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concludes as follows : — " The Holy Father said-to me vesterday at St . Paul's , 'My dear General , the Emperor has said " The empire is peace . " I am happy to say that the presence of the two armies in Rome is the guarantee of peace ! ' These words of the Sovereign Pontiff are a testimony of confidence ; it is our duty to justify it ; we must all cc-ope ate towards this object , and I am convinced we shall . ' SWEDEN . A Pan-Scandinavian meeting , consisting of several thousand Danes , Swedes , and Norwegians ( the lastnamed , however , being in a vary small minority ) , has been held at Iiamlosa , near Helsinborg , on the Swedish coast of the Sound . Some attacks were made on Germany , and a Lieutenant of the Swedish army highly praised the King of Denmark for resisting the unjust aggressions of that Federation .
SPAIX . Fifteen civil governors have been superseded . The floating debt has increased thirty-three millions . The Cortes are shortly to be dissolved , and the new Parliament is to meet on the 19 th of November .
MOHTEXEG 3 O . Montenegro ( says a letter from Cattaro of the 28 th ult-, in the Augsbuvy Gazette } fears a serious attack from the Turks , who are concentrated in considerable force in the Pachalic of Scutari . In consequence of this feeling of alarm , all the inhabitants of La Cernica have been placed on a war footing , all agricultural operations are interrupted , movable columns haves been stationed along the banks of the Lake of Scutari , and depots of arms and ammunition liave been formed in different places . Positive orders have been given that in case of attack no one shall think of defending his own property , but that on the first alarm every one shall assemble at the fortified positions of Dupilo and Gredjani , when Prince Danilo will go himself and take part in the combat .
¦ . ' ¦¦ . ' . - .. ¦/ .. : . ¦ ' DEHMA 8 K . ¦ ¦ ' . . ¦ The island of Heligoland is to be surrounded by a sea wall . ¦¦ . - " ; ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . . . ¦ ¦ ¦ .. .. - . ¦ . . ¦¦ ' . BELGIUM . The Archduke John of Austria and his eldest son arrived at Brussels last Saturday afternoon , and -were received at the railway station with great pomp . The visitors proceeded to the palace in a court carriage , and the King gave a state dinner in the evening in their honour .
kctssia . . . . . " Fresh and harrowing details , " says a St . Petersburg letter of July 5 , " have just been published of the casualties suffered by the Russian army during the war in the Crimea . It appears that in the affair of the Tchernaya alone , on August 1 G , 1855 , there were 5048 wounded , among whom were 24 G officers and 7 generals . At Fort Nicholas , where the first hospital for the wounded was organized , as many as 200 amputations were performed on a single day , and one surgeon had often 500 patients to attend to . Most of the men who evacuated Simpheropol hospital died on the march homewards . These revelations , proving how defective the Russian military administration is , have made a great sensation in St .. Petersburg . "
TUllKEY . The conduct of the Mahometan population of the port of Suez towards the Christiana has been so threatening that the Pasha of Egypt has found it necessary to send troops there to prevent bloodshed . A terrible reaction of the Mussulmans against the Christiuns ( say the accounts from Athens ) has taken place in Ciindia . A young Greek of C . mea killed a Turk in self-defence . The body of the Mussulman was
conveyed to the mosque , and a general rising soon after took place . The French ilag was tired on . The Greek was strangled by order of the Admiral , and his body was given up to the populace , and was dragged by them before the houses of the Consuls . The Turks at Itotimo have devastated the churches in that town , wounded several of the clergy , and taken possession of the citadel . Disturbances have broken out in the province of Bagdad in consequence of the recruiting for the army . In several villages the authorities liuvo been driven out .
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EXPLOSION OF laltEWOUIC FACTORIES . It la long since so dreadful a catastrophe has occurred in London as that which startled the whale of Lambeth and Southwark on Monday evening . Two firework factories blew up , and caused tho death of many persons , besides injury to several others . At tho corner of Charles-street and Elixabeth-plucp , near tho Waterloo and Westminster-roads , stood tho establishment of Madame Coton , successor to tho Into Madame Henglcr , who perished some years ago in a similar catastrophe ; and at tho opposite nuglo of tho street was the factory of Mr . Gibson . About half past six o ' clock , a boy named Uruv , ¦ who "was working in the back kitchen , suddenly rushed out , exclaiming , Oli , the red firo in alight 1 " A brother of thia youth endeavoured to follow ; but , before ho could got to the top of the stairs ( for ho was on one of tho upper floors' ) , he was surrounded by flame , and ,
thougli he managed ultimately to escape , he was fearfully injured . It was not long before engines arrived ; but , while the turncock was opening the supply of water , a frightful explosion took place . The whole building , except a portion of the external walls , was blown high hto ' the air , and across the wide road ; the large stock of fireworks burst into simultaneous action ; and the bricks and timber were dashed , about so violently that the firemen , and some two hundred men , women , and children , were knocked down . The flames laid hold of the turncock , and severely injured him ; and at the same moment the rockets shot into the house of Mr . Gibson , and caused that also to explode . This second catastrophe was attended with serious injuries to Mrs . Gibson . The house next door to Madame ' Colon ' s was set on fire ; the windows of St . Paul's Church , close by , were shattered ; and various neighbouring houses suffered more or less from the concussion . Minor explosions continued to follow for some time ; but the firemen and police speedily got to work , with great courage , and poured a flood of water on the ruins .
