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« ol to await the action of the . United States authorities . ' Dr Bates , tried > t Auburn , Placer county , on a jhiirge of having abstracted 48 , 000 dollars from the Jtate Treasury , has been acquitted . General Lama has beeu formally received by the Jovernment of Nicaragua . From Peru we learn that fivanco , after shelling the town , landed his troops and : 00 k Arica . Half the town is in ruins . Vivanco has dthdrawn his troops from Iquique .
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ORSINI'S POSTHUMOUS PAPERS . L VEitr remarkable document , consisting of a letter rom Orsini to Louis Napoleon , written by the former he day but one before his execution , has been pubished in the Piedmontese Gazette—communicated , no oubt , by the French Government . It runs thus : — « girgj—Your Imperial Majesty having permitted lat my letter written to you on the 11 th of February jould be produced for public comment , whilst it is a ear proof of your generosity , shows me also that the rayers which I have offered on behalf of my country ad a response in your own heart ; and to me , however jar I be to death , it is certainly no small consolation i see how your Imperial Majesty is moved by genuine alian feelings . " In a few hours I shall cease to be ; and so , before awing my last vital breath , I wish it to be known , and declare it with the frankness and courage which up to is day I have never belied , that assassination , in tiatever garb it may be disguised , does not enter longst my principles , although by a fatal error of mind have allowed myself to be led on to organize the tempt of the 14 th of January . No , political assassition was not my system , and I combated it at the k of my own life , both in my writings and by my blic acts , when a governmental mission placed me in situation to do so . " And my compatriots — far from putting faith in the 3 tem of assassination—let them reject it altogether d hold it aloof ; and let them know , even by the ice of a dying patriot , that their redemption must be n by their own self-denial , by constant unity in their > rts and sacrifices , and by the exercise of true virtue * ifts -which are now budding in the young _ and active tion of my fellow countrymen , and gifts which alone 1 be able to make Italy free , independent , and worthy that glory with which our ancestors have made her strious . 'I die , but whilst I do so with calmness and dignity , rish that my memory may not be left stained with r crime . ' As for the victims of the 14 th of January , I offer own blood as an atonement , and I beg the Italians , en some day they are made independent , to give a rthy compensation to all those who have suffered any try from it . ' Let your Imperial Majesty permit me , in the last ce , to beg you to spare the life , not of myself , but of two accomplices who were condemned to death h me . I am , with the profoundest respect for your Imperial jesty , ( Signed ) " Felice Oksinjc . ' Prison of La Roquette , March 11 . " There can be no doubt of the authenticity of this : ument in the main ; but we suspect that some of i expressions with regard to Louis Napoleon have sn interpolated , or at least heightened . ) rsini ' s will has also been published . It is dated * rison of La Roquette , or Depot des Condamne ' s , ris , March 10 th , 18 o 8 . " The testator directs that , jr the costs of his trial have been deducted , his ney shall be divided in this way : —Eight hundred ucs , at the least , are to bo laid out in purchasing old watch and a gold chain , to be presented to M . es Favre , the advocate who defended him , and to r e engraved on it the following- words ;— " Felice lini to M . Jules Favre , souvenir . " The rest of the ney is to be appropriated to the payment of the enses of his funeral ( he desires that his body may placed by the aide of that of Ugo Foscolo , in one the London cemeteries ) , and to the maintenance Us two little girls . Ho authorizes Mr . Hodge , of stontmry , Somoreetahire ( the gentleman recently ssted in Piedmont for supposed complicity in the is plot ) , to take care of his eldest daughter , lestina ; and Mr . Peter Stuart , of Liverpool , to after his second daughter , Idn . These daughters respectively nix and five years old . Orsini desires t " the education which they shall receive may Bntircly conformable to the principles of honesty , tue , wisdom , and the true lovo of their country . " nor Enrico Ce rnuschi , of Milan , residing at Paris , lamed as the executor in France , and Signor Vin-» o , Caldezi ,. o . CKnonzn ,. r . ca « UngJli ! iijriojL # ib .. kr r . 5 l : _| isted to perform the likcuilicein England . Orsini , Is : — I ' I will that all my property in clothing , books , &c , I ialnlng with M . do Lasallo , Director of Ln . Koquutto , , aont to Mine Elian Cheney , residing in London , ! jland , No . 2 , drafton-street , Aland-road , lvontiah « r Town , N . W . Mies ILYxza . Clionoy will dispose thorn according to her own froo and independent I , as well as of tho other articles already left
