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injuries from his fall on the stones that he died shortly af terwards at University College Hospital . His person was found to be a good deal burnt . Of the other fourteen occupants of the second floor , not one was saved . In about an hour after the discovery of the fire , and while the eng ines were , still plying , the whole building fell suddenly to the ground , sending a thrill of horror through the spectators ; but this led to the more speedy extinction of the flames , and , when the ruins were sufficiently cool , the firemen and police made search for the bodies . Three hours elapsed before the fourteen corpses were drawn out , and , as each was recovered , it was taken to St . Giles's workhouse . The authorities were not prepared with shells for so many bodies ; and accordingly some of the ghastly remains were deposited on saw dust . A good many of these poor creatures appear to have been alive at the time the house fell , the bodies in those cases being marked , not with burns , but with wounds . —An inquest on the bodies was opened by Mr . Wakley on Tuesday , and adjourned for a fortnight , in order that a post mortem examination should be made of some of the bodies , though for what purpose was not stated . The evidence received on the first day did not throw any light on the cause of the calamity . James George Fleming , the engineer of the Chandos-street station for fire-engines , was strongly and pointedly interrogated on the means of communication adopted at the various engine-stations in case of fire . These inquiries resulted in the reply that Fleming had received Ms information about the fire from a stranger ; and that there is no regular organization among the stations to communicate vith each other , either by signals or otherwise . The police are generally believed to be entrusted with the responsibility of sending for the engines . The Rev . Mr . Long , one of the curates of St . George's , Bloomsbury , gave it as his opinion that it was impossible for any one to get out of the window of the second floor , because of some boards that were placed against it on the inside . The house appears to have been very ill built : there were no windows to the back rooms , the light being obtained through an aperture communicating with a skylight on the stairs ; and the basement was cat away , in order to make an open carpenter ' s shop . The upper part was supported on wooden posts ; and , when the fire had burnt through these , the house fell . On the night in question , Smith ( one of the persons now dead ) had been drinking , and it appears that he was frequently in the habit of so indulging . The Rev . W . Hughes suddenly fell back , and" expired , in the pulpit of Liversedge Church , near Leeds , last Sunday . He was reading the prayers at the time ; and , a minute before , had paused for a moment , turned pale , and then resumed . Apoplexy is supposed to have been the cause of death . A shell , charged with fulminating mercury and other explosive , materials , burst at Woolwich Arsenal on Wednesday morning , during the progress of some intricate experiments . All those who were standing round escaped , with one exception—a man named Forrest , lately a sergeant in the Royal Artillery , but who had recently entered the Royal Laboratory Department of ¦ Woolwich . His right arm was fearfully shattered ^ and it was found necessary to amputate it , which was done under the influence of chloroform , and the man seems likely to recover .
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STATE OF TRADE . A little further improvement is reported from Nottingham , Leicester , Leeds , and Halifax ; but in most other places the utmost amount of dulness continues to prevail . In the general business of the port of London during the week ending lost Saturday , there has been little alteration . The number of ships reported inward was 135 , including two from China , with 20 , 278 packages of tea , and 764 bales of silk . The number cleared outward was 99 , including 15 in ballast ; and those on the berth loading for the Australian colonies amount to 47 . The Revenue Returns for the quarter ending on Wednesday exhibit several favourable points . The Customs Show an increase of 644 , 752 / ., the Excise of 858 , 000 / , 8 tamps of 146 , 496 / ., and Taxes of 48 , 013 / . The Income-tax reveals a decrease of 8 , 651 , 882 / ., consequent on the abolition of the war ninoponce . The net decrease on the quarter amounts to 2 , 508 , 889 / . The total decrease on tho year , as compared with tho previous year , amounts to 4 , 452 , 550 / ., chiefly attributable to tho operation of reduced taxes .
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IRELAND . Thk Com . kok itioTs . —Tho criminal proceedings in connexion with these riots commenced on Friday week in the Collogo-strcot police-oflice , Dublin . —The inquiry lias continued during tho week , but is not yet finished . -In-the-orosa-oxnnilmiXiou-of _ oiio . of . _ tho-wituesaca ,,. a . ati » - - dent in tho college , an answer was given , which ia worthy of quotittion < m a specimen of Irish oddity : — Counsel;— " Did . you throw any oranges ? " Witness ( to Mr . Macdonogh ) : "Am 1 to iinswer that ? " Mr . Maodonogh : "Not if you don ' t like . " Witness : "I did not . " ( Lawjhtvr . ) Tub Uwivkhsity Election . — Tho election for Dublin University hoa closed , after spreading over about a
week . The numbers finally stood thus :- —Lefroy , 589 ; Gayer , 350 ; majority for Lefroy , 239 . The , Pope and Mb . Maguiue , M . P . —The hon . member for Dungarvon borough has been honoured by the receipt of a brief from the Pope , constituting him Knight Commander of the Order of St . Gregory . Mr . Maguire ' s recently published work on Rome has earned the decoration for him . —Times .
