cease contending . 1 But a third manfesto , followed by a cloud of small insurrectionary circulars , appears to dispute the propositions of diplomacy . It is the manifesto of Kossrrn , Lkdiu * Rolli >* , ; and Ma / . zini , and , unfortunately , teaches as much to the enemies as to the allies of the . liberal cause . These three illustrious leaders point out to the absolutist governments the , lines by which they may be attacked , and , in this respect , we cannot but question the nejcessitv of issuing such proclamations . The French Government , confirms this view by allowing the triple ^ lauiilsto a free circulation in France . If the liberal party has an organisation , public circulars are | superfluous ; if not , they expose the fact , besides putting the dynasties on their ' guard . It -would bo curious , as an histo-I rieal inquiry , to examine retrospectively the j beginning of great movements , that the sue' cess of sudden , unannounced outbursts might be compared with that of revolts against watchful governments , warned that their domestic foes had hauled down the flag of truce .
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JThere is nothing so revoiutior . ary , because there is n < V . hnu < so unrni ' Jiriil ai ;> l convulsive , as the strain to Keep hint's :.. ¦ : ' ? . i when a ' . J tho world is . by the very lif . v ot it-i cie . iLiou in ct . i . ma . proi'resd . — Dk . AllSOJ . li .
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SATURDAY , OCTOBER 13 , 1 S 55 .
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October 13 , 1855 . ] THE IiBAPEtR . 333
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OUR FRENCH PARTNER'S MONE Y MATTERS . Wu last week explained the nature ^ of tho great credit companies which have stored speculation in Franco , drawn forth ^ capital of tho People and placed it under the control he bov - er / nnent This week w 6 have . some of the liu'lfl of the working ot the system , and St is desirable to watch tlio operation—not ,
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 13, 1855, page 983, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2110/page/11/
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