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    as to be by no means uncommon , there being Jews even of a sandy red . Then for texture the mass have Jiair as fine as Indo-Europeans , some Jews having as fine hair and as richly curled as any in tJio world , but on the other hand we find Jews with hair crisped and frizzled like the Nubian races , or even nearly woolly like the Negro races , to which the Jew approaches as nearly on the one side as lie does to the Indo European on the Other , for we may find among the Jews the highest , handsomest , and most refined Indo-European expression , or the brutality of the negro with the difference chiefly of a lighter skin . The Jew has this great range of hairand almost of complexion , for we may see a

    Greater range of variety of colour of the hair than among the Jews , but there is less range of . variety in the texture . The latter is more uniform , and such modifications will be found throughout , in one race the eyelids will be more uniform , m others the nose may fluctuate in form , in some the hair , be . fixed in colour or texture ,- but no such extent of fluctuation or modification is to be held as diminishinsr the typical value of the

    characteristic points . The English are subjected to physical and moral influences like oth > r races In these islands there is a variation , ot climate from the myrtle-growing regions of the southern shores to the bleak rocks of the . Shetland ? , from the eastern fens to the highest inhabited hills , from the dryer climate of East England to the bedewed shores receiving the vapours of the Atlantic , lhese inflnftnnfis of climate are am ong the most powerful

    which affect the human system , though the extent of these influences no collection of observations allow us adequately to appreciate . Undoubtedly , the dweller in a fen level , or in a maremma , will have his physical appearance greatly affected , whether reduced to the last stage of decrepitude by ague , or marsh fever , or no : so , too , will the mountain resident be affected by the water and density of the atmosphere , even if he does not become goitrous or a cretin . We know the extreme of influence in some cases , but we do not know thq , permanent and persistent influence . So , too , we see the effect of occupation in a dwarfed and dwindled population like that of Spitalfields and Bethual-greeri , among which a common-sized

    Englishman towers like a grenadier . The difference of food has less effect , perhaps , on the English than on most populations , not even as much as among the Celts in these islands , now that the English have given up rye bread , barley bread , and . onteake , of which the latter alone is still largely consumed , and eat generally wheat bread of one general make . The use of animal and vegetable food of . the like class , and with very small consumption of fish , tends to maintain this uniformity . In drink we find a . greater variety , as we regard the several populations drinking beer , cider , and spirits . The effect of climate and soil must , however , be that which is chiefly felt by the English in this country , though how manifested is obscure .

    The tall men of Yorkshire , Northumbria , and Aberdeenshire , who supply the Guards , may well give the impression that they constitute a distinct race , and it may become matter of speculation how far they will succeed in the hills and p lains of India in supplying grenadiers to the Indian armies , or how far their descendants may dwindle from the ancestral standard . And yet it is possible that this latter may be no proof-of degeneracy , and it is likewise possible that the short populations of southern and midland England may , in the Indian hills , run ud to six-feet men , as they do in New England and

    Australia . Before the mere fact of a declension in height can be allowed as an evidence of degeneracy , we must ascertain how far such diminution takes place in these islands , bearing in mind that England is no more the natural habitat of the English , Warings , Saxons , Frizjans , and Jutes , who name from Jutland , than are New England , the antipodes , or the heights of the Himalayas . As the census returns show us , the emigration of all the shires to the metropolis and great towns is something enormous , and it has been going on from Yorkshire to the midland and to London , and from

    Aberdecnshiro to Edinburgh , for many generations . The question is , Bo tno descendants of these tall immigrants in the third-and fourth generation commonly maintain tho ancestral height I * The answer , wo opine , is that they do not ; but what there is in tho soil of Yorkshire or New England to make men tall , or in the soil of Derbyshire or London to make them short , that docs not appear . Another subject of inquiry is , Do immigrants to Yorkshiro have tull offspring P and the evidence , so far as it goes , is , that they do . The Welsh Celts on tho Welsh hills do