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AMERICA . Politics in the United States appear to have gone to sleep for the present . ' The bill for the admission of Kansas into the Union continues , indeed , to be debated in the Senate ; but it has not yet passed . There has been another ' personal difficulty . ' One member called another a liar , and the compliment was returned . On the following day , however , both senators apologized , and withdrew the offensive expressions . A petition from the Legislature of Utah has been , presented , and read in the House of Representatives . The document recites the alleged wrongs of the ' saints , ' and calls upon the President to restore to the Mormons their lost property in Missouri , and to punish the murderers of the Prophet Joseph Smith and the assassins of Parley P . Pratt . They say that , if the Government will restore their constitutional rights , withdraw the invading army , and permit them to make their own official appointments , all will be right ; but , unless this be done , trouble will come of it . The Indians of Florida have signified their willingness to emigrate to the westward of the Mississippi , and a hope is generally entertained that the Florida war will soon terminate . An election in Kansas on the 9 th of March passed off " quietly . The enrolment of the Free State Militia is progressing , notwithstanding the Governor ' s proclamation against it . The . New York Herald understands that an action for false imprisonment is about to be instituted against the agents of the Rothschilds in New York by one of the parties who was arrested on a charge of defrauding the Northern Railway Company of France of a large amount of shares . The Constituent Assembly of Nicaragua has declared the Governments of General Walker unconstitutional and all their acts void and worthless . The denationalization of Walker and his followers has been decreed . The Martinez Cabinet will not sanction the treaty recently negotiated at Washington by Seiior Yrissarri between Nicaragua and the United States . A very remarkable and alarming event has occurred at Alton Penitentiary . A convict , named Hall , one morning knocked down a turnkey , stunned him , dragged him into one of the lower pells , tied his hands behind his back , fastened the cell-door , placed the man against it , and , drawing a large knife , threatened him with death unless he ( Hall ) were allowed to go at liberty . The act was soon known , and Colonel Buckmaster , the Governor , came with his guards to the spot . They found , however , that they could do nothing . Hall gave them , to understand that he would instantly kill Crabb , the turnkey , if any attempt were made upon the door ; and , as he spoke , he held his knife within a couple of inches of the man's breast . For upwards of an hour , Colonel Buckmaster and his guards watched for an opportunity to shoot Hall ; but there was onlyone aperture , and the ruffian kept his victim between himself and it . About noon , Crabb made an effort to open the door ; but Hall cut him severely in the hand . During the day , he stated his terms of submission to be , a revolver loaded by himself , a full suit of clothes , and one hundred dollars in money ; furthermore , he was to be driven out of town in a close carriage , accompanied by Crabb , to such place as he might designate . Of course , these offers were refused ; but Colonel Buckmaster obtained a pardon from Government to be used at his discretion . At eleven o ' clock at night , one of tho guards got a shot at Hall , but to no effect . Hall professed to have no ill-feeling towards Crabb , but refused to let him loose ,. and occasionally ( soj-b the account ) " amused himself by pricking his victim with the point of his knife . " So passed the night ; the convict defeating every attempt to entrap him into coming out , and occasionally lying down against the iron-lined door , whore ho was safe from bullets . " At nine o'clock on tho following morning , " continues tho account , " Mr . Rutherford , the State superintendent , and Colonel Buckmastor undertook to got into the coll of the prisoner by stratagem . Breakfast was sot at the cell door in vessels of larger size than ordinary , but tho convict refused to open the door until the hull was cleared , which , after a brief consultation , was done . Tho governor , superintendent , and guards were on each side of tho coll , but out of sight and motionless . Tho convict slowly opened the door nearly on . qu gMa-MUnLu . ll ) fiJ ^ inserted . Tho govornur cried out to Crabb to fight for Ilia life . Ho accordingly sprang to the opening of the door , and nt length drugged himself through , but not before he was stabbed by tho convict nine times , seven times in tho buck and twice on tho arms . When tho poor victim wuu drngguri out , the convict barred the door agnln , and rgfusod to yield . Ho was then given a few minutes for reflection , and , after much dodging and
