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diture -which the , Hkmse was asked to make good . So much for ' the successful war with Persia . ' He must support the present motion , though grieved to do anything which might embarrass the Government . —Viscount Bury would , for that reason , oppose the jmotion , though disapproving ' of the Persian war . —Mr . Danbt Seymour also opposed the motion , and defended the war . — Mr . WatouGHBT thought the present was not the time for arraigning the Government .- ^ -Sir W . F . Wn * tiA * ia observed that , within bis personal knowledge , the
designs of Russia upon India wore the theme of conversation throughout the East .. Under these circumstances , the war with Persia was politic and necessary . If the finger of Russia was visible at Herat , that of England was seen at Mohammerah . —Mr . Lygon ( who spoke for the first time ) reminded the House that it was wandering away from the real point at issue in discussing the abstract justice of the Persian war . The true question before the House was the great constitutional question whether wars should be made without its sanction . —Mr . Sheridan supported the motion .
Lord John Russell said Mr . Roebuck had raised two questions—viz ., as to the control of the House over grants of money , and as to the policy of the Persian ¦ war . The House had been in , a great measure a consenting party to the war j but he did not think the Government w ithout blame in the matter , as they had carried their reserve so far aa to say that they would not produce the papers in connexion with the war until the ratification of the peace . Still , the House would not be justified in coming to so strong a condemnatory resolution as Mr . Roebuck ' s . " With respect to the -war
itself , he conceived that as good a convention might have been had without a war as that we had obtained by hostilities . An agreement might have been come to on the basis of the concessions made by Ferukh Khan at Constantinople , or by means of temperate diplomatic discussion . If Persia really was inclined to Russian influences , pur wisest course would be to con--ciliate her ; and indeed the only way to maintain peace is by endeavouring , to . smooth down quarrels , and by telling our agents that it is not our interest or our wish to inflame differences .
'Mr . Waxfoue agreed with Lord John Russell as regards the policy of the late war , but was disappointed with his tone on the constitutional question of responsibility to the House . Parliament should have been called together as soon as expenditure was determiued on ; but that was not done . lie should vote for going into Committee of Supply , but on the distinct understanding that Governments ore not to involve the country , in . the expenses of a war ¦ without the knowledge of the legislative body . —Colonel Sykes approved of the course the Government had taken for securing the independence of Herat , the key of India . —Mr . Vernoji
/ Smith denied that it was constitutionally the duty of a Minister of the Crown to consult Parliament before going to . war or making peace ; and he questioned , moreover , the . policy of disclosing to the world our intentions when hostilities were contemplated . The calling Parliament together specially might have been prejudicial to the public interests . When Parliament did meet the papers were laid before it as soon aa the negotiations were brought to . a close . The same treaty could not have been obtained at Constantinople as had been concluded at , Paris . The powers of Fexukh Khan , in the first instance , were defective , and . the negotiations were broken off by him .
Mr . Gladstone took an unfavourable view of the policy of the Persian war . Ho was sceptical of the importance which was attached to the possession of Herat . He-could attribute to other causes than intrigues against India b # either Persia or Russia , the desire of Persia , with its anoient traditions ,, to obtain possession of that « i ' ty . The present question , however , was , whether the conduct , of ; the Government in not informing the House o £ the commencement of the late Persian war , was such as- to deserve severe reprehension . Neither recent events inu China or India ,, nor the policy of the Persian war itself , wag fairly a . pait of the question ^ But , this was m > parentr-thftt peace was ooncluded at Paris alter the
vrary in terms : less favourable than wore offered at Conrfltantinoplei before it . With regard to the constitutional . question ,, he contended that the power of Parliament ought not to . be curtailed by the doctrine that the action ofi the vast and . powerful machinery of the Indian Government should bo altogether independent of thoir authority . ( Cheers , ) , T 1 * ° flrat Pftrt o ( f ll * e resolution which * , merely recited facts , was the one whioh they wore then called on to decide upon ; , but with , regard to the second , port , though he did not wish to censuro the Governmomy he , thought , ( the * House would not bo doing its duty iC it . passed over without notice the course which had , been taken ..
