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    Russia to stake her last man and her last rouble rather than agree to terms ' incompatible with , her honour and dignity . * After thia simple statement of facts , you will permit me to communicate ray opinion on one or two matters of importance . If RusBia should reject the conditions of peace , which she probably will do , Count Valentine E 3 terhazy will quit his post ; but it is by no means clear that the diplomatic relations between the Russian and Austrian Governments will be entirely interrupted . Indeed , it is whispered , that , if Count Esterhazy should return to Vienna , an Austrian Charge d * Affaires will remain at St . Petersburg . Austria will not , under any circumstances , give her

    official Austrian papers denies that Borszinaky has been ill-used , and Bays that the petition is so offensive in its language that the Emperor mu 3 t decline to receive it . Austria haa become exceedingly unpopular with the Russians . She is denounced as " treacherous , perfidious , and ungrateful , " and is looked upon as being the principal author of the recent diastera which have befallen the Czar ' s arms . A Eassian banker , in a letter addressed to one of his . Vienna friends , writes to this effect , and prophecies that Austria will sooner or later fall under the stroke of avenging Nemesis . The premiums on the share 3 of the Credit and

    material assistance to the Western Powers next spring ; but , if the war should be prolonged another year , she may possibly be induced to send an ultimatum to Russia during the winter of 1856 and 1857 . Even if Austria tjhould not act up to tlie engagements ¦ which she has recently entered into towards the Western Powers , it would be impolitic to press her too hard , as there is a powerful Russian party in thia city which would not fail to take advantage of any imprudence on the part of England and France . In order that due attention may be paid to the foregoing remark , it is necessary to observe that -there are many

    Commercial Bank ( says the Times Vienna correspondent ) are slowly falling , as the founders are bringing their shares into the market . It was foreseen that they would do so , but it would have been much better for the establishment if they had waited until it 3 business had fairly commenced . One of the leading men , who can well afford to wait for a time , is even selling largely in Berlin and Frankfort . The Direction of the V ienna Union for the assistance of

    the poorer classes has announced that the first public eating-house will be opened in the suburb of Grumpendorf on the 2 ud of January . A portion of soup , with rice , pearlbarley , &c , in it , will cost two kreutzsrs , or about three farthings , and a portion of soup , meat , and vegetables , seven kreutzers , which is a fraction less than threepence . The food may be eaten in . the public hall , or fetched away between the hours of eleven and one , " excepting on Sundays and holydays . " __ . . .

    The Pari 3 correspondent of Le Nord says he is assured that the French G overnment has demanded of the Cabinet of Vienna an explanation of the toast which had been drunk in honour of the Russian army at a banquet given to Stai shal Baron Hess , to celebrate his fiftieth year of military service . PRirsstA . The Berlin correspondent of the Times lias been endeavouring to get up a book subscription in the Prussian capital , for the sake of the Anglo-German Legion now in the Crimea , but has been compelled to abandon the attempt , as no subscriptions of money can be opened without the previous consent of the police , and thia it would have been impossible to

    obtain , as the act might be considered to compromise the neutrality of Prussia f The most inoffensive acts in the second of the German states cannot be perfor med without police sanction ; so the poor fellows of the Legion are compelled to pine without their accustomed intellectual food . Cmnt Munster , hitherto Military Representative of ¦ a ' - - St . Petersburg , who recently returned to Prussia «*» - " absence , will not return . It is Berlin on leare oi ~_ - - , filled by Colonel Von thoug ht that his place will uc —— ¦» , „ ,. with Burgh , a-vehement . pro .-Rus 3 ian , who , togeuu ^ ,. .. Count Muuster , was present at the Te Deum celebrated at St . Petersburg for the fall of Kara .

    ITALY . The Neapolitan and Sicilian refugees residing at G-enoa are greatly excited in consequence of an order said to have been received by eight ships of war of the English naval division of the JBlack Sea to repair to Messina . A gentleman , whose impartiality may be judge d from the fact that ho is an ardent convert to th e Roman Church , writing quite recently from th Eternal City , offers the following involuntary testimony to "the excellences of the Papal Government : •—" I returned hero ten days ago . Rome ia not of course so full as last year , but I believe a fair quantity of people aro coming . The condition of the States seems just as usual—fraiid , lying , and

    inipoaturo : strong young men beg of you in the streets , and well-dressed mon out of employ : foreigners aro victimised in every way to make up the deficit of a bankrupt treasury . I am afraid to say how much lading I waa charged on arriving at Civita Vecchia for my luggage ; and they ljad the audacity the other day to demand of mo something like 12 a . 6 d . for my ' Weekly Rogister- ' and ' Tablet / which demand I refused to comply with , and want no more newspapers to bo sonc mo from England whilst the rates of postage are bo exorbitant . A . friend of mine told mo he onoo paid five seudi , nioro than £ 1 atorling , for a newspaper . "—The rost of the letter was filled with enthusiastic descriptions of ecclesiastical colcb rations .