to her before my arrest and during my imprisonment . All that I have done for her is but a very humble and very small token of remembrance of the extreme kindness and devotedness which she has shown me on all occasions . 1 recommend to my friends in England this honest and virtuous lady . "
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THE CASE OF THE CAGLIARI . The correspondence respecting the seizure by the Neapolitan Government of the Cagliari has just been presented to Parliament , and discloses a most extraordinary error into which Sir James Hudson , our Minister at Turin , or his secretary , has fallen . On the 5 th of January , Sir James gave the secretary , Mr . Erskine , a draft of a document to be addressed to Count Cavour , in which were the words : — "I have been instructed to ask your Excellency whether the Sardinian Government mean to object " « . to the proceedings taken by the Neapolitan Government with respect to the Uagliari . In amplifying the draft , or in making a fair copy of his own amplification , Mr . Erskine altered the words quoted to— " I have been instructed to acquaint your Excellency that her Majesty ' s Government are disposed to object , " &c . The paper was thus sent in , and , for several weeks , the Sardinian Government was under the false impression that England would protest against the Neapolitan proceedings . Mr . Erskine writes to Sir James Hudson to acknowledge that he made the alteration in the wording , to take all the blame on himself , arid to account for the error by the difficulty experienced in copying a paper of one ' s own composition . Sir James , it seems , did not examine the despatch founded on his draft , taking it for granted that his instructions had been carried out . He signed it , and sent it in . Having communicated the unfortunate facts to the Foreign Secretary ( who first became aware of the erroneous statement on the 10 th March , owing to some observations made by the Sardinian Minister , and who therefore demanded an explanation ) , Lord Malmesbury thus replies : — " March 18 .
" Sir , —I have received your despatch of the loth inst ., in reply to my despatch of the 13 th inst , requesting to be informed on what authority you said , in your letter to Count Cavour of January 5 th , that her Majesty ' s Government were disposed to object to the proceedings in regard to the pursuit of the Cagliari ; and I have to state to you that your explanation is unsatisfactory , and that Mr . Erskine ' s conduct , in making so material an alteration in the sense of your letter , without calling your attention to it , is quite inexcusable , and so you will inform him , by my direction . " On the 22 nd of March , the Marquis d'Azeglio , the Sardinian Minister in London , handed in a note to Lord Malmesbury , referring to the statement in Sir James Hudson's note , and stating that " he was formally charged to request the concurrence and , if need be , the co-operation of the British Government to bring this important affair to a successful termination . " Lord Malmesbury , in his reply , states that the request will be duly considered , but in the meanwhile informs the Marquis that the expression alluded to was unauthorized and erroneous . The Sardinian Minister rejoins : — " The undersigned does not consider himself in any way authorized to make the slightest remark upon the importance of a misunderstanding of this sort [ Mr . Erskino ' s blunder ] , of which he received the first intimation from his Excellency in his interview the day before yesterday . This importance can only be equalled by that which an assertion so positive , coming from her Britannic Majesty ' s representative , must have had in the councils of tho Government of tho King . The opinions of tho English Government have too much weight with the Cabinet of Turin not to have exercised an important influence upon tho determinations taken at that time .