Lord . pATiMBRaxoN asserted , that it was a principle of the constitution that the Ministry should have tuo power of-declaring war or concluding peace , but , nt the same time , ho freely admitted that it was thoir duty to take the oarlloab , possible . opportunity of communicating to Parliament . tho . < course whioh they had felt it their duty to pursue .. This , case , howovorv waa an exception to the ganoral rule . For the reasons stated , it would liavo , been , inexpedient at tho firat expectation , of war to call Parliament together ,, and ,, aftoe Um > . declaration , of war , the
earliest time that Parliament could have been called together was the first or second week in January . It was appointed to meet early in February > , but when it did meet , where were the members for the Oxford and Cambridge Universities ? W here were the great champions of constitutional privileges ? Silent as the grave . { Hear . ) Those gentlemen who thought that Parliament should have been called hastily together a fortnight sooner , brooded over their indignation from February till July , { Laughter , and loud cheers . ") The member for Sheffield had contemplated the loss of the Indian Empire , and other calamities , and , when hon . members cried , "No , no , " he had said , " Those are English noes . " ( Hear , hear . ') He wished he could say that the hon member ' s speeches were English speeches { cheers ) ; but it was because they -were not that his vote of cen-^^^ . . . — T 7 _ . . tj T , ^_»« VinsYvt /> ol 1 n / l
sure recoiled upon himself and his supporters . The weakness of Persia by the side of India rendered it politic that Herat , the key of India , should not be in the hands of Persia ; and the progress of events had shown that the evacuation of Herat could not have been obtained without resorting to hostilities . Upon this ground he contended that the war was justified ; and , with , regard to the argument that sufficient had not been gained by the treaty of peace , he thought the Government should be praised instead of censured for waiving objections in order to avoid the continuance of war . { Hear . ) He held that the policj' of the Government , which was the policy of Lord Malmesbury as well as of Lord Clarendon , could not but be beneficial to England ; and he therefore asked the House to proceed at once to the Committee of Supply .
Mr . Disbakli thought the resolutions possessed ^ a constitutional principle in nervous , proper , and Parliamentary language , and he defended Mr . Roebuck from the vituperation which had been cast upon him . He was justified in . calling attention to the subject ; but the premises hardly justified the sweeping conclusions which were arrived at , and therefore he ( Mr . Disraeli ) should vote for going into Committee . The House then divided , when there
appeared—For going into Committee ef Supply 352 For Mr . Roebuck ' s resolutions ... 38 Majority ... ... ... —314 The announcement was received with laughter and Ministerial cheers . The Souse then went into Committee of Supply , when the report was brought up and agreed to . The routine business was disposed of , and the House adjourned shortly after one o'clock .
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ELECTION COMMITTEES . Gajlway ( Town . )—Some amusing evidence was given before this committee , last Saturday , by Edward Waldron , a butcher and a freeman . He said that an offer had been made to him of 41 . for his vote if he could get twenty other butchers to join him . He replied that he would go as the rest of the trade went . The price was afterwards raised to 51 . a man . In cross-examination on behalf of the sitting member , Mr . O'Flaherty , Waldron , said : — " He was the man who had sworn at Galway that he drank a quart of whisky at a sitting . He drank hia whisky neat—he did not know the meaning of ' diluted . ' ( Laughter . ) He \ , had once voted for Mr . O'Flaherty without getting anything for his vote . There
were forty-eight of his trade , and they all went together . At the last election , he received nothing for his vote for the town , but he did for his vote for the county . He had not made a bargain for the trade . They had neither received nor expected anything . They all voted for Colonel French . He had been promised nothing except by Miles Ward . He had made up his mind to vote for Fronch at the timo he was drinking out Miles Ward's money . When he had drunk ' out Miles Ward ' s money , he begaa to drink on liis own . He had never mude any arrangement with a man named Gill , but he was once at Gill's house when one of the trade said that they would vote for 10 / . each . He said 5 / . was enough . Some other man said that the other trades got 10 / ., speaking of the
tailors , and bo thought they ought to have as much . The money was refused them ; and Mr , Blake , who was the candidate at that time , withdrew . His retirement waa in consequence of that conversation . They then telegraphed for Colonol French to take Mr . Blake ' s place . Ho denied that they hud made an offer to Gill to vote for 4 . 1 . a-picco . " On re-examination , the witness said that in 1852 he was agent for the county election fur a few hours , and got 8 / . Ho then received 8 / . for voting for the town .- —Mr . Anthony O'Flahorty , the sitting member , also gave evidonco , and denied that ho had
bribed or treated any one . Ho placed in the hand * of Mr . Bernard O'Fluherty , a relativo , the Bum of 2150 / ., but that was towards tho payment of the necessary expenses . Ho also placed 501 . in tho hands of a porson named John Oliver , for tho purpose of luring a room and engaging street messengers ; but ho never gave him or any other person money for an improper or corrupt purnoso . A previous election had cost him 1500 / ,, though ho was promised that ho should bo returned froo of expense . The present inquiry hat ) resulted in tho unseating of Mr . Anthony O'Fluhorty . Mayo . —Tho committee have glvon , in thoir report ,