    not run up , but tho Celts in tho Scotch Highlands are many of thorn tall . It would appear that there must be the concurrent operations of a climate tending to increase the stature , and of a disposition of raoo to acquire this greater stature . Thoro are mountains of India with Ghoorkas , Lopohas , and Bhootoas , diminutive of stature . It may be affirmed that as a matter of course in the hills of India the English raco will bo subjected to modifications and variations , to thoso changes winch may be denominated creolisatipn , but whether this will constitute a degeneracy remains to bo aeon . If similarity of soil and climate would

    en-S ™ VJ [ P ical qualities of the race , then in Norfolk , Suffolk , and Lincolnshire we ought to find thr finest populations , physically and morally rcr . r ,. senting the emigrants from Jutland , and possessing the highest endowments , and yet no statician would * dare to arrogate for the population of the east of England siich superiority . It may be , as we have already hinted , that the - modifications of stature resulting from change of climate and of food raav in the Western Himalayan valleys , more particu ' larly result in the physical improvement of the

    immigrant . Exercise in a mountain region he must have—this he cannot miss—and in so far he must be robust as are the hiilmcn of England , as are the Celts of the Welsh , Scotch , and Irish mountains and as are the Aff g haus , the Ghoorkas , the Lepchas ' and the Bhooteas in question , many of which latter supply labourers to our hill settlements , and , dtirin <» the revolt , supplied us with recruits for our armies ! Morally , it is scarcely to be expected that the English immigrant will be cxposea in the Indian hifls to worse influences than . at home . He will ere

    lornphave English and free institutions , he will have the same domestic and social enjoyments as at home , he will not carry on promiscuous intercourse with the women of the hill tribes , and lie will have the proud feeling of superiority over the new English population , which sustains the career of exertion in every quarter of the world . There is no necessity for the Englishman to degenerate ; it is not easy to sec how he can , and there is only the fancy that he will , degenerate .

    , Spanish Jewess as white as any English woman in a ball room , or one as dark asaTuarick or the tribes of Northern Africa . The nose of the Jew , recognised as a characteristic , is subject to the same variations which deprive the hooked nose of its monopoly of claim . The eye is not always to be found with its almond shape , nor prominent like that of the lower animals , but sometimes near the English eye . The lips , of which the upper lip is of negro modification , showing the line of inner , or mouth skin turned up and much exposed at the angle , is sometimes almost 5 f Indo-European proportionand the lower lip likewise , although it more

    , commonly projects in analogy to the negro . The ear varies from that of the negro flap to the delicacy of form of the higher races . The leg , which in some examples may be admired in the first dancer or humble ballet girl , is nevertheless to be found of the type of the negro , or the Irish Celt , with distorted shin and flat foot . These facts are in strict conformity with what is to be observed throughout the range of ethnology , in the families , in the races , and so down to the individuals . Thus in the Altaic or Ugric races we have races as high as the Etruscans , Lydians , Iberians , Magyars , Basques , or Finns , and as

    low as the Lapps ; and thus among- Indo-Europeans we have those as high as English or Greeks and as low as Slavonians or Irish . What more miserable object than the Irish apple-woman squatted in our streets , monkey-like in feature , and what less indicative of the genius of the Indo-European race than many a Spanish grandee or Portuguese fidalgo . We may not be prepared to look for these facts among the Jews , and yet we cannot help acknowledging them if we use our eyes . There is , as already said , a wide range of variation among the Jews as a highly organised race , and there are powerful

    influences at work . The Jews are distributed in climates greatly differing , so that the complexion and colour of the eyes , and it cannot be doubted the colouring matter of the hair , and in fact all the colouring matters of the system which can be influenced r > y light , are greatly affected . The photometric range is great between the north of Europe or America and the tropics within which Jews are now to be found . Eood affects muscle and bone , and the Jew of England lives very differently from his poor brother of Poland or the Jew of a hot climate living on vegetable food . Although the Jews are a

    tern-Serate people ; there is likewise a sufficient ifference in drink to produce physical effects . The moral attributes ' of the Jews , although they afford many proofs of the identity of idiosyncrasy between the Jew * as depicted in the Mosaic code and books and him of the present day , are , nevertheless , subjected to great fluctuations . How different is the JSarbary Jew , crouching at the foot of a despot , and the Jew in England , engaged as a Jewish peer , or Jewish commoner , or Jewish minister , or even as exercising the simple rights of citizenship , in influencing the destinies of the millions of India , and indeed of tho world . These moral influences again vrUX exercise a physical reaction , and the Jew in