In less than half an hour after the outbreak , sixty sufferers had been . removed from the scene of the explosions to a neighbouring surgery . Some of the cases were peculiar . A Mr . Donhain , a livery , bait , and commission stable-keeper , ran to the front of one of the blazing . 'houses ,, and rescued a little girl ; but , the next moment , a rocket struck him on the head , and blew the child out of his arms . Both were seriously injured . At the same time , a Mr . Barnard was passing along the road in a cart -with four other persons , all of whom were
struck down by the force of the explosion and by the shower of rockets and pieces of brick , &c . Mr . Barnard was much hurt , and his companions were a good deal shaken . A licensed victualler , Who was standing in a timber yard opposite , became surrounded with burning rockets , and his legs were in consequence much burned . A policeman "was blown underneath a cart and horse , and . the animal trod-on his ... 'knee-cap . ' Several persons , also , were damaged by the ftightened horses in passing vehicles ; and two girls have been burnt to death at Mr . Gibson ' s .
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ACCIDENTS AND SUDDEN DEATHS . A vouno married lady has been fearfully burnt at Monkwerirmouth . Mrs . J . C . Welford , residing in North Bridge-street , was ironing in tbe kitchen , when a muslin dress she wore caught ( ire at the grate . She was alone in the house at the time , and ran out on to the grass plot-in front , -with her clothes blazing . As no one was passing at the moment , she rushed back again ; again went out in the open air , and again returned into the house . Her screams at-length attracted several people , who threw a rug about her , and extinguished the flames . She was of course terribly injured , and no hopes are entertained of her recovery . —? A young woman named Fannv Ilumphrevp , a servant , has met with a similar
accident in tho gardens of tlie Crystal Palace . Her muslin dress came in contact with a smouldering fusee , and caught fire . The flaines mounted high above her head as she ran about the grounds . A gentleman at length succeeded in extinguishing them , and the girl was conveyed to St . Thomas ' s Hospital , Southwark , wliere she died . Tho recklessness with which gentlemen throw about fusees after lighting their cigars , and the smouldering ends of the cigars themselves , is deserving off great censure . Perhaps this shocking case may act as a caution . The inquest on the body of one of the persons killed in the late accident on the South-Eastern line , near the Chilhnm station , came to a conclusion on Monday
morning . 3 Ir . Duncan George l'orbes Macdonald , a civil engineer unconnected with any railway , in giving evidence , said : — " Taking into consideration tlio radius at the curve , the declivity and its length , particularly the condition of tho permanent way , the sleepers and ballasting , the appearance of tbe carriages after tho accident , and the aspect of tho site of tho catastrophe , I am decidedly of opinion that the accident was caused by excessive speed . Under tho circumstances I have stated , I should consider that a greater speed tliuu twenty-live miles an hour would have been sufficient to > tlirow the carriages off tho line ; and my conviction is , from tho appearance * , that tho speed must have exceeded thirty miles . " Captain Tyler , of the Royal Artillery , Government Inspector of Railways , said : — "I have examined the curve , and , as far as the cant of
the rail is concerned , I do nut think there would bo any danger in travelling at thirty miles an hour round the curve ; but , in consequence of tho way in vhiuh the chairs are fastened to tho sleepers , I do not think that n safe speed . As far as the sharpness of tho curve- is concerned , tho spoocl of thirty or forty miles an hour ought to bo perfectly sufo upon it . I ucliovo tlio failures of llio treiuiilrt to have boon tho cause of the train leaving tho lino . " Captain Tyler hero showed the jury ono of tho troiuiils which had boon cut through . With respect to tho crank axle , ho said it broke from wear and tear , aa crank axles will break . Mr . Soymour Clark , tho manager of tho Groat Northern ltailway , said he considered thoro was no danger in going round tlio curve at the rate of thirty , forty , or oven fifty miles an Lour . " With
respect to the cause of the accident , " lie added » I tir ~ t the crank axle broke first , and that if it hail not broken there would have been no accident . That caused such a relative position of the wheel on the side it broke atM the engine it had previously sustained , that it displaced a metal . Being on a curve , the carriages went off the line , the tendency of all metals being to « o stnM . t The line being broken , the carriages went into the bal last , and . Ml over ; and hence the accident . " The iurv returned a verdict of Accidental Death , with a strong recommendation that no train should pass tlie curve be tween the whistle-board and the Chilham . station at a rate exceeding tn-cntj ' -five miles aa hour , and that the road should be carefully attended and kept in ' good running order and repair , especiallv the curve