the upshot of which is the unseating Mr . Moore , on the ground of the intimidation exercised by the priests . Lambeth . — Tho petition in this case is against thereturn of Mr . Roupell , one of the Liberal candidates on the ground of bribery . A great many agents appear to have been engaged , and an unnessary number of publichouses hired for committee-rooms and-for placarding . Mr . W . Buckland , an estate agent and collector of the rents of some hundred tenants in Camberwell and Walworth , said he was chairman of the committee at the Duke of Suffolk in Wolworth . In cross-examination , he stated : " Nothing to drink was allowed in his committee-room , which so disgusted , the members that they signed a round robin to the central committee asking for central committee -J-T . A « irtcTi 4-if : rt-f xwliioli ifl +. llA lltlSefl-tlUff IVl !* * JlxGOrfi . nn + Ti «
an allowance of drink , but the very properlv refused the application . " { Laughter . ) Mr . Manning , asurgeon , who had been employed to ascertain the relative positions of certain public-houses in the borough , gave evidence as to some which had been employed as committee-rooms by Mr . Roupcll . They were at a very short distance from each other . Mr . Truman , who had acted under a Mr . Barton , stated that he was present at the general committee when it was decided that the publichouses should be opened . " He had signed cheques in conjunction with the treasurer . On the 16 th . of March , he signed a cheque for 1000 / ., and on the 20 th one for 1000 / ., on the 27 th one for 1272 / ., and on the 2 nd of April one for 1100 / ., making , with an entry of cash drawn from the bank on the 6 th of April , a total of
4822 / ., of which there was a small balance remaining at the end of the election . He signed forty-four or fortyfive pay-sheets , but could not tell the number of publichouses or beershops which had been engaged as placarding houses . There might have been a dozen , but he certainly had not paid fif ty . He believed the word ' canvasser' had been substituted for ' chairman' on the pay-sheets , because the central committee' only acknowledged and engaged them as canvassers . In every case they refused to acknowledge paid committeemen . Not a single conrmitteeman was paid as a committeenian . They were only paid as canvassers . The word ' chairman' might have been printed on the pay-sheet , but no payments were made to any one as chairman . Some of
the forty-four houses were houses of call , where there was a respectable man as clerk to receive the canvassers and pay the money . " The report of the committee declares that the objections to Mr . Ro ' upelFs return are frivolous . There appear to have been some very discreditable attempts on the part of the promoters of the petition to bargain with Mr . Roupell for its withdrawal , provided he would consent not to proceed against them for costs , and to use his influence as a member of the House to obtain the passing of an act for embodying a certain railway company in which the petitioners were interested , and of which , in that case , Mr . Roupell should be created a director . The hon . gentleman stated in his evidence that he felt strongly moved to
kick the }> o ] -son who made the proposal to him . Buitv St . EdmuiNw ' s . —This committee has declared the sitting member , Mr . Hardcastle , to be duly elected . Weymouth and . Maldos . —These committees have been sitting in the course of the week . The allegations against tho present members are bribery , treating , and . undue influence ,
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MR . GLADSTONE ON CLASSICAL EDUCATION . The annual examination of the pupils of Trinity College , Glenalnioiul , Perthshire—uu institution connected with the Scotch Episcopal Church . —took placo on Thursday week . A largo and brilliant company did honour to tho occasion . After the examination , tho visitors and the chief persons of the College met at luncheon , and Mr . Gladstone , in giving tho toast of ' Tho Parents , * mado a long speech . After a few preliminary remarks , ho undertook tho somewhat unnecessary trouble of eulogizing Scotch genius , skill , and energy—a tank which our northern neighbours are not slow in performing for
thomsolves . He observed : — " There is no population on tho face of tho earth , at least in my knowledge , which has produced in proportion to its numbers so . largo a company of eminent men , so vast an amount of moral energy , such a inasculino tone of thought , so that tho name of a Scotchman is proverbial for prudence , sagacity , and solf-rolianco—of almost ovary quality on which man ' s success in life depends . No doubt wo find the source of thoHG results in tho character of tho people , and also in the institutions of tho country ; but if thorn is one wonk place in these institutions , it ' i . s in connexion with that department of knowledge which is the object
of your energetic and valuable labours—that particular department of high mind oulturo which U derived from tho fountuins of Greece and Romo , to whioli , in a groat degree , is due tho civilisation of Europe , and which possesses a power almost grcatur than any other in contributing to muko man groat . If tho waul , of this has boon nomoptiblo in Scotland , I am glad to think that tho supply of that defect in tho outset hna boon , the main and snecUlo object of thot nndation of Trinity Collugo . Not' that I would spank as if tho cultivation of tlio mental powers woro tlio inspiring idoa . It ia Trinity Collogo in whioh wo stand , and it is tho glory of God that la tlio end of tula foundation . " ( AjwImusc . )
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¦ THE iEADHK _ [ No . 382 , July 18 , 1857 . O | O' ' ^ ' ^^^—¦ ' - ' ' ' " ' ~~ " ' - ~~ == T ~~^ * " - ' - ' '¦ —— - ^ ^^——¦ I ^ ' ^ MW * *^ ' *^^^^^^
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Leader (1850-1860), July 18, 1857, page 678, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2201/page/6/
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