effort to get out of the reach of the fire , was shot by the governor . The ball struck him just below the left ear , and , glancing round , lodged under the skull . He fell instantly , was dragged out of the cell , and was thought to be dead , but soon recovered and talked as sensibly as any man could under the circumstances . His knife , about eight inches long , with a double edge , was found in the cell , and on his person was another and larger knife . Crabb was immediately taken to the hospital , and his wounds were examined and dressed . The convict was laid on a mattress in the prison hall . He hoped Crabb would live , and in the next breath said he had put five men in the same ' fix' he was in himself . He did not live long . " A negro has been ' lynched' at Antrim , California . He had been placed in prison for the murder of a man ; but the mob assaulted the officials , broke into the gaol , dragged the murderer to the nearest tree , and suspended him . The knot being improperly adjusted , the negro , after hanging about a minute , exclaimed , " Lord God , gentlemen , I can ' t die this way ! " He was then lowered , the knot was placed under his ear , and he was soon strangled . A slave case in California has excited great indignation . A native of one of the southern states resided for a time in California , which is a free state ; and he was accompanied by a slave boy . On preparing to return to his own home , the boy refused to go with him , and the case was brought before the Supreme Court at San Francisco . The master contended that the gentleman was merely a sojourner in California ; that he had no intention of acquiring a domicile ; and that therefore his slave could not claim protection from the laws of the State . It was admitted , however , that he had engaged in business since he had been there , and had set his slave to work ; but the court decided in . favour of his demand , being indisposed " to enforce rigidly the rule of law for the first time . " The poor boy , consequently , was carried off in a cart , heavily ironed , and guarded by policemen . Much indignation has been expressed by the Californian papers . Distressing news has arrived from Monte Video . By the time the amnesty granted by the Government to the prisoners of Rio-Neyer had reached them , twenty-nine had been shot .
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MAZZINI IN AIMS . Two remarkable documents by Mazzini have been published in the English papers this week . One of these is an address to the Genoese judges who have tried and condemned him and the other Piedmontese insurrectionists ; the other is a letter to the French Emperor . In the former , the great Italian agitator thus impeaches the justice of the recent trials : — " The prosecution itself , with its vague uncertainties ; with the contradictory evidence of the witnesses for the Crown ; with its revelations , extorted by terror one day and denied the next ; with its declarations of soldiers who fail to recognize their assailants ; with its mass of useless , non-criminating matter from speeches and writings previously tolerated by the Government , down to letters of private affection basely made the subject of its inquisitions , —must have already shown you that the greater number of the prisoners were ignorant of those preparations now forming the subject of trial ; that the police arrested them at random to atone , as it were , for its previous negligence ; that this jumble of useless and irrelevant allegations is merely a vulgar artifice adopted by the fiscal advocate in order to confuse the mind and distract it from tho sole point of real importance . But it is not my intention to usurp the office of tho counsel for the defence in order to exonerate either one or other of the accused . Still I have the right to remind you , in the interest of all the prisoners , and , still more , in the interest of the country which your decision may dishonour or disgrace , that there is nothing in all this soi-ilisant evidence which—I will not say confirms—but which has any connexion with the indictment . " The charge is , that the secret meetings and plans , the arms and ammunition , the armed bands , another of which ( as your fiscal advocate expressed it in his elegant Italian ) stormed the Diamante , had for thoir object the destruction of the legitimate Government of the State , and the institution of another . " Now , throughout the long and intricate development of the trial , you have not found a single document , a single witness , a single scrap of legal evidence , which indicates any project for cither destroying or instituting a Government ; a single proclamation implying war to tho IIouso of Savoy ; a written lino proposing to substitute in tho place of monarchy ( legitimate or illegitimate mat torn not ) a republican form of government . Tho chargo , thuroforo , falls to the ground . The iijsurroctioniatu , Mazzini implies , only seized ' 6 irtli 6 ^ Dla * r tWrttQ'iircnlernhat-thoy ^ mJgl > t-po 8 se 8 »« thcmsolvcs of a steamer by which to aid in the movement against Naples anil Austria then being attempted . Tho ex-triumvir then proceeds .:- — " Abolish tho constitution ? No ! Even were it in my power to abolish it , I would refrain from doing so , for tho ' sukoof iny own faith . Tho ropublloan education of Italy ia not yet complete , and it belonga to the constitu-
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Ko . 419 , Aprxi . 3 , 1858 . ] THE LEADER . 317
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Leader (1850-1860), April 3, 1858, page 317, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2237/page/5/
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