The Countess of Essex was thrown from hoi-horse on entering Hyde-park oii Monday afternoon . She was assisted to a carriage by a park-keeper , and conveyed to her residence , Chesham-street , Belgravc- square . The character of the injuries she received could not be ascertained . During a thunderstorm -which passed over Binning- ' liam and South Staffordshire on the afternoon of Thursday week , a railway train from the former place to "Wolverhampton was struck by ¦ the . lightning at Deepfields . Tlie engine-driver and stoker were both injured , especially the latter , who received a blow on the back of Iiis head which rendered him insensible for a . time . All the passengers iti the train . were more or less affected by tlie shock ; and a gentleman in one of the first-class
carriages was thrown to the opposite side . His right arm was likewise struck with Such force that it was completely paralyzed . The person , however , who appears to have suffered most from the effects of the lightning , was the guard , who was standing up in the train applying the break . His whole system was for a tinie paralyzed . ^ Vhen the train arrived at the Deepfields station , lie staggered out of the van , with the intention of pursuing his duties ; but he could scarcely stand , and had not the station-master held him up , he would have fallen off the platform on to the line . He was put back into the van , and a porter was sent with him to take charge of the train .
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THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH . Somk interesting additional particulars relative to the catastrophe with the Atlantic cable are given by the 'I'inies correspondent , who went out . with ' the expedition , and who , writing oh Monday , says;—" The Agamemnon arrived-here ( Quccnstown ) this morning' sit 12 . 30 , having left the rendezvous , in the centre « f the Atlantic on the 6 th inst . On the voyage out with the other vessels of the squadron , a succession of tremendous south-westerly gales was encountered , which scattered , all the shins for some ( lavs . During
tlie tune , the very heavy and unequal load on board the Agamemnon made her condition one of danger . At one time , indeed , tlie storm was so violent tliat the chances were strongly in favour of her going to the bottom with all on board . The worst storm was during ; the 2 (» th arid 21 st of June , when the Agamemnon rolled so heavily and dangerously as in her then trim to lead to serious fears tliat the masts woidd go overboard , or that she would capsize completely ami founder . In those heavy lurches the coals wich were stowed . in the main and lower docks broko away , and seriously injured several of the crew .
" The electric instruments were all injured . Tk main coal in the bottom of the hold shifted . The deck boats got adrift . The iron screw guard was wrenched in two , and the waste steam-pipe between the boilers broken , all by the heavy rolling . Twice , after every effort had been made to case the ship , which wus much hampered by the upper deck coil of two hundred and thirty-six tons forward , it was found necessary to i" 1111 belbro tlio wind , so that it was only on the 25 th of Juno that the rendezvous was made , and the other vessels of the squadron sighted .
" Tlie first splice was made on the 2 <> tli , and was broken an hour afterwards on board the Niugarn , after three miles had boon puid out from esich vowel . The second . splice was also made on tho 26 th , and broko nt four a . m . on tho morning of Thursday , the 27 th , parting apparently at tho bottom of the sen , after sonic miles hud been made from each ship . The third and last splico parted at 10 . 30 p . m . on tlie night of tho 20 tti , about six fathoms below tho stern of tlio Agamemnon , after one hundred and forty-six miles had been paid out of that vessel . Tho causo of the laat fracturo is not known , ns tho strain of tlie wire was only 22001 b . to rendez
" After this , tho Agamemnon returned ¦ tho - vous , and cruised for fivo days , during which she met with sulHcient bad weather to prove tliat tho removal of tho upper dock coil had almost restored her to her trim , and certuinly rendered her buoyant on a sen . Unfortunately , the Niagara did not ruturn to tho rendezvous ; so that tho only fine weather which tlie expedition , had was totally lost , and tho Agamemnon had to proceed to Qucenstown . " There are still 25 UO miles of wire on board the two ships . It h intended to fill up with coal and fresh provisions and start for a finnl attempt next Saturday ( this day ) .
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680 __ THE LEADER . [ No . 434 , July 17 , 1858 .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), July 17, 1858, page 680, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2251/page/8/
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