    SPAIN . General O ' Dbnnell has boon uoriously ill with bilious fovor , but in now bottor . Ho was seized nt the Quocu'a ball on tho night of tlieJ 20 th of Dooombor , mid at one time was delirious . Sonor Bruil has road , as was oxpootod , tho bill authorising the establishment of a now bank , ou tho principles of , imd iu connexion with , tho Credit Mobilior Company of Paris , and authorising tho Qovornmont to make similar concessions on tho same baaos , when they may consider it advantageous to do ao . The bill was referred to tho sections , for tho nomination of a committee to report upon it . The

    title of the new association is to be " General Society of Credit ; " the capital 256 , 000 , 000 reals , or 120 , 000 , 000 fr . at the exchange of 19 reals per 5 fr ., in 240 , 000 shares of 1 , 900 reals or 50 © fr . each , divided into series , and issued in virtue of a decree of the Council of Administration ; the first series to be 80 , 000 shares , which are to be issued immediately , and on which the subscribers must pay up at least thirty per cent , within fifteen days of the approval of the statutes ; the shares to be payable to bearer , but

    may be deposited by the owners in their names with the society , receiving from the latter a nominative receipt as a guarantee : a reserve fund to be formed annually" out of the profits , but not to exceed 20 , 000 , 000 fr . ; the association to be directed by a council of fifteen administrators , elected by the shareholders ; the council to elect the director-general and sub-director ; and an account to be furnished to the . Government every six months of the state of its affairs , and also at such other time ^ as it may be called on to do so . —Times .

    The Barcelona papers state that the youngest of the - Tristanys has died of the severe wovmds which he received during an encounter which they had with the column of General Rios two days before . Twenty other Carlists were placed hors de combat on that occasion ; twenty-three more Carlists were in prison at Cardona , and about thirty people of that district and Segurra , had been sent oif to Barcelona in custody of a company of Cacadores . The Carlist agents

    sent off to the different districts of Catalonia are stated to have returned with very discouraging news as to the prospects of a successful moTement in any part of Catalonia , so much so that one of the most daring chiefs of the party is said to have exclaimed at their last meeting t hat the game was up for the present , and to have recommended each one to provide for his own safety ( " cad& mocliuelo d suoliro " — " every owl to his ivy-bush " ) . —Idem .

    The Duke of Sotomayor , formerly Ambassador to London and Paris , and at one time Minister of Foreign Affairs at Madrid , has sliot himself dead . For some time past , he had suffered much from gout ; and lately he exhibited great wildness and nervousness , and expressed a fear that he should commit suicide . Indeed , it . appears that he had made one or two attempts previously , but had been prevented by the watchful care o-f his Ducheas .

    ROME . The new foreign Cardinals named atRenne are Joseph Othman Hauscher , Archbishop of Vienna ; Charles Reiaach , Archbishop of Munich ; Clem « nt Villeeourt , Bishop of Repellemin ; and Father Fxancis Gande , Dominican Friar . The Pope , iu nominating them , said that lie desired , to show that the Church of Rome does not recognise any distinction of nation among its servants . A writer from . Rome observes that the ~* that city have called Austria , since the people \ jm . .. - •• « n „ ecclesiastical province passing of the Concordat , * . „ . of Rome . "

    GREECB . It is said in the diplomatic circles of Constantinople that the visit paid to King Otho by St . de ^ Prokesch has resulted in opening the eyes of thai ; sovereign on the policy followed up to the present by his government with regard to the Western Powers . M . C'hristop oulo , Minister of Public Instruction , ha 3 founded at Athens a public school . A telegraphic despatch from Jassy announces that Prince Ghika has decided on the abolition of Blavery , and has convoked the Divan for the 10 th , in order to give this measure a legal sanction .