    England , the issue of the marriage of well-grown adults , brought up in a public school , and athletically exercised as Englishmen are , is a very different man from the effeminate Jew of tho tropics . How different , too , the Jewess , leader of a Court circle or fashionable assembly in Western Europe , or oven officiating as the' prima donna of a crowded operahouse , and the filthy slavish hag * or wonoh of Russia , and the veiled and captive recluse of the women ' s apartments in Barbary . The one shows tho queenly grace of a free woman , the latter exhibit only the imprint of debasement . The English are none the more than the Jews a mixed race , beoause they have among thorn many colours of hair , from black to rod , or yellow and flaxen . In the case of the English , there is a

    Untitled Article

    THE COTTOX MOVEMENT . . I . v our last ' number we . announced that to India the funds of the Cotton Supply Association will be largely applied and its exertions mainly directed , and that , upou the principles of obtaining for India improved roads , more extensive irrigation , a better land system , and free scope for English capital and enterprise . The Cotton 'Supply Reporter , the organ of the Association , has this week made an official announcement to the same effect in an admirable article , which touches on some of the chief points of Indian policy and Indian progress . It has for its motto " It is to British India that ,. for thepresent , we must look for an increase of our supplies of cotton . . . The two Indian requirements with which we have to deal , and with which it is in our power to deal , are the want of roads and the want of irrigation . " Thus spoko Lord Stanley at the Manchester Town Hall no longer ag 6 than the 19 th of June , 1857 , and as by agitating , with India as a topic , Lord Stanley , on the 19 th of June , 1858 , found himself with India as the province of his administration , Lancashire means to hold him to his opinions and call upon him to carry them out . Lord Stanley has told us . that tho want of roads , which he has experienced , and the want of irrigation , which he knows , are requirements with which it

    is in the power of a minister like himself to deal , and with them Lancashire requires him to deal , with this further addition , that the tenure of land in India may be so fixed that its cultivator shall receive the reward of his toil . To this call Lord Stanley promises \ o respond , for at the Fishmongers- banquet ho said , of the change of government under his auspices , " I hope it may lead to the larger introduction into that country of huro ; ican energy , enterprise , and thought . " It is high time , say * tho / teportcr , that tho nmnngement of Indian affairs should be brought under mo direct control of . the House of Commons , and tnai public opinion in this country should judge « nu influence tho conduct of its legislature . Wo agree inw tho time has arrived when English skill , J ' ; tf ""! capital , and English oacrgy , unfettered mid unclicoisu by tho restrictions of an uiiwieldly corporation , ma ; w . « free play upon Indian soil . ' _ . „ . „ ,,

    Tho future which tho Association hopes to neorcn ^ ia a fttir ono , as , indeed , n frw your * will " » * manifest . Lot but tho Government do its duty , nim i"j wo shall seo private enterprise Hoon trnn .-lopn \ ^ whole face of that populous and rioh country i" < s , cono of busy industry , such ns shall minister iioi » j to tho welfare and happiness of its inhabit "" K « supply our people at homo with its abounding prom * . Our hard-headed practical Lancashire innn cim m « reason why , with tho oiuno means , the valioy * > Ganges , the Indus , and tho Godavory should bq made as productive as tho valleys of tho Mwf IwipPj And Missouri ; why tho hill countries of Drt'J 0 C ' , '' l 9 of IfaiiouJ should not bo ocouptfU . -iw arc now tho 1 » ' 8 Maine , of Now England , ' . and of tho Blue Mom mm ana m , tho range * of tho Kocky Mountain n J ° Oregon will shortly bo . If Englishmen can in , Amon do what tho world has aeon thnt they can <« '' m , United States ami Canada , no linpnrtial obNor believe they cannot do botter in Iudia . In Gana <» 4

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    1036 T HE LEAP E R . [ No . 445 , October 2 , 1 S 5 S

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 2, 1858, page 1036, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2262/page/20/