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• THF PFA f 1 ^ V^ Xj . baa
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rating Count Ca . vour ' s suggestions . We last week had Parma reminding the > world of its existence , and showing us how Austria treats the independent Italian states . This veek we have the students of Padua made acquainted with the rigours of Austrian Government , as a consequence of disturbance in the . city . The British Ihnpire etllltirutSS tmdistm-DBtl . Sir Chaeles IIotham , indeed lias died at Melbourne from a summer raaladft aggravated by the
counter to all constitutional principle . We have Mr . Headla-jm labouring ! to » ^ ish forward his Medical Reform Bill ^ with tbg assistance of medical coadjutors or theifc « dvocabes In the House of Commons , who suppoA him with suggestions for annihilating his bill with amendments . It has more trtaend " meat * than clauses , and the proposal amounts to "he it enacted "—the exact reverse of what he started with ! We have an inquiry into our penal servitude with a view to some i-eform not yet foreseen . And we have a bran new measure for totally changing the corporation of the City of London . This is a clean sweep—Lord Mayor ' s show and all . We are to have the Lord Mayor , Aldermen , and Common Council , the Recorder , and most of
the chief officers , with their ancient titles ; but the Aldermen will be virtually merged in the Common Council , except as to their duration of office , which will be six years , —and the exercise of the magistracy in certain official civil cases . The police jurisdiction of the magistrates , the Lord Mayor ' s courts , the conservancy of the Thames , the coal duties , the street duties , the liveried companies , the Lord Mayor ' s show , —all belong to the past . If the bill be enacted this session , we can scarcely expect the ghost of the pageant to pass down Cheapside or ur > the River .
irritation of a Ministerial crisis * of xvhich he saw no end . The colonist *)? Victoria are struggling with the most incompatible circumstances—great wealth , scanty capital , old official traditions , greenness in the rising men , republican notions , and an Imperial Government . Who can make a Cabinet out of elements thus produced ? The quarter-deck Governor who thought to coax and bully everybody into obedience , found himself in a course
as hopeless of any end as if he had been on board the Flying Dutchman . He was conscientious enough to wish to do his duty , and died from irritation at the impossibility . It is said that he left , by way of legacy , a kind of warning , that naval officers had better not go on board Colonial Governments . The whole result of his adminstration has l ) een immensely to increase that republican feeling which lias made the Australians talk about " the Banner of the Five Stars . "
In India , the process of annexation goes on smoothly , and reform appears falling into a kind of ' routine ; but there is the less apprehension that it will suffer , because , the experienced and energetie Dalhousie is re placed by our late Postmaster-General . At home we are getting on magnificently . Mr . Keogh has been appointed to a vacant seat on
the Irish judicial bench ; Sir Harry Jones is made head master at Sandhurst ! Our Premier has booked for himself a place as the " Chatham of Peade , " and hot without reason ; for he is the ablest man in the Government , and he has shown that he can turn his hand to a new business ., even while enriched with an experience of * so many years , a » d so many positions .
The revenue tables are full of sunshine—a grand increase of nearly a million and a half on the quarter , and of four millions and a lialf upon the half year . The Board of Trade returns also show a decided increase , even over the first two months of 1854 ; the result of that flourishing trade which Mr . Edward Baxter moralised in
proposing in a dinner in Dundee , the toast of the American President and people . Our prosperity depends upon our power of checking the enemies of lawp liberty , aiid commerce , and in preserving unbroken peace with our neutral friends ; and luckily we have too many practical politicians like Mr . Baxter to permit jury serious breach of that sound rule .