?? But , on tho other hand , tho undersigned is persuaded that lie faithfully represents the sentiments of his Government in aih' rining that , in a question of this importance , facts ought to bo taken into consideration rather than documents , and in expressing onco more tho hope that tho two Cabinets , relying upon the same principles of international law , may act in concert to demand that which is their duo . At all events , if abandoned to its own resources , tho King ' s Government has fully decided to follow up this affair with tho prudence and moderation which have characterized its acts hitherto , but also with tho energy and firmness which tho feeling of right and tho national dignity inspire . " Tho papers also include several despntchos which Have piislfed'b ^ Governments on tlio question of tho seizure . Tho former Government , us tho render is awaro , maintains that tho vosacl , when seized , was not within the jurisdiction , of Naples ; tho latter Government asserts that tho seizure was made on tho high sous , which arc upon to all nations alike , and that consequently tho act was legal . Tho opinions of several English lawyers of
omi-. nence are likewise published . The late Attorney General , Sir Richard Bethell , says : — " If it were clear that the Cagliari was forcibly captured when on the high seas , out of Neapolitan waters , the British Government might lawfully demand the delivery up of the two engineers ; but we are not satisfied that such , was clearly the case , and the responsibility of making a demand which , if refused , must be followed by hostilities , is most serious . It seems to us to have been rather a case of voluntary surrender by the captain and crew than of forcible capture . "When the captain regained possession of his vessel , he assembled the crew , and it was determined to steam to Naples , there to report what had occurred ; and , if this had been done , it is clear that at Naples the captain and crew might have been lawfully arrested and tried by the Neapolitan authorities , until it was ascertained whether they had been voluntary or involuntary agents . On their course to Naples , they fall in with two Neapolitan frigates , and the captain , directing his course towards them , lowers a boat , and , having gone on board the frigate , seems to have made a voluntary statement and surrender of himself and his vessel . The creware then put in irons , and taken as prisoners to Salerno . " An opinion signed " J . D . Harding , Queen's Advocate , " and " Henry S . Keating , Solicitor-General , " considers that , if the seizure was j ustifiable on the high seas , the Neapolitan Government has jurisdiction to try and punish the persons arrested—a conclusion opposed to that of Sir Richard Bethell , who , while believing seizure on the high seas to be lawful , denies the right of the Neapolitan Government , under such circumstances , to try and punish the captives . Lord Malmesbury , writing to Mr . Lyons at Naples , thus acknowledges the intimation of the release of Watt and the temporary removal of Park : — " Foreign-office , March 25 . " Sir , —Her Majesty ' s Government have learnt with much satisfaction the release of "Watt and the removal of Park from prison . Ypu will therefore state to M . Garafa that her Majesty ' s Government appreciate these acts of the King of Naples as resulting from the friendly feeling which his Majesty expresses towards her Majesty ' s Government ; but , at the same time , you will state that they cannot admit that the primd fade evidence which was produced , as far as it is at present known to her Majesty ' s Government , could justify the prolonged confinement to which these British subjects have been exposed , and from which they have so severely suffered . u Her Majesty ' s Government still believe that tho engineers Watt and Park were entirely ignorant of the conspiracy to seize the Cagliari , and were throughout acting under durance . —I am , &c , " Malmesbury . "
A narrative , dictated by Mr . Park , has been published by the Manchester Guardian . It recapitulates the often-told story of the coercion of the crew by the insurgents , who made the seamen obey their orders by threats of instant death if they resisted . With respect to the arrest of the crew by the Neapolitan authorities , after the vessel had been vacated by the Italians , Mr . Park says : — " As soon as we got rid of our self-constituted captain , and were our own masters , we steamed off , and our captain shaped his course towards Naples , thinking it the wiser plan to proceed thither , and make a declaration of what had occurred . Upon our way we were met by two Neapolitan war-steamers , that had been sent in our pursuit ( at which , time we wore some twelve miles from shore ) , when wo were brought up by one of them firing a shot across our bows , and the captain was ordered to go on board wiih his ship ' s papers . Hereupon , our ship was taken possession of , and we were escorted back to Sapri , where wo lay several days , the officers of the war-steamers telling us that they would give us coal to take us on to Cagliari , whither wo were bound before the act of piracy took place . A , t last , orders came that wo were to go to Naples ; arid upon our arrival there wo were very much sympathized with by the man-of-war oflicors , who expressed themselves very sorry to see us in such an unpleasant piece of business . At lust , they said we should have to go on shora for a fow days , and that then the ship would be sot at liberty , wo should have coals given to us , and we could depart . We—taking ull those fair words for truth , and never suspecting what was in tho wind—consented to everything , and went on shore with tho captain , crew , and passengers , when wo wore put into carriages and immediately handcuffed , and , escorted by military , wore conducted to the Vicarla pridon . I must not forgot _ to Btiito that a goiitloiniiij belonging to tho arsenal , seeing myself' ~ and- ^ felloAV-ougiiiie « i '~ handcutted—togothor , ^ told ., who wo wore , and tho liamlcun ' d were taken oil' on tho
road to the nriHon . Mr . Park confirms tho worst accounts that have appeared of tho loathsome condition of tho prison and tho food , 'the extortion practised by tho olllcials , and tho brutal violence to which some of tho Italian prisoners woro subjected . The bread was black , tho soup filthy , tho atmosphero pestiferous , tho water
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No . 420 , April 10 , 1858 . ] THE LEADEE . 341
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Leader (1850-1860), April 10, 1858, page 341, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2238/page/5/
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