    Some frightful particulars of the anarchical state of Greece are contained in a letter from Athens : — " In the diatrict of Magara , twenty or tvonty-five malefactors shut up the Mayor ' s ilock in a stable and set fire to tho building . One of the men relented , or the animals would all have been burnt . The crime woa committed because the Mayor had refused to act as tho commissioner of those banditti , Fifty of these ruffians entered the town of Thebes , Fortunately , a detachment of troops was thoro ; but these could not prevent serious disorders hi the Faubourg of St . Theodore , where some WnJlaohinn shepherds were robbed . A similar band njpponred in the pariah of Aorofnion , and put tho monks of tho Convent of Agia Polassia to the torture . They sent woixl to tho

    authorities of Thebes , and especially to tha Miraroh Tzino , charged with tho pursuit of tho brigands , that they invited him to go and attack thorn . In the parish of Lirimni , iu the province of JLoorida , tlioy have seized two young men of good family , for whimo ransom they demand 18 , 000 drachmas . In a village in the province of Hypata , they pillaged all tho inhabitants , throe of whom tlioy mortally wounded . They took away the richest person in the place , for wh « Ho release thos demand a considerable mini . Two of tho inhabitant ? had their oars and hobcs out off . Yoflterday , nt foui hours' jpurnoy from Athens , on the road to Marco poulon , robbers stopped and plundered nil trnvollore In tho night , they entered tho villago of Tatoi , at thret bourn' journey from AthenB , and soized and mutilated tho goudarmoB stationed there . "

    influential persons in this city who ' do not despair of eventually seeing Austria in the Russian camp . ' As long as Count Buol is Minister for Foreign Affairs , such a breach of good fait h is not to be feared ; but , if you should h ear he has quitted office , you may safely conclude that the policy of Austria has undergone a complete change . " Sir Hamilton Seymour is a . great favourite with the Vienna nobles and ladies . H « is on close terms of diplomatic intimacy with Count Buol , with whom he has almost daily conferences . With regard to Naples and Russia , it is said that the Archduke Albrecnt has succeeded ia " shaking the allegiance of King Bomba to the Czar . "

    Count Buol , on Friday week , communicated the terms of peace to Prince Gortschakoff . They are the same as those which have been already mentioned :- ^ - By the cession of so much of the territory of Bessarabia as ia necessary to secure to all nations the free navigation of the Danube , b meant the cession of that part of Bessarabia which lie * between the fortress of Chotyn . on the north , the Salt Lake Saayk on the * outh , and the Pruth on the we 3 t . Three weeks from the day of delivery is the time allowed for considerav tion . To these terms , it is said that the Allie 3 have added—Admission of consuls into the harbours of the Black Sea , and an undertaking on the part of Russia never for the future to erect any fortifications on the Aland Isles .

    A great deal of gossip has been flying about VZV * with respect to the words said to have baen addressed by Lcilis Napoleon to- M ; Sabach , previous to the departure of xuC latter for Dresden and St . Petersburg . It haa been asserted ttdt the French Emperor expressed to the diplomatist the most passionate desire for peace ? that he had no other alternative , as the resources of the country were exhausted ; that , if the Czar rejected the Austrian proposals on the ground

    of excessive rigour , he was to be assured that , whatever might be the intentions of England , France would consent to some others . All this ia most glaringly iinprobable ; but it has made some noise . Count Eaterhazy reachod St . Petersburg on the 26 th ult ., and the next diy communicated to Count do KTesseh-bde the object of his mission . Tho proposals he bears do not take tho form of an ultimatum , but are simply suggestions .

    The correspondent of tho Morning Post at Athens , in mentioning tho decided preference given by the Austrian Ambassador at that city to Russia over England or France , asks— " Why ^ ill Euglaud and France condescend to listen an y longer to anything that Austria may propose , or give her tho opportu nity of atill pursuing that despicable and shuffling policy which has characterised all her acta relating to the present war ? " A conspicuously printed leading article hns also appeared in the Morning Post during tho week , saying " that Prussia shall bo compelled to abandon her dishonest neutrality , and declare hersolf for u = i or against ua . " This co ming from a Government orgau , is rather significant .

    FRANCE . The author of tho famous pump-Mot , advocating a Congrena of Kings for tho settlement of tho Eastern question , ia now discovered to bo an old St . Siinonian iind phalauatorian , a journalist , a speculator , and a hanger-on of th « Credit Mobilier . That tho Emperor has anything to do with tho pamphlet , seems improbable ; but thoro aro those who think that one of tas xainiatera has to some exfcoot " inspired" tho production .

    Au . Tho Chevalier do Hniuher , Archbishop of Vienna nw been created a Cardinal , aa a Toward for hut efforts in bringing about the Conoordat . tT ^ ° 'S S Empres a of Austria oomplotod her 9 pi y 0 ! Vr on tlxo 2 < ltn of D ° co » nbor . The Protestant party in Prussia Wo petitioned tho wmporor of Austria to relax tho novoro moaaureB tftkon against tho convert Boraaunaky . Ono of tho

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    January 5 , 1856 . ] ^ THE LEADER . 9

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 5, 1856, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2122/page/9/