And the House of Commons too—it is grinding away at bills for this lmppy country , that cannot h ' -ve without a surfeit of laws 1 We have already so many that wo cannot know them , remember them , ox' understand their drift . Even the lawyers themselves do not know tlie body of the ' , hw . The Judges improvise ifc on the bench , from the impossibility of knowing what Parliament lias dqno or intended . We have then this week n
resolution in the Hquso of Comraqns to go . on with M » , ^ Tilson Patten ' s Bill ( io amend the last ^ t- ^ yy Acts Amondmont Act , by promoting running gear , to b the subject of arbitration in regard £ 9 \ # ^ 9 * 8 ofi * a * well « a standing machinery . Wo &M $ i $ ? £ announcement of a new measure to ntof ft ^ PfiW * yiOewf | a » , where My . Roebuck lma ¦ ¦ 4 ^^ te 4 1 ^ ' $ M » ^ JK « a « tf RrepQnt ^ ppond upon thoHomeO ^ e ^ or ^^ cn ^ qnspf th ^ ^ W , ^
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Peace baa been thade . After a month of anxious deliberation * last Sunday saw the conclusion of those labours which had for their object the reconciliation of belligerents , and the readjustment of international " guarantees . " At half-past one o ' clock on Sunday , the 30 th of March , the Parisian Prefect of Police placarded the subjoined announcement : — - , _ " Congress of Paris , March 30 . Peace was signed to-day , at one o ' clock , at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs .
The Plenipotentiaries of France , of Austria , of Great Britain , of Prussia , of Russia , of Sardinia , and of Turkey , affixed their signatures to the treaty which puts an end to the present war , and whici , in settling tlie Eastern question , places the peace of Europe upon a firm and . durable basis . " Pietri , Prefect of Police . " The news was first made generally known in London by the firing , at ten o ' clock at night , of a royal salute by the Horse Guards and the Tower guns . Crowds of persons were of course soon
attracted to those spots . Every avenue to the esplanade behind the Horse Guards and the Mall was thronged by an eager concourse ; but it was only those who at that hour approached by the Duke of York ' s column that were able to obtain admission . Others who were excluded lingered about in great numbers in front of the Horse Guards , along Whitehall , at Charing-cross , and in Pall-mall , till after eleven o'clock . The bells of St . Martin ' s Church , St . Bride ' s , and several of the city churches , also rang a series of peals , in celebration of the occasion , at intervals until midnisht .
Peace was proclaimed in London on Monday , a few minutes before ten o ' clock , by the Lord Mayor , attended by Sheriffs Rose and Kennedy , the Sword-bearer , Mace-bearer , and City MarshaL These functionaries proceeded to the stone balcony in front of the Mansion-house , where a raised dais hadfbeen erected , covered with crimson cloth , whence his Lordship read a communication- from Sir George' Grey , announcing the fact that the treaty had been signed . A large number of persons had assembled , who cheered , and waved their
hats . At twelve o ' clock , the same dispatch was read by the Lord Mayor in front of the Royal Exchange . The roofs and windows of the houses were crowded , and standards were hung from all available points . The news was also announced at Guildhall . The guns at the Tower then fired . The announcement of peace caused a rise of three-eighths per cent . in . the English funds on Monday morning , and the market , at the conclusion of the day , showed a further tendency to improvement . The Bank of France has reduced its
rate of discount from six per cent ., at which it has stood since the 18 th of last October , to five per cent . The augmented rate of income tax granted by the English Parliament last year will continue until the Cth of April which shall first happen after the expiration of one year from the ratification of the Treaty of Peace . The ratification will probably take place about the end of the present month , so that the augmentation will not cease until April 6 tli , 1858 .
Immediately after the signing of the Treaty of Peace at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , the Plenipotentiaries proceeded to the Palace of die Tuileries , to communicate the fact to the Emperor in person . His Majesty received them in the Salon des , Ambnssadeurs , attended by the officers of his household . " Whon tho news was nnuotmaod , " writes tho Times correspondent , " the Emperor is said to hiwo oxp roused his thanks to tho Plenipotentiaries for having couio iu norsan to him with such agreeable tidings . Ho observed that tho result of tlioir labours during tho Conferences wna tho complete realisation of tho
Hneooh delivered by Lord Clarendon in tho Houso of Lords ; and that the poaoo which tho Allies were doturminod on concluding was one whioh carried with it wo humiliation to lluHaia , nncl whioh did not compromise tho dignity or independence of any o « o ; ifc was , iu faafc , buoIi aa a great nation might propose ov accopt without degradation , and it therefore had all the elements of wolidity and durability ; and ho acklod , that bo favourable a result w » un , In a groat measure , owing to tho conciliatory upirit and inodoration which marked tho policy of England and which wan particularly folt in tho coui-bo of tho present Conferences . "
Some particulars with respect to tho mode oi signing , given by ft French paper , aro not without interest : — « Seven oopiea wer © made on parchment , after tho
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314 THE LE A D E R . [ No . 315 , Saturn
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THE PEA CK
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Singular Death of a Lamplighter . —An inquest has been held , touching the death of Robert Griffin ; a lamplighter , lately in the employ of the London Gas Company . He was cleaning the lamps in Great James-street , Theobald ' s-road . The " pitcher / 3 or iron support , projecting from the lamp-posts , ' gave way , and the man fell with his ladder , sustaining such severe injuries that he died . Some of the witnesses said that the " pitchers" are frequently injured by boys hanging to them after climbing up the lampposts . The jury recommended the subject of giviiinincreased strength to the " pitchers" to the consideration of the Metropolitan Board of Works . jBTasteks and Operatives . —Mr . Mackinnon ' s committee for inquiry into the best means for adjusting disputes between employers and their workpeop le ^ met on Thursday , when evidence was given with respect to the working of the systems already existing in -France for securing the interests , and removing the the misundertakings , of both parties , A Commemorative Church at Constantinople . —A . large and influential committee , composed partly of naval and military officers , partly of clergymen and civilians , has been formed with the view of raising funds for the erection of a church iu Constantinople , as the most appropriate monument to the memory of those who fell in the late war , and of gratitude to God for the restoration of peace . A public meeting will shortly be held for the promotion of this object " under the presidency of the Duke of Cambridge ' . The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has already received upwards of £ 1 , 000 in aid ofthis object . The Income Tax . —A . meeting , with the view < . f
pressing upon the Government the abolition of tlie income-tax , or its readjustment iu accordance with the principles of equity , was held early in the week at Birmingham . The mayor presided , and the speakers included Mr . Prico , M . P ., Mr . Attwood Mr Partridge , Mv . S . Bowloy , Mr . T . M . Sturge , &c . A petition to the House of Commons , and a memorial to tlio Chancellor of the Exchequer , were decided on . The Civil Service Superannuation Committee met again on Tuesday , tho Chancellor of the Exchequer in tho chair , when Dr . Fare was examined . Tho tenor of his evidence was to tho effect that it would be injudicious to abolish the fund . Tun Cash ov Mr . Dvoa Sombue . —An appeal has boon . brought iu tho Judicial Committee of Privy Council against the decision of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury , which nilod that tho last will of tho late Mr . Dyoe Sombre was invalid , owing to tho insanity of the testator . The froah proceedings have not yot been brought to a cloao . Embkhzxkmbnt . — Qoorge Frederick Lilliorap formerly a grocer in BiahonHgate-Htroot-without , is now undor ramaud « fc tho Mansion-house , charged with removing , ooncoalhig , and oinboiwling , part of his stnto and offeots after ho had been adjudged a bankrupt iu the mouth of April last , with intent to clofiuudi his oroditprs . "Shmmi' Sauce to a Lobstku . " —Some boys , of ages varying from twelve to sixteen , havo boon fined for poltmg stones at tho soldiers drawn up in tho park on Sunday for tho purpose of firing the guns . I , t was oxpootcd that tho guns would bo lh-od at ouo o ' oloolc in fcho day ; but tho order was countermanded , txnd the disappointed youngsters vented thoraaelvea jo * a atopy shower .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 5, 1856, page 314, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2135/page/2/
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